Phospholipase A2 Bothropstoxin-I (PLA2 BthTX-I) is a myotoxic Lys49-PLA2 from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. In order to evaluate the DNA damage caused by BthTX-I, we used the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster and Comet assay in HUVEC and DU-145 cells. For SMART, different concentrations of BthTX-I (6.72 to 430 μg/mL) were used and no significant changes in the survival rate were observed. Significant frequency of mutant spots was observed for the ST cross at the highest concentration of BthTX-I due to recombinogenic activity. In the HB cross, BthTX-I increased the number of mutant spots at intermediate concentrations, being 53.75 μg/mL highly mutagenic and 107.5 μg/mL predominantly recombinogenic. The highest concentrations were neither mutagenic nor recombinogenic, which could indicate cytotoxicity in the wing cells of D. melanogaster. In vitro, all BthTX-I concentrations (1 to 50 μg/mL) induced decrease in HUVEC cell viability, as well as in DU-145 cells at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL. The comet assay showed that in HUVEC and DU-145 cells, all BthTX-I concentrations promoted increase of DNA damage. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of PLA2 BthTX-I and its possible use in therapeutic strategies against cancer.

No cerrado brasileiro e observado uma grande biodiversidade vegetal, sendo a especie Hymenaea courbaril uma das especies mais frequentes. H. courbaril e conhecido como Jatobas, sendo caracterizadas por plantas que produzem frutos compridos em forma de vargens arredondadas, de cor escura, com sementes envolvidas por uma polpa amarelo-palida, farinacea, adocicada, comestivel de sabor e aroma caracteristicos. Embora jatobas sejam frequentes no cerrado brasileiro, seus representantes estao sendo rapidamente reduzidos em funcao da degradacao dos ecossistemas, que tem ao longo dos tempos sido intensificada. Devido ao seu grande valor economico, bem como sua importância ambiental, a propagacao de mudas em viveiro de H. courbaril e de suma importância no intuito de possibilitar a identidade das areas florestas em processos de reflorestamento ou recuperacao de areas degradadas. No entanto, a producao de mudas em larga escala necessita em muitos casos de estrategias para superar a dormencia natural das sementes. Nesse sentido, buscando acelerar o processo de germinacao pela superacao de dormencia, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar diferentes metodos artificiais no processo de quebra de dormencia de H. courbaril. Sementes de H. courbaril foram submetidas ao processo de escarificacao quimica por 15 minutos na concentracao de 100, 80, 60 e 40% de H2SO4. Escarificacao fisica foi aplicada na porcao lateral das sementes com auxilio de lixa. Tratamento termico foi realizado em sementes nas temperaturas de 100, 80 e 60°C. Foi aplicado tratamento de sementes por choque termico nas temperaturas de 100, 80 e 60°C por 15 minutos, seguido de imersao em agua corrente por 5 minutos. Foi observado melhores resultados de superacao de dormencia em sementes tratadas com choque termico (CT2 - 80°C), metodo termico (T2 - 80°C), escarificacao fisica (EF) e escarificacao quimica a 100% (EQ1). Em relacao a velocidade de germinacao os metodos CT2, T2 e EF se destacaram dos demais. Nessas condicoes experimentais testadas, o metodo por choque termico CT2 demostrou ser mais eficiente em todos os parâmetros analisados.

Objetivo: devido ao consumo rotineiro do café pela população brasileira, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial carcinogênico de diferentes concentrações do café (Coffea arabica), por meio do Teste para Detecção de Tumor Epitelial em Drosophila melanogaster. Métodos: para avaliar o efeito carcinogênico do café, larvas de 3° estágio descendentes do cruzamento entre fêmeas virgens wts/TM3, sb¹ e machos mwh/mwh foram tratadas com diferentes concentrações de café comercial (100; 50; 25; 12,5 e 6,26 mg/mL). Após a exposição (48h) e o processo de metamorfose, as moscas adultas foram analisadas quanto à presença de tumor epitelial, e os grupos tratados foram comparados com o controle negativo (água ultrapura). A toxicidade do café foi mensurada por meio da taxa de moscas que sobreviveram a etapa de metamorfose após exposição. Resultados: foi observado diferença estatisticamente significativa na taxa de sobrevivência (p < 0,05) e na frequência de tumor epitelial total (p < 0,05) em moscas tratadas com 100 mg/mL de café, quando comparado ao controle negativo. Conclusões: o café, na concentração de 100 mg/mL, foi tóxico e carcinogênico para D. melanogaster.

