In order to effectively degrade tetracycline (TC), a novel B i PO 4 / B i 2 F e 4 O 9 photocatalytic composite was created in this study. When compared to several bismuth-based photocatalytic materials, the system demonstrated excellent degradation activity. PMS is activated under visible light irradiation. System B i PO 4 / B i 2 F e 4 O 9 /PMS/Vis removes 89.3% of TC in 60 min. Based on the energy band structures of B i 2 F e 4 O 9 and B i PO 4 , the catalytic efficiency of the composites could be explained by type Z heterojunction mechanism. Superoxide radicals and holes are the primary causes of TC degradation, as shown by experiments using electron paramagnetic resonance and free radical entrapment. In addition, the system B i PO 4 / B i 2 F e 4 O 9 /PMS/Vis maintained its high degradation capacity and pristine composition after multiple recycling. The reaction system's TC degradation was not considerably impacted by pH, anions, or ionic strength. The TC degradation intermediates demonstrated a noteworthy decrease in toxicity within the BPFO-10/PMS/Vis system, hence guaranteeing the intermediates' safe conversion. These findings highlight the significant potential of the novel bismuth-based photocatalytic composite for degrading emerging pollutants in wastewater.

The intensification of organic matter pollution is a critical issue in lake eutrophication research. Typically for macrophyte-dominated lakes of cold-arid regions, the increasing organic matter pollution, aggravating eutrophication status, and intensifying global changes amplify uncertainties in the evolution of lake ecosystems. This study investigates seasonal migration and transformation mechanisms of organic matter in Lake Ulansuhai, a macrophyte-dominated cold-arid eutrophic lake. Our findings revealed that Lake Ulansuhai exhibits persistently high organic matter concentrations in water and sediment, with dissolved organic matter dominating in the water column. Unlike subtropical lakes, organic matter burial in Lake Ulansuhai was significantly higher, peaking in winter, while mineralization occurred throughout spring, summer, and autumn. Summer conditions—elevated temperatures and algal-sourced organic matter—further accelerated mineralization. In addition, the accumulation of algal-sourced organic matter in the sediment and rapid consumption of algal-sourced organic matter in the water suggests an escalating trend in algal blooms. The warming trend of the area might intensify mineralization of buried organic matter through earlier ice melt and higher seasonal temperatures. These processes would in turn increase carbon emissions and promote a potential trend of transitioning to an algal-dominated turbid state. Future studies should give more focus on these accelerated organic matter cycling processes in similar cold-arid eutrophic lakes under an intensified global change trend.

In a large eutrophic lake, the littoral zone is normally an area with high-density elevated aquatic plant life, including algal blooms, where the presence of reed wetlands allows the accumulation of algae. In this study, the impact of accumulated algal blooms in reed wetlands in the littoral zones of Chaohu Lake was investigated seasonally from 2018 to 2019. The concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were much higher in the reed-covered littoral zones (RCLZ) than in the unvegetated littoral zones (ULZ), indicating that more algal biomass was trapped and accumulated in the RCLZ. Algal biomass could be horizontally transported to downwind littoral zones under low wind speeds, favoring the establishment of blooms. Algal accumulation levels were highest in summer due to high water temperatures and algal biomasses. Likewise, the northern littoral zones were conducive to the development of large algal blooms because of the wind pattern. The values of TN, TP, Chl a, and loss on ignition in surface sediments were higher in the RCLZ than in the ULZ. Moreover, the diffusive fluxes of ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus were also higher in the RCLZ than in the ULZ. Considering the capability of reed wetlands to trap algae, mechanical salvage and other physical methods should be adopted to eliminate algal biomass when massive blooms accumulate in the RCLZ.

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a key component of organic matter that contributes to the ecological functioning of lakes. The lakes in Taihu Lake Basin play an important role in maintaining regional ecological stabilities; however, the optical characteristics of the CDOM in the upstream and downstream lakes in this basin have not yet been systematically studied. Here, the optical characteristics of CDOM in ten lakes of upstream and downstream of the Taihu Lake Basin were studied using UV-Visible and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopies. Three different fluorophores consisting of two humic-like components (C1, C2) and one protein-like component (C3) were identified by parallel factor analysis. Soil or surface erosion was responsible for the higher abundance of C1 in the upstream lakes, and increased biological activities accounted for the higher abundance of C3 in the downstream lakes. Rainfall erosion in the wet season led to an increase in CDOM. We also found that the photodegradation and flocculation degree, which played a significant role in reducing CDOM, were higher in downstream lakes than in upstream lakes. Optical analysis of CDOM provides a promising method for monitoring water qualities (e.g., total phosphorus and potassium permanganate index) in each lake. Reductions in soil or surface erosion in the upstream are needed to improve water quality.

