Esse trabalho coletivo incorpora onze posicoes sobre as implicacoes do “Mapa do Conhecimento da Ciencia da Informacao”, um estudo critico Delphi conduzido de 2003 a 2005 e publicado em uma serie de quatro artigos (ZINS, 2007a, b, c, d). O estudo Delphi capturou as deliberacoes de 57 lideres academicos em Ciencia da Informacao de 16 paises para fornecer: 1) definicoes de conceitos fundamentais de dados, informacao, conhecimento e mensagem; 2) concepcoes alternativas em relacao ao dominio da Ciencia da Informacao; 3) diferentes mapeamentos classificatorios da area; e 4) mapeamento compreensivo da Ciencia da Informacao. Em geral, o Mapa do Conhecimento fornece um diagnostico atual da area, retratando as questoes do Seculo XXI, que pode auxiliar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras, programas educacionais, publicacoes e outras perspectivas profissionais e academicas. Esse tipo de pesquisa de mapeamento sobre a Ciencia da Informacao deveria ser feito periodicamente, incluindo estudos Delphi e avaliacoes do grau de expansao da area e provavel divisao em subareas. Metodologias alternativas para mapear a expansao do universo da Ciencia da Informacao e suas sinergias com outras areas do conhecimento, tambem, deveriam ser exploradas.

Esse trabalho coletivo incorpora onze posições sobre as implicações do “Mapa do Conhecimento da Ciência da Informação”, um estudo crítico Delphi conduzido de 2003 a 2005 e publicado em uma série de quatro artigos (ZINS, 2007a, b, c, d). O estudo Delphi capturou as deliberações de 57 líderes acadêmicos em Ciência da Informação de 16 países para fornecer: 1) definições de conceitos fundamentais de dados, informação, conhecimento e mensagem; 2) concepções alternativas em relação ao domínio da Ciência da Informação; 3) diferentes mapeamentos classificatórios da área; e 4) mapeamento compreensivo da Ciência da Informação. Em geral, o Mapa do Conhecimento fornece um diagnóstico atual da área, retratando as questões do Século XXI, que pode auxiliar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras, programas educacionais, publicações e outras perspectivas profissionais e acadêmicas. Esse tipo de pesquisa de mapeamento sobre a Ciência da Informação deveria ser feito periodicamente, incluindo estudos Delphi e avaliações do grau de expansão da área e provável divisão em subáreas. Metodologias alternativas para mapear a expansão do universo da Ciência da Informação e suas sinergias com outras áreas do conhecimento, também, deveriam ser exploradas.

This collective paper incorporates eleven position papers on implications of the "Knowledge Map of Information Science,” a Critical Delphi study conducted in 2003-2005 and published as a series of four articles (ZINS, 2007 a, b, c, d). The Delphi study captured the deliberations of 57 leading information science scholars from 16 countries to provide (1) definitions of the fundamental concepts of data, information knowledge and message, (2) alternative conceptions of the broad information science domain, (3) different classificatory mappings of the field, and (4) comprehensive mappings of information science. Overall, the Knowledge Map provides an early 21st century snapshot of the field that should help guide future research, educational programming, publishing, and other professional and scholarly thrusts. Future information science mapping research should be done periodically, including additional Delphi studies and assessments of the degree of the field’s expansion and probable division into sub-fields. Alternative methodologies for mapping the expanding information science universe and its synergies with other fields of knowledge should also be explored.

Analyzing the collective opinion of presumed experts, often termed a per- ception study, is a frequently used approach for rating journals or evaluating education programs. Replicating the 1985 Kohl-Davis study, seventy-one library and information science (LIS) journals are ranked according to their mean rating on a 1 to 5 ordinal scale by deans of ALA-accredited educa- tion programs and by the directors of ARL libraries (surveyed during the summer of 2003). Comparison of the results with the 1985 study found considerable continuity in journal perceptions over the past two decades, but more so by directors than deans. A weak to moderate correlation was found between deans' ratings and Journal Citation Reports citation scores, whereas the correlations between directors' perceptions and citation data were weak to nonexistent. The findings confirm a hierarchy of prestige among LIS journals, but the hierarchical order differs somewhat between deans and directors.

Analyzing the collective opinion of presumed experts, often termed a perception study, is a frequently used approach for rating journals or evaluating education programs. Replicating the 1985 Kohl–Davis study, seventy-one library and information science (LIS) journals are ranked according to their mean rating on a 1 to 5 ordinal scale by deans of ALA-accredited education programs and by the directors of ARL libraries (surveyed during the summer of 2003). Comparison of the results with the 1985 study found considerable continuity in journal perceptions over the past two decades, but more so by directors than deans. A weak to moderate correlation was found between deans’ ratings and Journal Citation Reports citation scores, whereas the correlations between directors’ perceptions and citation data were weak to nonexistent. The findings confirm a hierarchy of prestige among LIS journals, but the hierarchical order differs somewhat between deans and directors.

