In a random sample of 30,444 larynges from slaughtered beef cattle, 441 (1.4%) had chronic diphtheria and 1,345 (4.4%) had papillomatosis. Both types of lesions were centered in mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. Since they are found in the same anatomical locations as laryngeal contact ulcers, we hypothesize that ulcers are primary and diphtheria and papillomatosis are secondary.

Beginning in summer 1977 and continuing through four consecutive seasons, we examined lame limb joints from 106 partially fattened cattle and 28,235 pairs of occipital condyles from fully fattened cattle for osteochondrosis. Of the 106 lame cattle, nine (8.5%) had characteristic lesions, usually in their stifle joints, and of the 28,235 atlanto-occipital joints, 1063 (3.8%) had lesions on their condyles. Slices of affected articular cartilage and subjacent bone were studied radiographically and histologically. Radiographs showed subchondral defects and epiphyseal “cyst-like” lesions, and histologic sections showed disarrayed and degenerated chondrocytes. Splits occurred along osteochondral junctions or in adjacent cartilage or bone. Some bone trabeculae had been replaced by fibrous tissue that, in some areas, extended deep into epiphyses.

Of 30,444 larynges from fattened cattle at three companies, 3,985 (13.1%) had contact ulcers or ulcer scars in the mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. The incidence was higher in cattle fed during fall than in cattle fed during other seasons. We hypothesize: 1. that some feedlot cattle develop acute mucositis from mixed infections with species of Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, and viruses in the nose, pharynx, and larynx; 2. that reflex coughing and swallowing accelerate the rate of larynx closure; and 3. that the closures erode the swollen membrane over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages and thus produce primary contact ulcers.

Beginning summer 1977 and continuing through 4 consecutive seasons, we examined samples of at least 25, and a total of 106, lame limbs or joints from slaughtered beef cattle. Of this number about 64 (60%) were articular and 42 (40%) periarticular lesions. Fifty-three were caused by trauma and 9 by osteochondrosis. Stifle joints (40) and digital joints (19) were the most frequently affected articulations, and the humerus and femur were the most frequently fractured bones. Twenty joints, mostly stifles, had fibrinous arthritis, and Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from 11.

A comprehensive program for definition of inbreeding, relationships, and ancestral composition within an animal population is described. Inbreeding coefficients were used to evaluate breeding history and to control inbreeding levels. Coefficients of relationship were most useful for accurate pairing of animals with respect to familial relationships. Ancestral composition was used to define familial subpopulations within a colony so that inherited physiologic and biochemical variations might be included in the evaluation of experimentally produced changes. A closed Beagle colony that has produced 1,690 dogs was used to illustrate both the application and value of the three criteria of breeding and relationship. Of these dogs, 1,201 (71.1%) had some degree of inbreeding. The coefficient of relationship was dependent upon how closely dogs were related, a value that would be enhanced if the dogs were inbred; this coefficient provided a means of selecting pairs with equivalent relationship for histocompatibility and other studies where accurate pairing was important. Ancestral composition defined the two inbred subpopulations within this colony and the extent of their outbreeding with the other two subpopulations. Neonatal survival was used to illustrate effects of inbreeding, and the effects of outbreeding between the subpopulations were assessed by weanling survival.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToxicity in Meat Scrap, Effect of Trichloroethylene-Extracted Meat Scrap on Young CattleC. E. Rehfeld, Victor Perman, J. H. Sautter, and M. O. SchultzeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1958, 6, 3, 227–230Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60085a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60085a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts