Background Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) contains small molecules that are efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream upon oral administration. Previous studies suggest potential cardio-protective roles of GLSO, relevant for myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Purpose To evaluate the effects of GLSO on cardiac function in MI patients residing at high altitudes (above 3500 meters), we focused on the improvements of ventricular function, alterations in energy metabolism, and modulation of gut microbiota. Study Design A single-arm clinical trial was performed involving 38 Tibetan MI patients to assess the efficacy of GLSO over eight-week treatment. Methods Patients received GLSO orally for eight weeks, followed by cardiac assessment, metabolomic analysis, and gut microbiota analysis. Results Cardiac functional improvements were observed with enhanced left ventricular diastolic performance and reduced cardiac regurgitation in 47.06% patients. A decrease in electrocardiographic abnormalities was detected in 77.78% of the patients. Metabolomic profiling revealed significant reductions in fatty acids and acylcarnitines, with concurrent increases in bile acids and β-alanine levels. Gut microbiota analysis indicated increased microbial diversity and a notable rise in Akkermansia populations. Conclusion The GLSO oral preparation appears to improve cardiac function in high-altitude MI patients. These benefits may be mediated through enhanced β-oxidation of fatty acids and favorable modulation of gut microbiota. Our study suggests a promising therapeutic role for GLSO in this patient population.

Background/Objectives: Our lab has previously reported that Grifola frondosa (maitake mushroom) GF5000 has antidiabetic potential owing to its ability to improve insulin resistance. This study aimed to gain insight into the system-level hypoglycemic mechanisms of GF5000 using transcriptomics, proteomics, and network pharmacology. This study provides new insights into the hypoglycemic mechanisms of GF5000, identifying key molecular targets involved in mitigating insulin resistance in T2DM. Methods: Liver protein and gene expression in normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and GF5000-treated (GF5000) rats were analyzed via iTRAQ and RNA-seq. The relationships between differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) disease targets were studied using Metascape and the Cytoscape GeneMANIA plug-in. Results: One hundred and fifty-two DEGs and sixty-two DEPs were identified; twenty DEGs/DEPs exhibited the same trend in mRNA and protein expression levels when comparing the GF5000 vs. DC groups. The Metascape analysis revealed that the T2DM disease targets included four DEGs—Gck, Scd, Abcb4, and Cyp3a9—and two DEPs—glucokinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2. A Cytoscape–GeneMANIA analysis of thirteen DEGs/DEPs related to T2DM showed that Apoa1/Apolipoprotein A-I, Gckr/glucokinase regulatory protein, and Gck/glucokinase had the highest connectivity and centrality in the topological network. The qPCR results confirmed that GF5000 increased the mRNA expression of GCK in GCK-knockdown HepG2 cells. Conclusions: These results provide theoretical evidence for the use of GF5000 as a potential active nutritional ingredient for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Our findings suggest that GF5000 targets multiple pathways implicated in T2DM, offering a multi-faceted approach to disease management and prevention.

Breast cancer represents a persistent global health challenge, with multidrug resistance (MDR) posing a significant obstacle to effective treatment. In this study, we investigate the potential of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) in reversing MDR in breast cancer and delve into the underlying mechanisms. We establish a robust in vitro 3D model of breast cancer with acquired MDR induced by paclitaxel. Utilizing the CCK-8 method, we assess the impact of GLE on cytotoxic drug sensitivity to determine its in vitro MDR reversal activity.Our results reveal that GLE enhances the toxicity of paclitaxel in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and increasing the intracellular and extracellular excretion of P-gp substrates, all without significantly altering P-gp protein expression. Additionally, GLE inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, suggesting that the enhanced sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel by GLE is associated with the MAPK pathway. These findings indicate that GLE may inhibit P-gp-mediated drug efflux via the MAPK pathway, thus effectively overcoming paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer.This study provides valuable insights into the potential clinical applications of GLE in reversing multidrug resistance, offering hope for improved breast cancer treatment strategies.

Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience muscle wasting and weakness, which impact their quality of life. A potential solution lies in customizing amino acid compositions based on exome-derived formulations (ExAAs). The study hypothesized that tailoring dietary amino acids using ExAAs could enhance muscle health. Theoretical amino acid requirements were calculated from the genome's exome region, and a breast cancer mouse model undergoing paclitaxel treatment was established. The mice were supplemented with a cancer-specific nutritional formula (QJS), and the effects of QJS and amino acid-adjusted QJS (adjQJS) were compared. Both formulations improved the nutritional status without compromising tumor growth. Notably, adjQJS significantly enhanced muscle strength compared to QJS (1.51 ± 0.25 vs. 1.30 ± 0.08 fold change, p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in complement and coagulation cascades, with an observed upregulation of C3 gene expression in adjQJS. Immune regulation also changed, showing a decrease in B cells and an increase in monocytes in skeletal muscle with adjQJS. Importantly, adjQJS resulted in a notable increase in Alistipes abundance compared to QJS (10.19 ± 0.04% vs. 5.03 ± 1.75%). This study highlights the potential of ExAAs as valuable guide for optimizing amino acid composition in diets for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

With an increase in aging population, osteoporosis has become one of the major public health issues nowadays, affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Since current medications are associated with various side effects, there is a clear clinical need to develop alternative therapeutics for managing osteoporosis. Selenium is an essential trace mineral, which has been proved to play important role in bone health. However, the narrow therapeutic window of selenium has greatly hindered its further development. Recently, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have become a new selenium source due to its promising bioactivity and low toxicity. Nevertheless, scientific research concerning their effects on bone health is still very limited. By using the mushroom polysaccharide-protein complex isolated from Cordyceps sinensis, we have successfully prepared novel SeNPs (“Cs4-SeNPs”) with well-characterized structure and high stability. Interestingly, Cs4-SeNPs (10 μM) were found to markedly induce proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of the pre-osteoblast murine MC3T3-E1 cells. Further mechanistic study discovered that after cellular internalization via endocytosis, Cs4-SeNPs would trigger Nox4-derived intracellular ROS generation in the MC3T3-E1 cells followed by promoting downstream BMP-2 gene transcription and activating BMP signaling via both Smad dependent and Smad independent p38 MAPK pathways. More importantly, Cs4-SeNPs (25–500 μg/kg BW/d) exhibitedpromising in vivo bone protective efficacy against OVX-induced osteoporosis by promoting bone formation, inhibiting bone resorption, and improving bone microarchitecture after oral gavage for 6 weeks. Findings of this study collectively suggested that Cs4-SeNPs is of great potential to be further developed into a safe and evidence-based nano-mineral for managing postmenopausal osteoporosis.

This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics and biological activity of polysaccharides from selenium-enriched Cordyceps militaris. A homogeneous polysaccharide (SeCMP0.2) was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of selenium-enriched C. militaris by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, followed by anion exchange column chromatography. The structural characteristics of SeCMP0.2 were characterized by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The immunoregulatory activity of SeCMP0.2 was evaluated by using RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Results showed that the weight average molecular mass and selenium content of SeCMP0.2 were 440.7 kDa and 49.1 μg/g, respectively. SeCMP0.2, with a triple-helix conformation, was aggregated in aqueous solution. Moreover, it was a heteropolysaccharide mainly composed of galactose (53.1%), glucose (8.2%), and mannose (37.1%), containing both α- and β-type glycosidic linkages. The dominant residues in SeCMP0.2 including T-Galp-(1→, →2)-Galp-(1→, and →6)-Manp-(1→ accounted for 16.6%, 29.4% and 26.9%, respectively. Additionally, the in vitro immunomodulatory assays showed that SeCMP0.2 could significantly upregulate the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, thereby exerting immunoregulatory activity. These results will lay the foundation for further development and utilization of selenium-enriched C. militaris resources.

目的:评价蝙蝠蛾拟青霉-蛹虫草复方安全性与免疫增强活性.方法:采用小鼠急性毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验、微粒体酶(Ames)试验、迟发型变态反应试验、血清溶血素滴度检测和脾细胞抗体生成细胞试验,观察受试物的安全性和免疫功能.结果:蝙蝠蛾拟青霉-蛹虫草复方对小鼠急性毒性最大耐受量>20.0 g/kg bw,属无毒级物质,且小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验及Ames试验呈阴性;细胞免疫试验中,中剂量(0.33 g/kg bw)、高剂量(0.99 g/kg bw)复方能显著提高小鼠足跖厚度差值(中剂量:p<0.05;高剂量:p<0.01);体液免疫试验中,高剂量复方能极显著提高小鼠溶血空斑数与半数溶血值(p<0.01),说明复方能增强小鼠细胞免疫与体液免疫.结论:该复方在试验剂量内安全无毒,且具有增强免疫功效.

