Research on cybervictimization focuses on a variety of behaviors. The present study focuses on four behaviors: hacking, having obscene photos shared, bullying, and stalking/trespass to test the Lifestyles Routine Activities Theory (LRAT). Much of the research on cybervictimization uses LRAT to help explain how some groups of individuals are susceptible to becoming victims. We surveyed young adults, aged 18–25, using a paid Qualtrics sample and a convenience sample from a southern university. Using binominal logistic regression, we test the likelihood of victimization across the various behaviors and with the three main elements of LRAT, motivated offender, suitable target, and absence a capable guardian. We found that online dating was the most likely way to be exposed to a motivated offender, that visiting explicit websites made one a suitable target, and knowing how to set privacy settings helped guard against victimization.

Nativism and racism have long been looked at as separate ideological frameworks. More recent scholarship has fused these two concepts together to form racist nativism (Huber et al. in Contemp Justice Rev 11:39–51, 2008; Lippard in Sociol Compass 5:591–606, 2011). As racism scholars have also established the construct of color-blind racism (Bonilla-Silva in Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America. Rowan and Littlefield, New York, 2018; Lippard in Soc Curr 3:24–42, 2016), I explore how racist nativism can operate with a color-blind approach using participant observation and in-depth interviews with a civilian border patrol group in Arizona. I apply a color-blind racist nativism framework to explore members’ anti-immigrant beliefs and actions toward undocumented immigrants crossing the US–Mexico border from Mexico and Central America. By applying Lippard’s (2011) framework, I find evidence of color-blind racist nativism. Through three themes, members justify finding and deporting immigrants without ever explicitly mentioning race but demonstrating racist and nativist views.

Through case study analyses a small body of research has focused on the role the internet plays in radicalizing potential lone wolf terrorists. However, scholars have yet to examine how internet connectivity influences terrorism cross-nationally. Thus, this project attempts to address that limitation. This paper examines the effect internet connectivity has on domestic terrorism in 80 democracies from 1992-2012. Using standard controls and multiple connectivity indicators, we find that greater connectivity is associated with increased domestic terrorism. However, the effects of internet connectivity on domestic terrorism are conditioned by levels of state wealth and domestic turmoil within democracies.

The purpose of this essay is to present a theoretically informed and operationally useful definition of cyberterrorism to advance research in the fields of terrorism and cyberscience as well as to inform policy makers. The operationalization distinguishes terrorist events that are distinctly and fundamentally cyber in nature from those that are not. It frames cyberterrorism as a form of aggression and distinguishes it from other forms of cyber aggression: cyberwar, cyber espionage, cybercrime, and cyber mischief. The essay includes illustrative cases to identify key features of cyberterrorist events relative to other cyber and non-cyber aggression and concludes with a clear process to classify cyber aggression as cyberterrorism or not.