A reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) enables efficient interconversion between CO and CO2, and it is recognized as a highly promising device for energy storage and conversion. To enhance the kinetics of CO2 to CO conversion, B-site Zn-doped Ruddlesden-Popper (RP)-type layered perovskite fuel electrodes, specifically La2Fe1-x Zn x O4 (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1), are fabricated and deployed as the fuel electrode. The characterization results reveal that Zn doping can significantly boost the concentration of oxygen vacancies and promote the charge transfer process. When the Zn doping amount is 0.1, the current density of the single cell with this fuel electrode is 0.73 A cm-2 at 800 degrees C with a voltage of 1.5 V. Furthermore, the maximum power density is 123 mW cm-2 in a 50% CO-50% CO2 atmosphere. Additionally, at 800 degrees C and 1.5 V, a single cell composed of the La2Fe0.9Zn0.1O4 fuel electrode demonstrates a current density of 1.41 A cm-2 for CO2 electrolysis, marking an 85.5% enhancement in performance over that of the La2FeO4 fuel electrode. Consequently, Zn doping elevates the electrocatalytic performance of RP-type layered perovskite fuel electrodes, offering a novel strategy for advancing fuel electrode material development.

A reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) effectively realizes the mutual conversion of CO2-CO and is a promising energy storage and conversion device. However, a key technical challenge for the commercial application of the RSOC is the lack of fuel electrodes with high catalytic activity and resistance to carbon deposition. In order to improve the CO2-CO interconversion kinetics, Zn-doped perovskite oxides La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8-xZnxO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) are developed and used as the RSOC fuel electrode. It shows that a part of Zn enters the bulk phase of the perovskite, while the other part of Zn forms ZnO and attaches to the perovskite surface. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles can effectively improve the oxygen migration ability of the fuel electrode, thereby promoting CO oxidation and CO2 reduction reactions. The electrochemical test results indicate that when the Zn doping amount is 0.1, the current density of the single cell composed of this fuel electrode for pure CO2 electrolysis is 1.90 A cm- 2 at 800 degrees C/1.5 V, which is higher than the electrolysis performance of the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) fuel electrode, and the cell still maintains good stability after running for 10 h. When operating in RSOC mode, the single cell with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.7Zn0.1O3 as the fuel electrode achieves a current density of 0.91 A cm-2 at 800 degrees C/1.5 V in 50 %CO-50 %CO2 atmosphere, and a maximum output power of 192 mW cm- 2, which is 46.8 % and 48.8 % higher than the performance of LSCF as the fuel electrode, respectively. The improvement in fuel electrode performance is attributed to the addition of low-valence Zn2+ doping and the formation of ZnO nanoparticles, which increase the number of surface oxygen vacancies, accelerate surface electron transfer and oxygen ion migration, thereby enhancing the adsorption, dissociation, and conversion ability of the fuel electrode towards CO2/CO.

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) show great promise as a technology for clean power generation. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and instability of the cathodes continue to impede their commercialization. Here, we report a multiphase nanocomposite produced through dual self-assembly, which serves as a highly active and durable cathode for PCFCs. During cathode sintering, self-assembly takes place to create a composite consisting of PrNi0.5Co0.5O3-delta (PNC), BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3-delta (BCZY), and PrO x nanoparticles. Compared to the single-phase PNC cathode, this cathode demonstrates enhanced performance with a reduction of 49.1% in ohmic resistance and 48.5% in polarization resistance at 700 C-o. This outcome is attributed to improved oxygen surface exchange kinetics and electrolyte-cathode interface strength. Furthermore, the self-assembled cathode in the single cell exhibits a 33.3% increase in power output relative to that of the PNC cathode cell. More interestingly, the cell displays performance activation during 400 h of operation, resulting in a power output increase of 27.5%. The cathode is revealed to be further self-assembled during operation in the post-mortem analysis, featuring an in situ-formed needle-like nanocomposite composed of BaPrO3 and BCZY. This work presents an innovative approach to nanocomposite self-assembly for potential use in PCFC cathode applications. [GRAPHICS] .

