Neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering (νA_{el}) with partial quantum-mechanical coherency has been observed in several nuclei with neutrinos from decay-at-rest pions. This interaction with reactor neutrinos where coherency is >95% has not yet been experimentally observed. We present new results on the studies of the νA_{el} cross section with an electrocooled p-type point-contact germanium detector at the Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory. A total of 242(357) kg-days of Reactor ON(OFF) data at a detector threshold of 200 eV in ionization energy are analyzed. The Lindhard model parametrized by a single variable k which characterizes the quenching function was used. A limit at 90% confidence level of ρ<4.7 at the predicted value of k=0.162 is derived, where ρ is the ratio of the measured to standard model (SM) cross section. Conversely, k<0.288 at the SM value of ρ=1.

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass $M>70$ $M_\odot$) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities $0 < e \leq 0.3$ at $0.33$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ at 90\% confidence level.

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM.

KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGRA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGRA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages.

We present a reliable magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) TDDB model using 40Mb 22FDX ® STT-MRAM at sub-PPM failure rate. This model is based on the precise estimation of voltage across MTJ at bit-cell level derived from compact model and design simulations to cover the product level endurance performance from MTJ diameter, resistance-area product, and temperature effects. We discuss the implications of pre/post MTJ switching, circuit variations and write pulse on MRAM endurance. By using design-process-test co-optimization, we show robust MRAM product reliability to meet >1M cycles with solder reflows and path towards achieving >E12 cycles for cache applications.

Background:Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Asia exhibit many differences from those in other parts of the world. Objectives:This study sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, in HFrEF patients in Asia, compared with those elsewhere, enrolled in the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure) trial. Methods:Patients in New York Heart Association functional class II to IV with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were eligible for the DAPA-HF trial. The primary outcome in the DAPA-HF trial was the composite of an episode of worsening HF (HF hospitalization or urgent HF visit requiring intravenous therapy) or cardiovascular death. Results:Of the 4,744 patients in the DAPA-HF trial, 1,096 (23.1%) were enrolled in Asia; 721 (15.2% overall, 65.8% of patients in Asia) were enrolled in East Asia (237 in China, 343 in Japan, and 141 in Taiwan), 138 (2.9% overall, 12.6% in Asia) in South-East Asia (Vietnam), and 237 (5.0% overall, 21.6% in Asia) in South Asia (India). Patients from Asia had similar rates of worsening HF events and mortality compared with patients elsewhere. Compared with placebo, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary endpoint to the same extent in patients from Asia (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.87) as elsewhere (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.89) (P for interaction = 0.32). Consistent benefits were observed for the other prespecified outcomes and among the regions of Asia. Study drug discontinuation and prespecified adverse events did not differ between regions. Conclusions:Dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, reduced the risk of worsening HF events and cardiovascular death to the same extent in Asian patients as elsewhere. (Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure [DAPA-HF]; NCT03036124).

Objective To compare the artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram (AI-ECG) atrial fibrillation (AF) prediction model output in patients with migraine with aura (MwA) and migraine without aura (MwoA). Background MwA is associated with an approximately twofold risk of ischemic stroke. Longitudinal cohort studies showed that patients with MwA have a higher incidence of developing AF compared to those with MwoA. The Mayo Clinic Cardiology team developed an AI-ECG algorithm that calculates the probability of concurrent paroxysmal or impending AF in ECGs with normal sinus rhythm (NSR). Methods Adult patients with an MwA or MwoA diagnosis and at least one NSR ECG within the past 20 years at Mayo Clinic were identified. Patients with an ECG-confirmed diagnosis of AF were excluded. For each patient, the ECG with the highest AF prediction model output was used as the index ECG. Comparisons between MwA and MwoA were conducted in the overall group (including men and women of all ages), women only, and men only in each age range (18 to <35, 35 to <55, 55 to <75, >= 75 years), and adjusted for age, sex, and six common vascular comorbidities that increase risk for AF. Results The final analysis of our cross-sectional study included 40,002 patients (17,840 with MwA, 22,162 with MwoA). The mean (SD) age at the index ECG was 48.2 (16.0) years for MwA and 45.9 (15.0) years for MwoA (p < 0.001). The AF prediction model output was significantly higher in the MwA group compared to MwoA (mean [SD] 7.3% [15.0%] vs. 5.6% [12.4%], mean difference [95% CI] 1.7% [1.5%, 2.0%], p < 0.001). After adjusting for vascular comorbidities, the difference between MwA and MwoA remained significant in the overall group (least square means of difference [95% CI] 0.7% [0.4%, 0.9%], p < 0.001), 18 to <35 (0.4% [0.1%, 0.7%], p = 0.022), and 35 to <55 (0.5% [0.2%, 0.8%], p < 0.001), women of all ages (0.6% [0.3%, 0.8%], p < 0.001), men of all ages (1.0% [0.4%, 1.6%], p = 0.002), women 35 to <55 (0.6% [0.3%, 0.9%], p < 0.001), and men 18 to <35 (1.2% [0.3%, 2.1%], p = 0.008). Conclusions Utilizing a novel AI-ECG algorithm on a large group of patients, we demonstrated that patients with MwA have a significantly higher AF prediction model output, implying a higher probability of concurrent paroxysmal or impending AF, compared to MwoA in both women and men. Our results suggest that MwA is an independent risk factor for AF, especially in patients <55 years old, and that AF-mediated cardioembolism may play a role in the migraine-stroke association for some patients.

STT-MRAM has been showcased to be a viable solution to replace eFlash and SRAM technologies. With the increasing demand for connected edge computing and internet of things, the usage of STT-MRAM in MCU and MPU products has become the reality. The product reliability of industrial-grade (-40~125°C) 40Mb 22FDX ® embedded-MRAM technology having 5x-solder reflows compatibility stack is presented. The stand-by magnetic immunity and cross-talk between MRAM and RF are also discussed.

BACKGROUND:Retinal migraine is defined by fully reversible monocular visual phenomena. We present two cases that were complicated by permanent monocular vision deficits.CASES:A 57-year-old man with history of retinal migraine experienced persistent monocular vision loss after one stereotypical retinal migraine, progressing to finger-count vision over 4 days. He developed paracentral acute middle maculopathy that progressed to central retinal artery occlusion. A 27-year-old man with history of retinal migraine presented with persistent right eye superotemporal scotoma after a retinal migraine. Relative afferent pupillary defect and superotemporal visual field defect were noted, consistent with ischemic optic neuropathy.CONCLUSION:Retinal migraine can complicate with permanent monocular visual loss, suggesting potential migrainous infarction of the retina or optic nerve. A thorough cerebrovascular evaluation must be completed, which was unrevealing in our cases. Acute and preventive migraine therapy may be considered in retinal migraine patients, to mitigate rare but potentially permanent visual loss.

We report STT-MRAM’s robustness, superior reliability and immunity performance to external magnetic field and RF sources for next-generation embedded-MRAM (eMRAM) technology based on 22FDX ® +RF+MRAM. Using 40Mb eMRAM integrated in 22FDX ® , we demonstrate Write/Read repeatability performance with BER variation of <0.2 PPM with ECC-OFF and zero failure with ECC-ON at -40~125°C. We show angle dependence of standby magnetic immunity and ways to improve it with optimized shielding designs. Using a specially designed RF-MRAM EMI chip, we demonstrate no impact of RF interference on MRAM and vice versa. Furthermore, using optimized MTJ process, design and testing schemes, we show <2 PPM post 5x solder reflow performance and zero mean endurance failure after 100K cycles at -40°C.