The panel will discuss the findings of a two year (2003–2005) study conducted by Dr. Chaim Zins, Bar-Ilan University, Israel and supported by the Israel Science Foundation. The purpose of the study was to identify the various concepts of Information Science towards the goal of developing a knowledge map (ontology) of the science. Towards this end, the objective of the research was identify and sharpen disagreements and hopefully neutralize biases. The Critical Delphi method was used to map the various concepts that permeate the field. The study consisted of three successive round of structured, comprehensive questionnaires that were sent to 40 international leading scholars in the field of Information Science. The attempt to develop an encompassing concept that would define the objectives and properties of information science has a long history. There are two different approaches that can be differentiated as the result of the research. One approach centers its attention on the necessary and sufficient properties of the science (metaphysical vs. non- metaphysical). This approach attempts to identify the intrinsic properties of the science in contrast to the extrinsic (functional) properties. There is general agreement as to the inherent difficulties that are encountered in defense of this approach. The study focused on non-metaphysical approaches. The non-metaphysical approach directed its attention to information as being a property of all organisms. The focus on this approach is that Data, information, knowledge are properties of human, mental phenomena. In this approach there is direct attention to the distinction among various types of knowledge as practical, acquaintance, propositional, inferential and non-inferential - Few respondents to the survey relate Information Science to biological phenomena but most ignored it. - Most respondents did not respond to differential terminological distinctions applied to knowledge. Yet, interest centered on propositional knowledge vs. all other distinctions. Survey revealed a general acceptance of data, information and knowledge as personal, inherent mental properties of humans in contrast to data, information and knowledge as embodied in physical objects. These findings suggest four models that can be applied for the construct of meaning of data, information and knowledge, both in the subjective and objective domain that could have permeated the attention of the respondents: -Data can be both internal and external phenomena; knowledge internal -Data and Information as external; knowledge-internal phenomena. -Data are external; information and knowledge internal phenomena. - Data-information-Knowledge in the subjective and objective domain, as internal phenomena. Concept of Information Science. Fifty responded to this section of the survey (explored phenomena). The findings of this segment of the survey may be considered important in addressing the functional prominence of information science as resting on documentation vs. computation. Distinction between the words “data”, “information”, “knowledge” and “meaning” is unclear in their usage. Domain: The domain of the science is uncertain. This relates to the points of emphasis of the science as to its attention to theoretical and functional objectives (technological managerial applications; library and information management systems, ethic, privacy, etc). Scope: Does the science of information attempt to understand the importance in the distinctions in the terminology and applications which concern day to day activity, or, does it concern itself with the broader aspects of Information Science, as a science, and its relationship to other sciences? Six views, as properties of information science, emerged from the data collected from the survey. These are provided in Figure 1: The author of this research subscribes to the culture model. From the survey data collected, eight categories describe the knowledge map of Information Science: Foundations Resources Environments Organizations Contents Technologies Operations and Processes Users A Map of Conceptions of Information Science Among the various issues that the panel will discuss are the following. The conceptions of IS; The interraltions of IS and related fields(e.g., library science, and computer science); The classification of IS knowledge domain into key facts; The disciplines that establish the theoretical foundations of IS(e.g., anthropology, communications, computer science, economics.linguistics, mathematics, philosophy(epistemology, ethics, and philosophy of science),psychology, and sociology); Taxonomies of IS research methodologies; Toxemias of information resources, media, and information technologies; Taxonomies of information environments; and information organizations; Taxonomies of users; and Taxonomies of search strategies, methods, and tactics. The thirst for the ideal model of Information Science serves to aid not only in the understanding of the nature and purpose of Information Science but also in developing research programs and education. This report of the survey conducted by Dr. Chaim Zins and presented to the panel for scrutiny is an attempt in that direction. The knowledge map that was developed identified 30 classifications schemes that include eight major categories. This suggests the broad scope of the science.

In 2019, four strong earthquakes of Mw>6.4 occurred successively in Mindanao, Philippines. Based on the reports from the USGS and PHIVOLCS, these earthquakes were dominated by strike-slip ruptures. Whether these earthquakes are temporally and spatially related remained unknown. We characterized the coseismic displacement fields during the earthquake sequence using an InSAR technique with Sentinel-1 SAR data. The InSAR deformation measurements convincingly reveal that the four earthquakes produced distinct coseismic displacement patterns. We estimated the source parameters of the earthquakes with a two-step inversion strategy. The optimal model suggests that the earthquake sequence resulted from the reactivation of a conjugate fault structure that involves two nearly vertical left-lateral strike-slip faults and two high-angle right-lateral strike-slip faults. We calculated Coulomb stress changes from the earthquake sequence, suggesting that the previous strong earthquakes had significant stress-encouraging effects on the following events. The regional velocities based on the GPS analysis suggest that the formation of this conjugate structure is mainly due to the westward movement of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate. This earthquake sequence provides a seismotectonic background for subsequent strong earthquakes and helps to better understand the formation mechanisms and seismotectonic implications of conjugate structure rupturing.