Dendrite growth and parasitic reactions with liquid electrolyte are the two key factors that restrict the practical application of the lithium metal anode. Herein, a bis(benzene sulfonyl)imide based single-ion polymer artificial layer for a lithium metal anode is successfully constructed, which is prepared via blending the as-prepared copolymer of lithiated 4, 4′-dicarboxyl bis(benzene sulfonyl)imide and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether on the surface of lithium foil. This single-ion polymer artificial layer enables compact structure with unique continuous aggregated Li+ clusters, thus reducing the direct contact between lithium metal and electrolyte simultaneously, ensuring Li+ transport is fast and homogeneous. Based on which, the coulombic efficiency of the Li|Cu half-cell is effectively improved, and the cycle stability of the Li|Li symmetric cell can be prolonged from 160 h to 240 h. Surficial morphology and elemental valence analysis confirm that the bis(benzene sulfonyl)imide based single-ion polymer artificial layer effectively facilitates the Li+ uniform deposition and suppresses parasitic reactions between lithium metal anode and liquid electrolyte in the LFP|Li full-cell. This strategy provides a new perspective to achieve a steady lithium metal anode, which can be a promising candidate in practical applications.

Protonic ceramic cells (PCCs) are emerging as promising technologies for energy conversion at intermediate temperatures (400-700 degrees C). Here, we present a comprehensive study on the scalable fabrication and resistance deconvolution of Ni/BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2O3-delta (BCZY) fuel electrode-supported PCCs featuring triple-conducting PrNi0.5Co0.5O3-delta (PNC) oxygen electrodes. The Ni/BCZY|BCZY half cells are fabricated using commercially relevant tape-casting methods in dimensions of 18 x 18 cm(2) before sintering. The sintering process of both the half cells and the PNC oxygen electrodes is optimized by examining the influence of sintering temperature on cell microstructure. Even a deviation of 50 degrees C in the sintering temperature of the PNC electrode can result in a remarkable 5-fold difference in cell performance. Through comprehensive analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data obtained under various gas supply and operating temperature conditions, different electrode processes are successfully identified, and their respective contributions to the overall resistance of the cell are quantified. The results reveal that the resistance associated with the PNC oxygen electrode processes primarily governs the total polarization resistance (R-p), while the resistance associated with the Ni/BCZY fuel electrode is considerably smaller. During short-term durability tests, the cell undergoes continuous activation. The changes in resistance associated with different electrode processes indicate that the major activation of the cell is contributed by the PNC oxygen electrode. After durability tests, the resistance associated with reactions occurring on the Ni/BCZY fuel electrode contributes the highest percentage to the total R-p. Postmortem analysis is performed on the cell after the durability tests. Our work provides insights to guide the design and optimization of PCCs.

Although nanoengineering of electrodes opens up the way to the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with improved performance, the practical implementation of such advances in cells suitable for widespread use remains a challenge. Here, the demonstration of large-area, commercially relevant SOFCs with two nanoengineered electrodes that display excellent performance is reported. The self-assembled nanocomposite La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ and Co3O4 is strategically designed and deposited into the well-interconnected Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ backbone as a cathode to enable an ultra-large electrochemically active region. The nanometer-scale Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ is deposited into a conventional Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode to provide more active oxygen exchange kinetics and electronic conductivity compared to YSZ. The resulting nanoengineered cell with an effective size of 4 cm × 4 cm delivers a remarkable power output of 19.2 W per single cell at 0.6 V and 750 °C. These advancements have potential to facilitate the future development of high-performance SOFCs at a large scale by nanoengineering of electrodes and are expected to pave the way for the commercialization of this technology.

Low-temperature Sn-Bi solder has wide application in the field of electronic packaging due to its low melting point and good wettability. The formation of Bi-rich phase and intermetallic compound is the major concern for the reliability of Sn-Bi solder joints. We employed first-principles calculations to understand the segregation of Bi and the third elements to the surface of Sn. The effects of alloying elements on inhibiting the Bi surface segregation were described. Our calculations show that the Bi surface segregation could be effectively alleviated by the addition of Ag, Ga, Ni, and In, along with the reduction of further possible formation of intermetallic compounds in the Sn-Bi–based solders. The results could be interpreted by the enhanced bond orders between Bi and its neighboring Sn, alloying elements.

