BackgroundAlthough there is serologic evidence of exposure of cats to Leptospira spp., clinical disease is rarely reported in cats.ObjectiveTo compare the seropositivity and urinary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) status for Leptospira spp. between healthy (H) cats and cats with kidney disease (KD), to investigate the serovars potentially involved, and to evaluate potential risk factors.AnimalsTwo hundred and forty client‐owned cats.MethodsCats were prospectively recruited and classified based on physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, and urinalysis (125 H and 115 KD cats). Leptospira spp. serology (titers ≥1 : 100 considered positive) and urinary PCR were performed in all cats. Data assessing risk factors, obtained from a questionnaire, were evaluated using logistic regression models.ResultsSeropositivity for Leptospira spp. was statistically different between groups: 7.2% (9/125) and 14.9% (17/114) in the H and KD, respectively (P = .05). The proportion of PCR‐positive cats was not. The most common serovars detected serologically were Pomona (n = 16) and Bratislava (n = 8). Risk factors for seropositivity included outdoor and hunting lifestyles (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively), the presence of another cat in the household (P < .01), and the sampling period, with the greatest number of cases identified between June and August (P =.02).ConclusionsSeropositivity was significantly greater in KD cats, suggesting that the role of Leptospira spp. in KD in cats should be further investigated. The detection of urinary shedding of leptospires in several cats identifies a potential role in the transmission of the organism.

A 5·5-year-old male castrated Bernese mountain dog presented with respiratory difficulties and was diagnosed with haemorrhagic pericardial effusion which transformed into chylopericardium. Thoracic duct ligation and subtotal pericardiectomy in combination with biopsy of an enlarged tracheobronchial lymph node were performed. Multiple clusters of mesothelial cell emboli were observed in the subcapsular sinus of the lymph node. No causative agent for the pericardial effusion could be identified, suggesting that this is a case of mesothelial cell embolisation associated with idiopathic -chylopericardium in a dog.

BACKGROUND:Hyperthyroid cats are at risk of developing azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diagnostic tools currently used to screen for CKD in hyperthyroid cats are either unreliable or impractical. HYPOTHESIS:Urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase index (NAG(i)) is a good biomarker for azotemic CKD in hyperthyroid cats. ANIMALS:Twenty-four newly diagnosed nonazotemic hyperthyroid cats and 10 healthy cats. METHODS:All cats were evaluated for hyperthyroidism at baseline. Hyperthyroid cats were treated with methimazole and reevaluated once euthyroid. At the end of the study, cats were divided into 3 groups: healthy cats, nonazotemic, and azotemic euthyroid cats. Baseline group characteristics were compared to predict azotemic CKD. The influence of treatment on NAG(i) was evaluated. RESULTS:Baseline NAG(i) was significantly different among groups (P= .004). Azotemic cats had a higher median value (13.12 U/g) when compared with healthy cats (1.38 U/g). With NAG(i) >2.76 U/g, negative and positive predictive values for development of azotemia were 77.7 and 50%, whereas the combination of a urine specific gravity (USG) 7.80 microg/dL enhanced predictive values to 88.9 and 83.3%, respectively. NAG(i) values decreased significantly over time in treated nonazotemic cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Baseline NAG(i) did not differentiate azotemic from nonazotemic euthyroid cats. NAG(i) could be used to assess renal function during medical therapy allowing the clinician to adjust methimazole dosage accordingly. The combination of USG and T(4) could optimize identification of appropriate candidates for permanent treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Warfarin is, among drugs, considered to have a narrow therapeutic index for which individual bioequivalence has been suggested. To establish the propriety of "switching," an individual bioequivalence study involving a replicate-design study and three "switchings" in healthy subjects was undertaken using the U.S.-brand warfarin sodium tablet and a generic product. A randomized, single-center, open-label, single-dose, four-way crossover replicate bioequivalence study was performed in 24 healthy male volunteers in which each subject received the same 5 mg warfarin test and reference tablets twice on different occasions under fasting conditions. Concentrations of warfarin in plasma were measured by a validated specific HPLC method. The individual pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with test and reference products were compared using pooled data and Liu's method. Bioequivalence was shown with both average and individual bioequivalence methods. The individual bioequivalence assessment did not show a subject-by-formulation interaction, nor did it add value to the bioequivalence assessment of warfarin.

The tensor polarization of the recoil deuteron in elastic electron-deuteron scattering has been measured at the Bates Linear Accelerator Center at three values of four-momentum transfer, Q = 3.78, 4.22, and 4.62 fm-1, corresponding to incident electron energies of 653, 755, and 853 MeV. The scattered electrons and the recoil deuterons were detected in coincidence. The recoil deuterons were transported to a liquid hydrogen target to undergo a second scattering. The angular distribution of the d-p scattering was measured using a polarimeter. The polarimeter was calibrated in an auxiliary experiment using a polarized deuteron beam at the Laboratoire National Saturne. A Monte Carlo procedure was used to generate interpolated calibration data because the energy spread in the deuteron energies in the Bates experiment spanned the range of deuteron energies in the calibration experiment. The extracted Values of t20 are compared to predictions of different theoretical models of the electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron: nonrelativistic and relativistic nucleon-meson dynamics, Skyrme model, quark models, and perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Along with the world data on the structure functions A(Q) and B(Q), they are used to separate the charge monopole and charge quadrupole form factors of the deuteron. A node in the charge monopole form factor is observed at Q = 4.39 +/- 0.16 fm-1.