O Brasil representa um dos paises com maior biodiversidade, abrigando cerca de 30% da fauna e flora mundial. Dentre a ampla biodiversidade vegetal observada no cerrado brasileiro, destaca-se as especies Annona crassiflora, Caryocar brasiliense e Hymenaea courbaril. Tais especies apresentam relevante destaque em funcao da sua contribuicao na manutencao da biogecenose e em aspectos economicos, bem como sao apreciados em processos de recuperacao de areas degradas por atividades antropicas. Uma das etapas fundamentais em processos de recuperacao de areas degradadas corresponde a producao de mudas em viveiros em larga escala. No processo de producao de mudas de especies nativas, a superacao da dormencia de sementes tem sido um dos grandes desafios enfrentados. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes metodos artificiais no processo de superacao da dormencia de A. crassiflora, C. brasiliense e H. courbaril visando agregar conhecimento as tecnicas artificiais para producao de mudas nativas em viveiros. Para superacao de dormencia de sementes de A. crassiflora, foram empregados tratamentos termicos, choque termico, escarificacao quimica (H2SO4) e fisica, bem como imersao em acido giberelico (Ga3). Para superacao de dormencia de C. brasiliensis foram empregados tratamentos termicos, choque termico e imersao em Ga3 combinado com tratamento termico. Para superacao de dormencia de H. courbaril foram usados tratamentos termicos, choque termico, escarificacao quimica (H2SO4) e fisica. Nenhum dos tratamentos artificiais adotados para superacao de dormencia de A. crassiflora e C. brasiliense foram eficientes. Escarificacao quimica com 100% (73,33%) e 80% (76,63%) H2SO4 por 20 minutos de exposicao, tratamento termico na temperatura de 100°C (80,00% - 20 minutos de exposicao), bem como escarificacao fisica (73,35%) foram eficientes para superacao de dormencia de sementes de H. courbaril. Nas condicoes experimentais testadas e nos metodos utilizados, nao foram observados metodos eficazes para superar dormencia de A. crassiflora e C. brasiliensis. Metodos de escarificacao quimica e fisica, bem como abordagens termicas demonstraram ser efetivas para superacao de dormencia de H. courbaril.

Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency increases DNA damage, while supplementation may exert a pro-oxidant activity, prevent viral infections and formation of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of VD3 alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DXR) using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test and the Epithelial Tumor Test, both in Drosophila melanogaster. For better understanding of the molecular interactions of VD3 and receptors, in silico analysis were performed with molecular docking associated with molecular dynamics. Findings revealed that VD3 alone did not increase the frequency of mutant spots, but reduced the frequency of mutant spots when co-administered with DXR. In addition, VD3 did not alter the recombinogenic effect of DXR in both ST and HB crosses. VD3 alone did not increase the total frequency of tumor, but significantly reduced the total frequency of tumor when co-administered with DXR. Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics between calcitriol and Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) showed a stable interaction, indicating the possibility of signal transduction between VD3 and EcR. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, VD3 has modulatory effects on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity induced by DXR in somatic cells of D. melanogaster and exhibited satisfactory interactions with the EcR.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in several plant species. Urethane (URE) is a known promutagen. Here, we examine the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of BA alone or in combination with URE using the bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice bone marrow cells and the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test in Drosophila melanogaster. Findings revealed that BA alone was not genotoxic, but reduced the frequency of micronucleus when compared to the positive control. No significant differences were observed in the cytotoxicity. Biochemical analyzes showed no significant differences for liver (AST and ALT) or renal (creatinine and urea) function parameters, indicating the absence of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. BA alone did not increase the frequency of mutant spots, but reduced the total frequency of mutant spots when co-administered with URE in both ST and HB crosses. In addition, BA reduced the recombinogenic effect of URE at the highest concentrations of both crosses. In conclusion, under experimental conditions, BA has modulatory effects on the genotoxicity induced by URE in mice, as well as in somatic cells of D. melanogaster. We suggest that the modulatory effects of BA may be mainly due to its antioxidant and apoptotic properties.

