目的:评价蝙蝠蛾拟青霉-蛹虫草复方安全性与免疫增强活性.方法:采用小鼠急性毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验、微粒体酶(Ames)试验、迟发型变态反应试验、血清溶血素滴度检测和脾细胞抗体生成细胞试验,观察受试物的安全性和免疫功能.结果:蝙蝠蛾拟青霉-蛹虫草复方对小鼠急性毒性最大耐受量>20.0 g/kg bw,属无毒级物质,且小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验及Ames试验呈阴性;细胞免疫试验中,中剂量(0.33 g/kg bw)、高剂量(0.99 g/kg bw)复方能显著提高小鼠足跖厚度差值(中剂量:p<0.05;高剂量:p<0.01);体液免疫试验中,高剂量复方能极显著提高小鼠溶血空斑数与半数溶血值(p<0.01),说明复方能增强小鼠细胞免疫与体液免疫.结论:该复方在试验剂量内安全无毒,且具有增强免疫功效.

目的:研究破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:将小鼠随机分为低、中、高剂量组及阴性对照组,分别灌胃给予破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉0.17 g/(kg BW)、0.33 g/(kg BW)、1.00 g/(kg BW).4周后进行小鼠迟发型变态反应试验、脾淋巴细胞转化试验、血清溶血素测定、脾淋巴细胞抗体生成试验、碳廓清试验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验、NK(natural killer)细胞活性测定等.结果:破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉可增强小鼠迟发型变态反应,提高血清溶血素半数溶血值及碳廓清吞噬指数.结论:破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉可显著增强细胞免疫功能及单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能,具有良好的免疫调节作用.

该研究探讨了姜黄植物饮料(以下简称"姜黄饮")对KM小鼠的解酒作用及可能的作用机制.构建高浓度酒精致小鼠醉酒模型,通过小鼠防醉试验行为学变化、醉酒小鼠血液乙醇浓度、体内乙醇代谢关键酶的含量或活性及胃肠组织的变化,评价姜黄饮对小鼠的解酒作用.结果显示,姜黄饮高剂量组醉酒潜伏期为235.00min,与模型组相比显著延长(p＜0.05);醒酒时间为232.00min,与模型组相比显著缩短(p＜0.05).血液乙醇含量为4.21 mg/mL,与模型组相比极显著降低(p＜0.01);乙醇脱氢酶、乙醛脱氢酶活力分别为3.74 U/mg prot和8.36 U/mg prot,与模型组相比显著提高(p＜0.05);辅酶Ⅰ和还原型辅酶Ⅰ含量分别为0.08 nmol/mg prot和0.39 U/mg prot,NADH/NAD+比值与模型组相比极显著提高(p＜0.01);细胞色素P450、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量分别为78.51 pg/mg和1341.00 pg/mg,与模型组相比极显著提高(p＜0.01).胃部、肠组织观察和病理切片结果显示,姜黄饮低、高剂量组可减轻乙醇对小鼠肠道引起的损伤,减少小鼠肠道出血和水肿.上述结果表明,姜黄饮对醉酒小鼠有明显的解酒作用,其作用机制可能与其增强机体乙醇代谢路径关键酶及抗氧化酶的活性,加快体内乙醇代谢速度,保护肝脏及胃肠道有关.

This study aimed to investigate the activity and mechanism of Citri grandis Exocarpium-Cordyceps militaris on reliving cough by the use of network pharmacology. Mouse cough inducing models were constructed to evaluate the cough suppressant activity of the compound. Multiple online databases and literature searches were then used to collect the active ingredients, targets of action and disease targets of the compound. Construction of compound-target-disease networks and protein interaction networks using Cytoscape and STRING, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of target genes using Meatscape. The results showed that the low and high dose groups significantly reduced the number of coughs in mice (P<0.001) and decreased the levels of three inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1α and interleukin 1β in mice serum, with significant differences in the high dose group (P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.01). The results of the network pharmacological analysis showed that this compound could act on 78 targets including transcription factor AP-1, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor, regulating 575 GO entries and 272 signalling pathways to exert cough suppressant effects, of which cordycepic acid, cordycepin, apigenin, beta-sitosterol and naringenin were the important material basis. The results indicated that the combination of Citri grandis Exocarpium-Cordyceps militaris has cough suppressant activity, which was the result of the combined action of multiple substances in the combination on multiple targets and pathways.