Tensor analyzing powersiT11,T20,T21 andT22, have been measured for deuteron laboratory energiesE lab d =75, 85, 95, 106, 119, 131, 144, 156, 172, and 187 MeV. The data are compared to rigorous Faddeev calculations with realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials. A generally good description of the data at all energies is obtained.

Differential cross section measurements for the radiative capture reaction p(n,d)γ at 0°–3° laboratory angle and neutron energies of 360, 410 and 460 MeV (corresponding to photon lab energies of 182.5, 207.7 and 232.5 MeV for the inverse reaction) have been made using the TRIUMF medium resolution spectrometer. These data complement measured photo-disintegration differential cross sections at forward angles in this energy range and are the first capture cross sections at 0° above the pion-production energy threshold. The results are in qualitative agreement with three recent theoretical treatments of this reaction.

A recent experiment, measuring the spin correlation parameter Ann in neutron-proton elastic scattering to a precision of ±0.03 at several energies in the range 200 to 500 MeV, required the polarization of the proton frozen-spin target used in the experiment to be known to an accuracy of ±2%. The calibration of the polarization of the frozen-spin target was accomplished through an experiment interleaved with the Ann experiment. An unpolarized proton beam, of an intensity comparable to the intensity of the neutron beam in the Ann experiment, was scattered at 24° (lab.) from the frozen-spin target at energies of 468 and 501 MeV. From the measured left-right asymmetries and knowledge of the proton-proton analyzing powers, Ay(24°, 468 MeV) = 0.4087±0.0060 and Ay(24°, 501 MeV) = 0.4204±0.0059, the target polarizations could be deduced. The weighted average of the ratios of the target polarization deduced in the scattering experiment and obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance measurements was found to be Pt(scattering)/Pt(NMR) = 0.962±0.008(stat)±0.021(sys)±0.014(sys) at 468 MeV and 0.950±0.005(stat)±0.020(sys)±0.013(sys) at 501 MeV. By dividing the target cell holding the butanol beads, as illuminated by the incident proton beam, in three parts (top, middle, and bottom), a determination of the average polarization for each of the three parts was made. A clear decrease of the polarization going from the top to the bottom of the target cell was found.

A new type of deuteron polarimeter to work in the energy range 120 < Ed < 250 MeV has been designed, constructed, and calibrated. The figure of merit (√ϵTkq) has been determined for various polarization components from the calibration data.

The effect of isospin-violating, charge-symmetry-breaking (CSB) terms in the np interaction has been observed at TRIUMF by measuring the difference in the zero-crossing angles of the neutron and proton analyzing powers, ${A}_{n}$ and ${A}_{p}$, at a neutron energy of 477 MeV. The scattering asymmetries were measured with a neutron beam incident on a polarizable proton target. To reduce systematic errors, interleaved measurements of ${A}_{n}$ and ${A}_{p}$ were made using the same beam and target (apart from their respective polarization states). Neutrons and protons were detected in coincidence in the center-of-mass angle range from 59\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The difference in zero-crossing angles was 0.340\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.162\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.058\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), which yields \ensuremath{\Delta}A\ensuremath{\equiv}${A}_{n}$-${A}_{p}$=0.0047\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0022 (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0008) using dA/d${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.=\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}0.013\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}82}$ ${\mathrm{deg}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The second errors represent systematic effects. This result is in good agreement with recent theoretical calculations which include CSB effects due to the np mass difference in \ensuremath{\pi}, \ensuremath{\rho}, and 2\ensuremath{\pi} exchange, electromagnetic coupling of the neutron anomalous magnetic moment to the proton current, \ensuremath{\rho}-\ensuremath{\omega}-meson mixing, and short- and medium-range effects of the up- and down-quark mass difference.

Recent measurements of charge symmetry breaking in the np system at 477 MeV, and of A00nn for np elastic scattering at 220, 325, and 425 MeV also yield accurate analyzing power data. These data allow the energy dependence of the analyzing power zero-crossing angle and the slope of the analyzing power at the zero-crossing angle to be determined. The incident neutron energies span a region where the zero-crossing angle is strongly energy dependent (En<250 MeV) to where it is almost independent of energy (En>350 MeV). The results are compared to current phase-shift analysis predictions, recently published data, and the predictions of the Bonn and Paris potentials.Received 2 June 1989DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.40.2406©1989 American Physical Society

In order to improve existing I=0 phase shift solutions, the spin correlation parameter ${A}_{\mathrm{NN}}$ and the analyzing powers ${A}_{0N}$ and ${A}_{N0}$ have been measured in n-p elastic scattering over an angular range of 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (c.m.) at three neutron energies (220, 325, and 425 MeV) to an absolute accuracy of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03. The data have a profound effect on various phase parameters, particularly the $^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}$, $^{3}\mathrm{D}_{2}$, and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$ phase parameters which in some cases change by almost a degree. With the exception of the highest energy, the data support the predictions of the latest version of the Bonn potential. Also, the analyzing power data (${A}_{0N}$ and ${A}_{N0}$) measured at 477 MeV in a different experiment over a limited angular range [60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (c.m.)] are reported here.