O Brasil possui atualmente um dos mais baixos indices de analfabetismo do mundo. Porem configura-se um dos piores sistemas educacionais de acordo com o PISA. Diante desse cenario, acreditamos que os alunos brasileiros possuem o habito erroneo de estudo, sendo que a grande maioria se prepara paras as avaliacoes impostas pelo calendario de provas, o mais proximo possivel de aplicacao das mesmas (geralmente no dia ou um dia antes). Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo, avaliar a maneira como os alunos do Ensino Medio se organizam em suas atividades escolares, bem como verificar o porcentual de armazenamento de memoria a longo prazo, frente aos sistemas avaliativos impostos pelo sistema educacional brasileiro. A pesquisa foi conduzida em duas escolas, sendo uma de rede publica (EP) e a outra privada (EPA). Foi aplicado um questionario, objetivando avaliar a organizacao diaria dos alunos destinadas ao estudo.

Antiparasitic substances are chemicals used to control or kill endoparasites and ectoparasites. Based on the premise that Ivermectin (IVM) and Amoxicillin (AMX) are commonly considered in parasitic control in mammals, the present study aimed to evaluate the carcinogenic and genotoxic potential of different concentrations of IVM and AMX through the detection of epithelial tumor test in Drosophila melanogaster. Third-instar larvae descending from the cross between wts/TM3, Sb1 females and mwh/mwh males were treated with different concentrations of IVM (2.9, 5.8, 11.6 and 23.2 x 10-17 mM) or AMX (1.37, 2.74, 5.48 and 10.9 x 10-16mM). The results revealed that IVM increased the frequency of epithelial tumor in D. melanogaster considering all evaluated concentrations, while AMX showed no carcinogenic effect. Furthermore, the Micronucleus (MN) test in Tradescantia pallida was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of IVM and AMX. T. pallida individuals were exposed for 8 hours at different concentrations of IVM (5.71, 11.42, 22.84 and 45.68 x 10-5mM) or AMX (5.13, 10.26, 20.52 and 41.05 x 10-3mM). Findings showed an increase in the frequency of micronuclei in T. pallida treated with 11.42, 22.84 and 45.68 x 10-5mM of IVM. We conclude that chronic exposure to IVM is directly associated with events resulting from genetic instability (genotoxicity and carcinogenicity). On the other hand, AMX was neither carcinogenic nor genotoxic for D. melanogaster and T. pallida.

The aim of the present study was to appraise the mutagenic and recombinogenic potential of bupropion hydrochloride (BHc) and trazodone hydrochloride (THc). We used standard (ST) and the high bioactivation (HB) crossings from Drosophila melanogaster in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. We treated third-instar larvae from both crossings with different concentrations of BHc and THc (0.9375 to 7.5 mg/mL). BHc significantly increased the frequency of mutant spots in both crossings, except for the lowest concentration in the ST crossing. ST had also the mostly recombinogenic result, and in the HB, BHc was highly mutagenic. On the other hand, Mc significantly increased the frequency of mutant spots in both the ST and HB crossings at all concentrations. The three initial concentrations were recombinogenic and the highest concentration was mutagenic for the THc. BHc and THc at high concentrations were toxic, even though their mutagenicity was not dose-related. THc significantly increased the frequency of mutant spots when metabolized, probably as a result of the production of 1-(3'-chlorophenyl) piperazine. BHc was essentially recombinogenic and when metabolized, it became mutagenic. The was recombinogenic in both crossings. Further studies are needed to clarify the action mechanisms from BHc and THc.