Background: Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common inflammatory disease that causes pain due to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into joints and surrounding tissues. Anti-inflammatory drugs have significant clinical anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, but they have many side effects. Cordyceps militaris is an edible and medicinal fungus, and its extract (CME) has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CME on GA and its underlying mechanism. Methods: The effect of CME on the expression of related inflammatory factors and histopathological changes in the MSU-induced acute inflammatory gout model in rats was studied by ELISA and HE, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism was analyzed by transcriptome combined with RT-qPCR. Results: CME significantly improved gait scores and joint swelling in GA rats, and reduced MSU-induced inflammatory cell infiltration. CME inhibited MSU-induced inflammatory responses by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Caspase-1 and increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Transcriptome analysis showed that CME significantly altered inflammation-related cytokine pathways, and identified four major genes involved in regulation of inflammation, CCL7, CSF2RB, LIF, and IL-1β. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed to verify these differential genes. Conclusion: CME significantly alleviated the inflammatory progression of GA and ameliorated the onset of GA. The underlying mechanism may be related to triggering the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway to inhibit the activation of the inflammasome and regulate the immune system. And it regulates the inflammatory response induced by MSU crystals through the genes CCL7, CSF2RB, and IL-1β.

目的:评价番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊的毒理及对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和微粒体酶(Microsomal Enzyme,Ames)试验观察番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊的毒性;采用迟发性变态反应、淋巴细胞转化及抗体生成细胞试验观察番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果:番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠急性毒性最大耐受量(Maximal Tolerable Dose,MTD)大于20.0 g·(kg bw)-1,无毒,骨髓细胞微核试验、Ames试验和小鼠精子畸形试验结果都为阴性.免疫功能试验结果表明,番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊40 mg·kg-1能显著增强小鼠迟发性变态反应能力(P<0.05),80 mg·kg-1能显著增强脾淋巴细胞的转化能力(P<0.05),80 mg·kg-1和250 mg·kg-1能显著促进小鼠脾细胞抗体生成水平(P<0.01).结论:番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊属无毒级,能显著提高小鼠的免疫功能.

The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine and G. lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is the lipid fraction isolated from Ganoderma spores. We examined the effect of GLSO on burn wound healing in mice. Following wounding, GLSO was applied on the wounds twice daily. Repair analysis was performed by Sirius-Red-staining at different time points. Cell proliferation and migration assays were performed to verify the effect of GLSO on growth. Network pharmacology analysis to identify possible targets was also carried out, followed by Western blotting, nuclear translocation, cell proliferation, and immunofluorescence assays for in-depth investigation of the mechanism. Our study showed that GLSO significantly promoted cell proliferation, and network pharmacology analysis suggested that GLSO might act through transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1)/SMAD signaling. Furthermore, GLSO elevated SMAD2/3 expression in skin burn and promoted its nuclear translocation, and TRPV1 expression was also increased upon exposure to GLSO. Cell proliferation and immunofluorescence assays with TRPV1 inhibitor showed that GLSO accelerated skin burn wound healing through TRPV1 and SMADs signaling, which provides a foundation for clinical application of GLSO in the healing of deep skin burns.

Sarcodon imbricatus (S. imbricatus), a well-known edible mushroom, is one of the most commonly consumed wild mushrooms in China because of its nutritional value. Previous studies have demonstrated that S. imbricatus has immunoregulatory activity. We previously described the potential anti-tumor activity of several types of mushrooms, including S. imbricatus. In this study, the results demonstrate that an aqueous extract of S. imbricatus (SIE) effectively inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion properties of breast cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo. In addition, the SIE increased serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, natural killer cell activity and the viability of splenocytes and reduced the expression of programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, these results are the first demonstration that the SIE has anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects in the 4T1 mouse breast cancer model. These findings provide a scientific rationale for the potential therapeutic use of S. imbricatus in breast cancer patients.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a traditional Chinese medicine reported to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer activity. G. lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is a lipid substance extracted from sporoderm-broken spore of G. lucidum. However, the effect of GLSO on breast cancer and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of GLSO on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo as well as to investigate the mechanistic basis for the anticancer effect of GLSO. Materials and methods: First, in vitro MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with GLSO (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mu L/mL). The protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), total poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-8 were examined using western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), caspases-3, -8, -9 and Bax were examined using qRT-PCR. Second, in vivo the anticancer properties of GLSO were assessed by H&E, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry in BALB/c mice injected with 4T1 cells. In addition, the levels of caspase-9/caspase-3 signaling pathway proteins in tumor tissue were evaluated by immunoblotting. Finally, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with caspase inhibitors to measure cell viability, the protein levels were examined with western blotting. Results: The results in vitro showed that GLSO up-regulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, but had no effect on the expression of caspase-8. Moreover, the growth of tumors in vivo was significantly suppressed in the GLSO-treated group. The results of Western blot were consistent with in vitro. In vitro, co-treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with caspase inhibitors reduced the inhibitory effect of GLSO on cell growth. Conclusions: GLSO inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells and tumors in vivo by inducing apoptosis, which may be achieved through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