目的 对航空制造业装配操作者的疲劳检测方法进行研究,并对疲劳监测设备提出设计策略.方法 以人为中心的设计概念为基础,运用实证法,通过对新手操作者和熟练操作者的肌电信号和主观疲劳程度进行采集,整体地分析生理和主观评价的数据,对操作者的疲劳进行评估.结果 得出肌电信号的特征值随着人员的疲劳而规律性地变化,其中RMS值(均方根值)和FInsm5值(由Dimitrov提出的新频域参数)与主观评价表现出显著的相关性;新手操作者与熟练操作者的肌电信号也出现差异.结论 结合RMS值和FInsm5值的联合频谱分析,提出一个评估肌肉疲劳的模型,包括3种肌肉状态:肌肉激活、过渡到疲劳、疲劳到精疲力竭;提出将主观评价标准融入疲劳检测系统的方法;分析航空制造业装配操作者疲劳监测设备的设计策略,包括:可穿戴设备、肌肉疲劳模型的应用策略、反馈数据形式.最后根据设计策略对一款可穿戴设备的人机交互进行了设计应用探索.

Dissolved organic matter in biochars (BDOM) influences the latter’s environmental applications. This study applied multiple spectra methods to expound the characteristics of BDOM in aquatic macrophytes (Alternanthera philoxeroides) biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures under sequential extractions (room-temperature water, hot water and a weak base). The results showed that the feedstock and the biochar produced at 200 °C, biochars produced at 300–500 °C and above 600 °C were unstable, metastable and stable, respectively, according to the release of dissolved organic carbon. One protein-like and four humic-like fluorophores were identified. The BDOM were dominated by humic-like components, and the pyrolysis of fluorescent components was hysteretic compared to the non-fluorescent materials. In addition, the relative molecular weight, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity of BDOM increased correspondingly under sequential extractions. High pH/temperature of extracting solution will lead to the BDOM with higher humification degree. This study also indicates humic acid and polysaccharide, as the fluorescent substance and the non-fluorescent substance, respectively, were more sensitive to pyrolysis temperature and changed firstly under sequential extractions. This study was beneficial for understanding the characteristics of BDOM at the molecular level and for predicting the possible effects and processes of biochars before large-scale applications.

针对微电机质量检测水平低、故障识别困难等问题,设计一种基于声学特征的微电机故障诊断方法.通过声音采集装置获得微电机转动时的正常声音信号和三种故障信号;从声音信号中提取39维梅尔频率倒谱系数和短时能量,搭建一维卷积神经网络模型进行识别.将声音信号转化成语谱图,建立二维卷积神经网络模型并识别.利用多模型融合技术中的加权平均算法将两个模型融合,融合后模型的准确率为93.58％,比单个模型平均提高2.43％.

针对微电机装配质量控制水平低、产线故障发现不及时且难以做出最佳决策等问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的微电机装配故障诊断方法.该方法将实时采集的微电机装配过程质量特性数据绘制出控制图,采用数值转化为图像的数据预处理方法实现CNN对控制图异常模式的识别,最后通过控制图异常模式向故障映射的方法完成故障诊断.基于该方法开发了一套微电机装配故障诊断原型系统,可用于微电机装配过程的实时监控与故障诊断.

针对离散制造业生产过程复杂多变、生产数据管理困难等问题,将实时仿真技术应用到微电机装配线的现场监控中.对实时仿真系统的实时数据管理、机构运动进行了参数化建模,对数据驱动映射关系建立等方面进行了研究,提出了一种基于内存数据库技术和运动建模插件的实时仿真系统开发方法;设计了主从架构的数据库服务器端,对离散制造业的典型机构运动进行了参数化建模,并开发了映射定义插件.研究结果表明:该方法适用性广、开发效率高;所开发的实时仿真系统可有效地提高微电机装配线的现场管控水平.