Spinosad is a naturally-occurring insecticide used for the management of Ae. aegypti larvae. The assessment of ecotoxicological parameters of spinosad is required for verifying the environmentally-friendly behavior of the compound and for evaluating toxicity values on non-target species. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct toxicity tests using Daphnia magna as model organism after exposure to different concentrations of spinosad. Immobility effects were observed in both acute and chronic toxicity tests at the concentration of 2.5 μg/L, and D. magna exhibited an EC50-48 h of 4.1 μg/L and EC50-7d of 9.3 μg/L. Also, the reproductive test showed a significant increase in the time of first reproduction and decrease in the number of neonates per female. However, due to the rapid decay of spinosad, other reproductive parameters were not markedly affected. Thereby, considering the satisfactory control performance against Aedes aegypti, a 100-fold lower concentration of spinosad can be used against the larvae, and owing to the residual efficacy observed, the application of the pesticide in the field may be rationalized while offering environmental safety.

Spinosad (SPN) is a naturally-occurring insecticide obtained from the fermentation process of the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Owing to the larvicidal action, the compound has been used in the control of Aedes aegypti. As a new insecticide commercially available in the market, few data are reported on genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic effect of SPN through the Micronucleus Test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN) and using the mutation and somatic recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster (SMART). At the Trad-MCN, after acclimatization (24 h), T. pallida stems were submitted to chronic treatment with SPN at concentrations of 0.156; 0.312; 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5 g/L solution for 24 h, followed by a recovery period. In SMART, considering the third stage larvae, offspring resulting from the ST and HB crossing were placed on chronic treatment (48 h) with 0.039; 0.078 and 0.156 μg/mL of SPN solution. No mutagenic effect was observed at any of the evaluated concentrations in SMART. Additionally, SPN is more toxic after metabolism via CYP6A2 (cytochrome P450) in D. melanogaster. However, SPN at the concentrations of 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5 g/L was able to induce high frequency of micronuclei in T. pallida. Under the experimental conditions of T. pallida in the present study, SPN caused genotoxic activity.

Water pollution and the increase in genotoxic consequences in aquatic environments are well documented indicating the necessity and importance of biomonitoring programs. The objective of the present study was to determine the environmental quality of water resources and genotoxic potential of materials present within water samples obtained from the Perdizes River and the Mumbuca Stream, located in a region of discharge of wastewater treatment effluents using Tradescantia micronucleus assay (Trad - MCN). Water samples were collected from different locations up and downstream of the wastewater treatment plant during rainy season and subsequently submitted to physico-chemical analysis and Trad-MCN bioassay. The spatial distribution of the physico-chemical parameters assessed suggested that discharges of wastewater treatment effluents reduced water quality at all sites examined. Further, exposure to wastewater treatment effluents produced genotoxic effects on tetrads of Tradescantia pallida. These results reinforce the sensitivity of the Trad-MCN bioassay and its potential application in water quality monitoring programs concomitant with physicochemical evaluation.

Sementes que nao germinam sob determinadas condicoes sao consideradas dormentes. Tecnologia de sementes, buscam superar a quebra de dormencia por meio de diferentes processos artificiais, objetivando acelerar o processo de germinacao do embriao. Ormosia arborea e uma planta endemica brasileira ameacada de extincao, que mesmo apresentando grande producao de sementes viaveis anualmente, tendem a apresentar dormencia consideravel, devido sobretudo, a rigidez do tegumento. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de aceleramento de quebra de dormencia de O. arborea por diferentes metodos de tratamentos artificiais. Sementes de O. arborea foram submetidas ao processo de escarificacao quimica por 10 minutos na concentracao de 100, 80, 60 e 40% de H2SO4. Escarificacao fisica foi aplicada na porcao lateral das sementes com auxilio de lixa. Tratamento termico foi realizado em sementes nas temperaturas de 100, 80, 60 e 40°C. Foi aplicado tratamento de sementes por choque termico nas temperaturas de 100, 80, 60 e 40°C por 10 minutos, seguido de imersao em agua corrente por 5 minutos. Os resultados indicam que a escarificacao quimica por H2SO4 nas concentracoes de 80, 60 e 40%, bem como a escarificacao fisica sao mais eficientes no processo de aceleracao na taxa de germinacao. Concluimos que a escarificacao fisica e quimica compreendem metodos viaveis para superar a dormencia de Ormosia arborea.