为了研究不同碳源、氮源对中国被毛孢(Hirsutella sinensis固体发酵工艺的影响,采用大米、小麦为碳源,玉米粉、黄豆粉为植物型氮源,以菌丝体核酸含量为间接指标测定中国被毛孢的生物量,并测定菌丝体的腺苷含量,确定最佳固体发酵配方.结果表明,以大米、小麦作为复合碳源,玉米粉为复合植物型氮源,添加葡萄糖(20 g·L-1)、水解乳蛋白(5 g·L-1)、MgSO4·7H20(1 g·L-1)、KH2PO4(1g·L-1)、维生素B1(0.1 g·L-1),料液比(W∶V=1∶1.5),于温度18℃,相对湿度80％～85％,避光培养50 d,获得长势良好、腺苷含量高的中国被毛孢.由此发现,以复合碳源与植物型、动物型氮源组合,有利于固体发酵过程中中国被毛孢菌丝体生长.

Effects of mycelia powder of Paecilomyces hepiali (MPPH)were studied on hyperuricemia (HUA) mice induced by hypoxanthine (500 mg/kg)and potassium oxonate (100 mg/kg).Different experimental groups were established as the normal group,the model group,the allopurinol group (5 mg/kg),low MPPH dose group (250 mg/kg),medium MPPH dose group (500 mg/kg),high MPPH dose group (1000 mg/kg) and the normal MPPH group.Mice in each group were administered with the corresponding compounds for seven days before induction of hyperuricemia for another seven days in the model group,the allopurinol group and three MPPH groups with different doses.Then mice in each test group were determined for blood uric acid (BUA)level,serum creatinine (Cr)level,blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level,xanthine oxidase (XOD)activity,and urate transporter 1 (URAT1)level,respectively.The results showed that the mycelia powder of P.hepiali significantly reduced the uric acid level in serum and liver of HUA mice (P<0.01), inhibited hepatic XOD activity and overexpression of renal URAT1,promoted excretion of uric acid into the urine and at the same time did no harm to liver or kidney.

探讨并优化了测定苯酚-硫酸法灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)孢子粉多糖含量的检测条件,通过单因素和正交试验方法确定灵芝孢子粉多糖的最佳检测条件,并分析不同检测方法测定灵芝孢子粉多糖含量的差异.结果表明,灵芝孢子粉多糖苯酚-硫酸法的最佳测定条件为最大吸收波长489 nm,5％苯酚用量0.5 mL,浓硫酸用量2.5 mL,提取温度90℃,提取时间3.0 h,料液比(g· mL-1)为1∶40,在此条件下平均回收率为99.54％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90％.本试验优化后的检测方法具有良好的稳定性及重复性,回收率高,并能有效减少检测试剂苯酚和浓硫酸的使用量,具有实际应用意义.

[Objective] The research aimed to develope the anti-aging mask by water extract of Ganoderma lucidum,and study the clinical efficacy of delaying skin aging.[Method]The anti-aging skin efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum water extract was evaluated by sensory evaluation,safety evaluation,instrumental determination method.[Result]After continuous application of the test material for 12 weeks,sensory evaluation data showed that the percentage of test subjects showing moderate improvements in skin dryness,elasticity,surface sheen,fine wrinkles and smoothness were 91. 17%,91. 17%,94. 12%,11. 76%,91. 18%,respectively. Skin moisture content and fine wrinkles revealed significant improvements following application of the test material for one and twelve weeks,respectively. Skin moisture content was increased and fine wrinkles was decreased with time. But the R2 and R5 were no significant difference.[Conclusion] Clinical data indicated that the water extract of Ganoderma lucidum can alleviate various effects associated with skin aging.