Based ong kansei engineering,it takes the mobile application gamification as the goal,introduces fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and establishes the design evaluation model of news applications.Comparing the gami fication design revision of Netease news app,it evaluates the gamification design degree between Netease News version 4.0 and version 5.0,verifies the scientific and rigorous design evaluation model.

In the process of software development, interface interaction is an important part. The user's immersion interface design means how to make users feel the smooth and enjoyable experience. Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ( FAHP) , the pa-per constructs the evaluation index structure model of the immersive interactive experience from four aspects: usability, space sense, fluency and expression. Taking an information interface design as an example, each factor index of the current version and two iterative versions of the project is weightily calculated and evaluated to explore a theoretical evaluation method of the interface in-teractive design in the process of software design.

According to the characteristics of the rotorcraft and the fixed-wing aircraft,it proposes a configuration of fixed-wing aircraft,which is capable of short-takeoff and vertical-landing.In this design,airfoils on both sides rotate respectively around the pitch axis to switch the flying mode,so as to achieve the purpose of VTOL or the cruising flight.The paper analyzes the mechanical characteristics,aerodynamic characteristics and body structure of the aircraft,provides a basis for the production of the model.Taking the test for the physical prototype,it shows that the theoretical results match with the test data,the aircraft configuration has certain feasibility and certain prospects for application.

This paper introduces an approach of tolerance specification design and the automatic 3D dimensioning tolerane which is consistent with the new generative geometrical product specification ( GPS) in CATIA. The positioning graphs drawn according to the positioning features are studied, which are used to describe the assembly positioning constraints, the patterns and methods of the tolerance specifications are presented based on the positioning graphs, and then the system of tolerance specification design based on CATIA is developed and an example of verifying the feasibility of the proposed method is given out.

GOMS model is widely used in interaction design to analyze the model technology of user and to guide the design and eval-uation of the first generation (command line) and the second generation (WIMP) GUI. Based on GOMS model theory, it is summed up and analyzed that the task analysis of GOMS can be wel applied to the process of analyzing the shopping flow. The scene design, task pyramid, task process and decision analysis in the shopping flow are further studied to optimize the shopping flow.

本文首先归纳MOOC的特点、MOOC在发展中遇到的挑战.然后对国内外MOOC系统做了分析与比较,提出标准和规范对MOOC发展的重要性.接着以《工程图学》MOOC课程为例,从系统框架、教师信息素养、运营模式和评价机制四方面研究MOOC建设规范.

Based on the Kansei engineering theory, this paper does the quantization research on the Kansei image of industrial products, establishes the evaluation matrix of product design elements and Kansei images using the statistical method, and builds the correlation model of product forms’ elements and Kansei images by use of BP neural network algorithm, to work out the scheme of guiding the product form design under some specific purpose. Taking chair furniture as an example, with embod-ying the Jiangnan region culture as the goal, this paper uses BP neural network algorithm for training, simulating and predicting with MATLAB computer software, so that eventual y it works out the scheme of guiding the chair design. lt also quantizes the Kansei image systematical y makes the perceptual demand oriented product design be of more scientific and practical guiding significance and provies a design method for developing more products in line with the users’ perceptual demand and market competition.

针对目前机械产品的模块化设计方法在模块信息表示、检索与修改的方面的不足,研究了模块的知识表示与实例推理技术,提出了一种基于改进可拓距模块检索方法,在现有的模块库中寻找满足相似度的模块实例,对提取的相似模块实例进行修改,最终达到设计的要求.

To meet the demand of aircraft assembly tooling’ s rapid development, according to the structure features of aircraft as-sembly tooling, this paper puts forward the concept of maturity model of assembly tooling’ s functional modue and builds its the matu-rity model. lt uses the method of expert’ s, investigation and hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to establish the evaluation model of tool design maturity. Through the application of the evaluation method, it calculates the maturity of the aircraft inspection tooling APU cabin door and this provides the basis for the project managers to control the development of tooling’ s functional mod-ule.

Based on the research on product innovation design and ergonomics, this paper proposes the definition of the product in-novation design driven by ergonomics, introduces its content and principles and analyzes its two key points needed in the design, obtains its methods and verifies the research by designing the portable infusion apparatus.