Averrhoa carambola, conhecida popularmente como carambola e uma arvore pertencente a familia das Oxalidacea, nativa da India, que foi introduzida no Brasil em 1817, como fitoterapico estimulador de apetite, febrifugo e antidiuretico. Embora haja dados toxicologicos sobre o fruto, no momento, nao existe dados pautados na genetica toxicologica em nenhum organismo e em nenhum sistema teste. Partindo da premissa que o fruto e comumente consumido no pais, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a capacidade genotoxica do extrato aquoso de A. carambola, por meio do teste do micronucleo em Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MN). Apos aclimatizacao (24h) em solucao de Hoagland, T. pallida foram submetidas ao tratamento com 100, 50; 25 e 12,5% de extrato aquoso de A. carambola (suco concentrado de todas as partes do fruto), por 24 h. Em seguida as hastes de T. pallida foram submetidas etapa de recuperacao. As inflorescencias jovens das hastes foram colhidas e fixadas em solucao Carnoy e, apos 24 horas, foram conservadas em etanol 70% ate o momento das analises. As anteras obtidas dos botoes coletados foram maceradas sobre lâminas para microscopia, coradas com corante carmim acetico e em seguida cobertas com laminulas e analisadas em microscopia optica. Nenhuma das concentracoes de A. carambola deferiu do controle negativo (p > 0,05). Nas condicoes experimentais testadas e em T. pallida, o extrato aquoso de A. carambola nao apresentou efeito genotoxico. Mais estudos precisam ser feitos, objetivando a obtencao de mais dados sobre a toxicocinetica dos componentes fitotoxicos do fruto.

Neonicotinoids and phenylpyrazoles are classes of neurotoxic insecticides which are able to bind at different ligand sites of neural receptors, leading to the deregulation of insect neural activity and hence resulting in death. The misuse or indiscriminate use of these chemicals is directly associated with several toxicological effects in biota and at different trophic levels. Based on this premise, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the genotoxic capacity of different concentrations of thiamethoxam (TMX), acetamiprid (ACP), imidacloprid (IMI) and fipronil (FP) through the Micronucleus Test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN). After acclimatization (24 h), T. pallida stems were treated with stablished concentrations of TMX, ACP, IMI and FP for 8 h. Then, the stems of the model organism were submitted to a recovery phase (24 h). The young inflorescences were harvested and fixed in Carnoy solution and, after 24 h, were conserved in ethanol 70% until the analyzes. The obtained anthers were macerated on slides for microscopy, stained with acetic carmine dye and covered with coverslips before analysis by light microscopy. Considering the insecticides, the micronuclei (MN) frequency in plants treated at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 g L-1 for TMX, 0.2; 0.4 and 0.8 g L-1 for ACP, 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.6 g L-1 for IMI and 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.6 g L-1 for FP differed statistically (p < 0.05, Tukey) from the MN frequency of the negative control. All chemicals evaluated revealed genotoxic activity in T. pallida at the highest concentrations. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Physico-chemical and toxicological analyses are of fundamental importance to determine water quality. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of samples from the Mumbuca Stream and the Perdizes River, through both SMART and the wts test, respectively, in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster and to quantify the amount of heavy metals and other pollutants, which are indicative of environmental quality. Water samples were collected (M1, M2, P1, P2 and MP) and submitted to physico-chemical analysis, calculating the water quality index for each sampling site. In order to evaluate the toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the samples, third instar larvae descended from the crossing between virgin female wts/TM3, sb1 and mwh/mwh males (wts test) and ST and HB (SMART) crosses were treated with samples from P1, P2, M1, M2 and MP sites. The physico-chemical analysis and the biological assay allowed us to conclude that undetected values for heavy metals and the low frequency of mutant spots (SMART) and epithelial tumor (wts) in treated flies from the Mumbuca Stream and Perdizes River may be due to the reduction of ceramic activities in the municipality. The physico-chemical analyzes identified altered the environmental quality parameters, which directly influenced the survival of D. melanogaster treated with samples of M2 and MP, which according to the WQI were classified as regular and poor environmental quality, respectively. The altered parameters may be due to clandestine domestic sewage sent downstream of the effluent.