目的:研究破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:将小鼠随机分为低、中、高剂量组及阴性对照组,分别灌胃给予破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉0.17 g/(kg BW)、0.33 g/(kg BW)、1.00 g/(kg BW).4周后进行小鼠迟发型变态反应试验、脾淋巴细胞转化试验、血清溶血素测定、脾淋巴细胞抗体生成试验、碳廓清试验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验、NK(natural killer)细胞活性测定等.结果:破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉可增强小鼠迟发型变态反应,提高血清溶血素半数溶血值及碳廓清吞噬指数.结论:破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉可显著增强细胞免疫功能及单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能,具有良好的免疫调节作用.

Ganoderma lucidum is an important medicinal mushroom widely cultured in Asian countries. Exopolysaccharides are bioactive compounds of G. lucidum with health benefits. Limited exopolysaccharide content hinders its extraction from G. lucidum. The addition of Tween80 had an enhanced effect on G. lucidum exopolysaccharide production in submerged fermentation. However, the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this study, we report on a high-quality assembly of G. lucidum strain yw-1-5 to lay the foundation for further transcriptome analysis. The genome sequence was 58.16 Mb and consisted of 58 scaffolds with an N50 of 4.78 Mb. A total of 13,957 protein-coding genes were annotated and Hi-C data mapped to 12 pseudo-chromosomes. Genes encoding glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases were also obtained. Furthermore, RNA-seq was performed in a Tween80-treated group and control group for revealing the enhanced effect of Tween80 on exopolysaccharide production. In total, 655 genes were identified as differentially expressed, including 341 up-regulated and 314 down-regulated. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that groups of MAPK, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, autophagy, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, peroxisome, starch and sucrose metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis KEGG pathway, glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases played important roles in the enhanced effect of Tween80 on exopolysaccharide production. This work provides a valuable resource for facilitating our understanding of the synthesis of polysaccharides and accelerating the breeding of new strains with a high content of exopolysaccharides.

该研究探讨了姜黄植物饮料(以下简称"姜黄饮")对KM小鼠的解酒作用及可能的作用机制.构建高浓度酒精致小鼠醉酒模型,通过小鼠防醉试验行为学变化、醉酒小鼠血液乙醇浓度、体内乙醇代谢关键酶的含量或活性及胃肠组织的变化,评价姜黄饮对小鼠的解酒作用.结果显示,姜黄饮高剂量组醉酒潜伏期为235.00min,与模型组相比显著延长(p＜0.05);醒酒时间为232.00min,与模型组相比显著缩短(p＜0.05).血液乙醇含量为4.21 mg/mL,与模型组相比极显著降低(p＜0.01);乙醇脱氢酶、乙醛脱氢酶活力分别为3.74 U/mg prot和8.36 U/mg prot,与模型组相比显著提高(p＜0.05);辅酶Ⅰ和还原型辅酶Ⅰ含量分别为0.08 nmol/mg prot和0.39 U/mg prot,NADH/NAD+比值与模型组相比极显著提高(p＜0.01);细胞色素P450、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量分别为78.51 pg/mg和1341.00 pg/mg,与模型组相比极显著提高(p＜0.01).胃部、肠组织观察和病理切片结果显示,姜黄饮低、高剂量组可减轻乙醇对小鼠肠道引起的损伤,减少小鼠肠道出血和水肿.上述结果表明,姜黄饮对醉酒小鼠有明显的解酒作用,其作用机制可能与其增强机体乙醇代谢路径关键酶及抗氧化酶的活性,加快体内乙醇代谢速度,保护肝脏及胃肠道有关.

Schizophyllum commune has emerged as the most promising model mushroom to study developmental stages (mycelium, primordium), which are two primary processes of fruit body development. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been proved to participate in fruit development and sex differentiation in fungi. However, potential lncRNAs have not been identified in S. commune from mycelium to primordium developmental stages. In this study, lncRNA-seq was performed in S. commune and 61.56 Gb clean data were generated from mycelium and primordium developmental stages. Furthermore, 191 lncRNAs had been obtained and a total of 49 lncRNAs were classified as differently expressed lncRNAs. Additionally, 26 up-regulated differently expressed lncRNAs and 23 down-regulated between mycelium and primordia libraries were detected. Further, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs target genes from the MAPK pathway, phosphatidylinositol signal, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, autophagy, and cell cycle. This study provides a new resource for further research on the relationship between lncRNA and two developmental stages (mycelium, primordium) in S. commune.