航天器空间结构的尺寸稳定性直接关系到航天器有效载荷和平台的在轨运行性能.为改进空间结构在轨环境下的尺寸变形测量与验证方法,开展了地面模拟在轨真空热环境下的结构热变形试验方法研究.在对国内外相关试验方法与测量系统典型案例分析的基础上,基于工业摄影测量原理提出了单相机+多摄站测量方式的试验方案,并研制了相机保护系统和相机二维运动机构,相机在真空热环境下通过运动机构的弧形导轨可以在一个弧面内二维运动进行不同角度图像拍摄,用来满足多摄站的测量需求;随后针对真空热环境下测量,分析了相机保护系统的光学窗口对测量相机标定结果的影响,通过仿真与试验验证了相机拍摄景深、圆形标志点对比度和比例因子对测量精度的影响,并提出了采集多曝光图像处理方法,从不同曝光下拍摄的圆形标志点图像中优选最佳的圆心提取和识别结果进行融合计算,来保证获取较好的对比度和亮度图像.最后结合典型试验件对提出的真空热环境下结构热变形测量方法进行了试验验证,试验结果达到0.043 mm的测量精度,表明该方法可以有效满足未来航天器空间结构热变形的测量需要.

In this paper, a well-performing solid electrolyte-based NO2 sensor was initially assembled by using Co3V2O8 derived from Co-V-MOF as sensitive electrode material and La10Si5.5Al0.5O26.75 as solid electrolyte. The sensor displayed excellent sensing behaviors towards NO2 by comparison with the sensor using Co3V2O8 fabricated from classical solid state method as electrode material at 575 degrees C. The sensor exhibited good response-recovery characteristics to different NO2 concentrations, with a sensitivity of 78.2 mV/decade in the NO2 concentration range of 50-500 ppm. The sensor also showed good repeatability, strong anti-interference ability to CH4, CO2, O-2, NO and CO, as well as good long-term stability for 30 test days at 575 degrees C. In addition, the sensor had a low cross-sensitivity to water vapor in the relative humidity of 20%-98% at 575 degrees C. The good sensing behaviors could be attributed to the synergistic effect of highly disperse Co/V catalysis sites from Co-V-MOF as well as the larger three-phase boundary of Co3V2O8/La10Si5.5Al0.5O26.75/NO2 The sensing mechanism of the sensor was investigated and it followed the mixed-potential model.

针对煤化工控制阀工作过程中易磨损失效,使用寿命难以确定的问题,提出一种基于数值模拟的控制阀在线实时测量方法,并设计了煤化工控制阀磨损测量系统.首先,利用Visual Basic语言设计了控制阀磨损量测量系统及用户可视化界面;其次,以控制阀流场的有限元数值模拟结果为依据,利用窗体调用方法实现对仿真结果数据的调用计算;最后,基于Preston磨削经验公式,对控制阀关键部位的磨损量进行实时测量,能够实现对控制阀内流场形态、实时速度以及磨损量的定量性判断.该控制阀在线测量方法相对于传统停机测量更加省时省力,并能够为煤化工控制阀的优化设计提供技术支持.

A random fiber laser is achieved based on the plasmonic feedback mechanism, which is constructed by first siphoning the polymer solution doped with silver nanoparticles into a 300-μm capillary tube and then evaporating the solvent. Strong amplification of the radiation can be obtained by employing the variable gain region, the fiber waveguide scheme and three-dimensional plasmonic feedback provided by the silver nanoparticles. Low-threshold directional random lasing is observed in the polymer fiber. This simple and straightforward approach facilitates the investigation of plasmonic random fiber lasers.

基于硅玻璃键合工艺的扭摆式加速度计,其信号输出对扭转梁上的应力极敏感,而微加工过程中由于硅、玻璃两种材料热膨胀系数不匹配,会在扭转梁上引入较大的热应力,进而引起加速度计温度漂移.为此,提出一种具有应力隔离结构的扭摆式电容加速度计.通过缓冲折叠梁和内支撑框架的优化组合,使热应力难以传递到扭转梁上,从而有效降低加速度计的温度漂移.使用ANSYS软件对加速度计进行了模态和热应力分析,结果表明:工作模态的固有频率为1 352 Hz,远小于其他干扰模态的频率;加速度计的灵敏度为0.386 pF/g(g=9.8 m/s2);相同条件下,不带隔离结构的扭摆加速度计的热应力主要集中在扭转梁的末端,其最大应力约100 MPa;具有应力隔离结构的加速度计,其热应力主要集中在缓冲折叠梁上,而扭转梁上的应力约为1.7 MPa,仅为前者的1.7％.采用硅-玻璃键合和电感耦合等离子体(ICP)刻蚀工艺,完成了加速度计芯片的制作.