The aim of this study was to determine ecotoxicological parameters for biomonitoring of environmental risk of native soils from a ceramic industrial area that had been contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) by using the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Initially, lab tests were conducted to compare earthworm (Eisenia fetida) growth, survival, morphology, behavior, and reproduction rates following exposure to six concentrations of contaminated soil at 0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, or 100% mixed in artificial soil and cow dung following a 28-d incubation period. The second experiment consisted of utilizing Eisenia fetida in a predetermined lowest observed effect concentration to measure heavy metals bioaccumulation from superficial soil collected from a ceramic industrial area following a 56-d exposure. Data demonstrated that in the lab earthworms maintained at 6.25% of contaminated soil, exhibited significant increase in mean weight, bioaccumulation of Cd and Cr associated with a significant decrease in the amount of Cd and Cr in the soil. At field testing, similar results that were observed as in the lab as evidenced by rise in mean weight, higher levels of Cd and Cr in the earthworm tissue accompanied by significant fall in soil levels of Cd and Cr. In conclusion, at tested relevant environmental concentrations, the use of Eisenia fetida for assessing ecotoxicological risk arising from contaminated soil due to ceramic industrial pollutant emissions was found to be an effective tool for biomonitoring program.

Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) is a pollinator of various native and cultivated plants. Because of the expansion of agriculture and the need to ensure pest control, the use of insecticides such as fipronil (FP) has increased. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sublethal doses of FP insecticide on M. scutellaris at different time intervals (6, 12, and 24 h) after exposure, via individually analyzed behavioral biomarkers (locomotor activity, behavioral change) as well as the effect of FP on different brain structures of bees (mushroom bodies, antennal cells, and optic cells), using sub-individual cell biomarkers (heterochromatin dispersion, total nuclear and heterochromatic volume). Forager bees were collected when they were returning to the nest and were exposed to three different concentrations of FP (0.40, 0.040, and 0.0040 ng a.i/bee) by topical application. The results revealed a reduction in the mean velocity, lethargy, motor difficulty, paralysis, and hyperexcitation in all groups of bees treated with FP. A modification of the heterochromatic dispersion pattern and changes in the total volume of the nucleus and heterochromatin were also observed in the mushroom bodies (6, 12, and 24 h of exposure) and antennal lobes (6 and 12 h) of bees exposed to 0.0040 ng a.i/bee (LD50/100). FP is toxic to M. scutellaris and impairs the essential functions required for the foraging activity.

A epilepsia e uma das doencas neurologicas de maior incidencia em todo mundo. Mesmo com o avanco nas industrias farmaceuticas, nos paises desenvolvidos, 65 a 80% da populacao faz uso de plantas para fins medicinais. Dentre as especies vegetais, a camomila Matriacaria recutita se destaca pelas suas propriedades medicinais. Em funcao do uso comum de camomila pela populacao, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar o efeito do extrato de camomila sobre a crise epileptica de Drosophila melanogaster mutante da linhagem bang senseless (bss¹). Moscas bss¹ foram tratadas com solucao do extrato de camomila nas concentracoes de 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL e 2,5 mg/mL durante 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas de exposicao. Moscas bss¹ tratadas com agua ultrapura foram usadas como controle positivo. As moscas foram filmadas, e o tempo que cada grupo tratado com camomila levou para voltar da crise foi registrado e comparado com o controle positivo. Neste trabalho tambem foi avaliado a toxicidade do extrato de camomila. Foi evidenciado efeito toxico do extrato de camomila na concentracao de 10 mg/mL nos tempos 48 e 72 horas. Nao foi observado reducao da crise epileptica em moscas bss¹ tratadas com o extrato de camomila em nenhum intervalo de tempo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epilepsia; Camomila, bss¹.