This study aimed to investigate the activity and mechanism of Citri grandis Exocarpium-Cordyceps militaris on reliving cough by the use of network pharmacology. Mouse cough inducing models were constructed to evaluate the cough suppressant activity of the compound. Multiple online databases and literature searches were then used to collect the active ingredients, targets of action and disease targets of the compound. Construction of compound-target-disease networks and protein interaction networks using Cytoscape and STRING, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of target genes using Meatscape. The results showed that the low and high dose groups significantly reduced the number of coughs in mice (P<0.001) and decreased the levels of three inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1α and interleukin 1β in mice serum, with significant differences in the high dose group (P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.01). The results of the network pharmacological analysis showed that this compound could act on 78 targets including transcription factor AP-1, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor, regulating 575 GO entries and 272 signalling pathways to exert cough suppressant effects, of which cordycepic acid, cordycepin, apigenin, beta-sitosterol and naringenin were the important material basis. The results indicated that the combination of Citri grandis Exocarpium-Cordyceps militaris has cough suppressant activity, which was the result of the combined action of multiple substances in the combination on multiple targets and pathways.

SCOPE:Whole-food-based strategies to prevent metabolic diseases are growing interests. Agrocybe cylindracea (AC) is a major edible mushroom with high values of nutrition, but little is known about its health benefits as a portion of whole food.METHODS AND RESULTS:Diet-induced obese, C57BL/6J mice are fed an high-fat diet (HFD) with or without AC (3% or 5%, w/w in the diet) for 9 weeks. The results show that dietary AC reduced body weight, adipose accumulation, impairment of glucose tolerance, lipid levels, and liver injury in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, AC not only prevents HFD-induced gut disorder, as indicates by the enriched probiotic Bifidobacterium and reduced endotoxin-bearing Proteobacteria, but also improve the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level and gut tissue structure. Fecal metabolites such as harmine and harmanine are also remarkably altered by AC. Spearman's correlation analysis reveals that the AC-altered microbes and metabolites are strongly correlated with obesity-related indexes.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that dietary AC prevents HFD-induced obesity and its complications in association with modulating gut microbiota and associated fecal metabolites.

Background: Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common inflammatory disease that causes pain due to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into joints and surrounding tissues. Anti-inflammatory drugs have significant clinical anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, but they have many side effects. Cordyceps militaris is an edible and medicinal fungus, and its extract (CME) has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CME on GA and its underlying mechanism. Methods: The effect of CME on the expression of related inflammatory factors and histopathological changes in the MSU-induced acute inflammatory gout model in rats was studied by ELISA and HE, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism was analyzed by transcriptome combined with RT-qPCR. Results: CME significantly improved gait scores and joint swelling in GA rats, and reduced MSU-induced inflammatory cell infiltration. CME inhibited MSU-induced inflammatory responses by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Caspase-1 and increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Transcriptome analysis showed that CME significantly altered inflammation-related cytokine pathways, and identified four major genes involved in regulation of inflammation, CCL7, CSF2RB, LIF, and IL-1β. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed to verify these differential genes. Conclusion: CME significantly alleviated the inflammatory progression of GA and ameliorated the onset of GA. The underlying mechanism may be related to triggering the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway to inhibit the activation of the inflammasome and regulate the immune system. And it regulates the inflammatory response induced by MSU crystals through the genes CCL7, CSF2RB, and IL-1β.

Increasing attention focuses on the relationship between neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reports on the microbiota-gut-brain axis reveal that the regulation by gut microbiota is an effective way to intervene in neuroinflammation-related AD. In this study, two novel selenium peptides (Se-Ps), VPRKL(Se)M (Se-P1) and RYNA(Se)MNDYT (Se-P2), with neuroprotection effects were obtained from Se-enriched Cordyceps militaris. Se-P1 and Se-P2 pre-protection led to a 30 and 33% increase in the PC-12 cell viability compared to the damage group, respectively. Moreover, Se-Ps exhibited a significant pre-protection against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress in the colon and brain by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde, as well as promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine level and antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.05), which may alleviate the cognitive impairment in LPS-injured mice (p < 0.05). Se-Ps not only repaired the intestinal mucosa damage of LPS-injured mice but also had a positive effect on gut microbiota dysbacteriosis by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Alistipes and decreasing the abundance of Akkermansia and Bacteroides. Collectively, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regulating properties on gut microflora of Se-Ps contribute to their neuroprotection, supporting that Se-Ps could be a promising dietary supplement in the prevention and/or treatment of AD.