One- and two-dimensional distributed feedback cavities were constructed on free-standing polymer membranes using spin-coating and lift-off techniques. Low threshold lasing was generated through feedback amplification when the 290-nm membrane device was optically pumped, which was attributed to the strong confinement mechanism provided by the active waveguide layer without a substrate. The free-standing membrane polymer laser is flexible and can be transplanted. Single- and dual-wavelength fiber lasers were achieved by directly attaching the membrane polymer laser on the optical fiber end face. This technique provides potential to fabricate polymer lasers on surfaces with arbitrary shapes.

A mechanically-tunable random laser based on a waveguide-plasmonic scheme has been investigated. This laser can be constructed by spin coating a solution of polydimethylsiloxane doped with the rhodamine 6G organic dye and silver nanowires onto a silicone rubber slab. The excellent overlap of the plasmon resonance peak of the silver nanowires with both the pump wavelength and the photoluminescence spectrum provides the low threshold and tuning properties of the random laser. The random laser wavelength can be tuned from 558 to 565 nm by stretching the soft substrate, which causes reorientation and breakage of the silver nanowires. The polarization state of the random laser can also be changed from random polarization to partial polarization by stretching. The laser performance remains unchanged after the stretching and restoration experiments. These results not only enable easy realization of an ultrathin flexible plasmonic random laser but also provide insights into the mechanisms of three-dimensional plasmonic feedback random lasers.

Tunable multi-wavelength polymer lasers based on two-dimensional distributed feedback structures are fabricated on a transparent flexible substrate using interference ablation. A scalene triangular lattice structure was designed to support stable tri-wavelength lasing emission and was achieved through multiple exposure processes. Three wavelengths were controlled by three periods of the compound cavity. Mode competition among different cavity modes was observed by changing the pump fluence. Both a redshift and blueshift of the laser wavelength could be achieved by bending the soft substrate. These results not only provide insight into the physical mechanisms behind co-cavity polymer lasers but also introduce new laser sources and laser designs for white light lasers.

Gold silver bimetallic nanoparticles with broad plasmon response were fabricated on soft substrates using a laser-induced transfer technique. The bimetallic nanostructures were fabricated with centimeter scale. By careful design, an approximately 200-nm broad plasmon response can be obtained by gold silver alloy nanoparticles, which can be attributed to the electromagnetic interaction between gold and silver nanoparticles. This nanofabrication technique provides an annealing-free approach for the fabrication of flexible bimetallic nanostructures with a broad plasmon response with low cost. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

Red-green-blue polymer laser emission is achieved in a free-standing membrane device consisting of three distributed feedback cavities. The polymer membrane is fabricated via interference lithography and a simple lift-off process. Multilayer structures can be assembled by cascading several polymer membranes. Thus optically pumped, simultaneous, red-green-blue laser emission is obtained from a three-layer cascaded membrane structure. This simple and low-cost fabrication technique can be used for compact, integrated laser sources.

A wireless passive pressure sensor based on low temperature co-fired ceramic( LTCC) is designed. The working circuit of sensor is composed of a LC resonant circuit,which consists of an inductor and a capacitor in parallel,and a planar spiral inductor and a parallel plate capacitor is fabricated by thick-film process. The strain characteristic of the sensor is based on the response of resonance frequency of the LC circuit to the applied pressure,and wireless detection is realized by electromagnetic coupling with two inductances. Test results show that the resonance frequency of sensor decreases with the increase of pressure,and response sensitivity of the resonance frequency to pressure is about 331. 70 kHz / bar.

The CFD software Fluent and Gambit had been introduced for the simulation of the flow and temperature fields of the wet desulphurization. The flue gas flow is described using standard k-ɛ turbulence model and the motion of the liquid droplets is described using the particle path model. The problems of the desulphurization spray tower were found the flue gas stuck tower wall, the distribution of the flow-fields was not an ideal state and the temperature of the export was higher by numerical simulation. Aiming at these problems it was optimized design by numerical simulation. The simulation results indicate that the angle of the flue gas entrance was down to 15°, the turbulence in right side of the tower was intensify, and the flue gas stuck tower wall had an improvement in left side of the tower. The desulfurization spray tower was installed the flue gas distributor in area of atomization down spray layers, the flue gas was made circumfluence follow the flue gas distributor and flowed in Dense-Phase Zone of spray. At the same time the gas temperature of the export was lower than before the reformation. The study results supplied the basis of optimization of the structure to desulphurization spray tower.