目的:评价番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊的毒理及对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和微粒体酶(Microsomal Enzyme,Ames)试验观察番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊的毒性;采用迟发性变态反应、淋巴细胞转化及抗体生成细胞试验观察番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果:番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠急性毒性最大耐受量(Maximal Tolerable Dose,MTD)大于20.0 g·(kg bw)-1,无毒,骨髓细胞微核试验、Ames试验和小鼠精子畸形试验结果都为阴性.免疫功能试验结果表明,番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊40 mg·kg-1能显著增强小鼠迟发性变态反应能力(P<0.05),80 mg·kg-1能显著增强脾淋巴细胞的转化能力(P<0.05),80 mg·kg-1和250 mg·kg-1能显著促进小鼠脾细胞抗体生成水平(P<0.01).结论:番茄红素灵芝孢子油软胶囊属无毒级,能显著提高小鼠的免疫功能.

The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine and G. lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is the lipid fraction isolated from Ganoderma spores. We examined the effect of GLSO on burn wound healing in mice. Following wounding, GLSO was applied on the wounds twice daily. Repair analysis was performed by Sirius-Red-staining at different time points. Cell proliferation and migration assays were performed to verify the effect of GLSO on growth. Network pharmacology analysis to identify possible targets was also carried out, followed by Western blotting, nuclear translocation, cell proliferation, and immunofluorescence assays for in-depth investigation of the mechanism. Our study showed that GLSO significantly promoted cell proliferation, and network pharmacology analysis suggested that GLSO might act through transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1)/SMAD signaling. Furthermore, GLSO elevated SMAD2/3 expression in skin burn and promoted its nuclear translocation, and TRPV1 expression was also increased upon exposure to GLSO. Cell proliferation and immunofluorescence assays with TRPV1 inhibitor showed that GLSO accelerated skin burn wound healing through TRPV1 and SMADs signaling, which provides a foundation for clinical application of GLSO in the healing of deep skin burns.

采用高脂饮食法建立高血脂动物模型,通过检测白背木耳水提物对高脂血症大鼠体重、血脂水平、动脉粥样硬化指数等指标的影响,评价其降血脂活性.结果表明,3种不同剂量的白背木耳水提物均能一定程度降低高血脂大鼠的体重、血清总胆固醇TG、低密度脂蛋白LDL-C及3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶HMGR水平,升高高密度脂蛋白HDL-C与脂蛋白脂肪酶LPL水平.其中,高剂量组总体效果最为明显,大鼠体重、TG、LDL-C水平及HMGR水平分别降低为8.15％、13.43％、46.31％、10.42％;HDL-C和LPL水平分别升高40.98％和13.00％.此外,与模型组相比,高剂量组大鼠肝脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),且肝脏组织中脂肪性空泡明显减少.以上结果表明白背木耳水提物有一定的降血脂活性,具有较好的开发应用价值.

L-麦角硫因(L-ergothioneine,L-EGT)是一种稀有的硫咪唑氨基酸类强抗氧化剂,高温及高pH下无法降解.只有部分细菌、蓝细菌和真菌可合成,植物、动物以及人均不能合成麦角硫因.哺乳动物通过分布于不同组织的转运体OCTN1吸收麦角硫因,并影响着不同组织麦角硫因含量.麦角硫因具有独特的生理和药理活性,在医药、食品、保健品和化妆品等行业极具应用前景.本文综述了麦角硫因的生物合成途径,并深入探讨了其在食品与人类健康和疾病中的作用.

Polysaccharide from Agrocybe cylindracea (ACP) has been demonstrated with various health benefits, but its anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of ACP in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice by targeting gut microbiota and metabolites. 9-week ACP supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced body weight, adipose accumulation, impaired insulin resistance, lipid levels, and liver injuries, which were negatively correlated to the pro-inflammatory factors, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6). Moreover, ACP not only restored HFD-induced gut disorder, as indicated by the depletion of Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter and the enrichment of the Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Dubosiella, but also positively regulated gut metabolites such as solavetivone and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the ACP-altered microbes and metabolites were highly correlated with inflammation-related indexes. Notably, ACP greatly lowered the obesity-related TNF-α- and IL-6-levels partially by reducing Desulfovibrio and increasing Parabacteroides abundances, together with the associated decrease of solavetivone level. These findings suggest that ACP may be used as a prebiotic agent to prevent diet-induced obesity, and target-specific microbiota and metabolites may have unique therapeutic promise for inflammation-related diseases.