Sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic theories and methods were employed in the study of sequence stratigraphic features and sedimentary system distributions in the Cretaceous of the Jake oil field in Fula sag,Muglad Basin,Sudan.Data gathered through core,drilling and logging and seismic events,were resorted to establish sequence stratigraphic framework,determine the types and distribution of sedimentary facies and understand evolution pattern and controlling factors in Lower Cretaceous.The Cretaceous can be described as three second-order sequences, and Lower Cretaceous can be divided into seven three-order sequences.The result shows that sedimentary facies including fan delta,submarine fan,braided river deltas and rivers deposits were recognized in the Lower Cretaceous.Depositional facies varied vertically from fan delta to submarine fan and then to braided river delta in Abu Gabra Formation, and from braided river to meandering river and then to delta in the Bentiu Formation.The distribution of the sediments is controlled by multi-factors in Jake oil field. Vertically, tectonic activity is the main factor which control the facies change in Abu Gabra. However, climate change and coast recession mainly affect the facies distribution. Horizontally,sediment supply and local subsidence differences controlled the distribution of sand body.

本文提出了一种基于结构导向集总的催化重整过程建模方法,能够从分子水平描述催化重整过程原料分子到产物分子的转化过程,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)采集催化重整过程原料和反应产物的样品,进行分子组成分析;(2)根据反应器及使用催化剂的特征建立反应规则集;(3)使用原料分子组成与反应规则自动生成反应网络;(4)估算反应过程的转化率;(5)调整反应深度,计算催化重整过程产物的分子组成;(6)对照计算的分子组成结果与实际分析的分子组成数据,计算模型预测误差;若实际分析分子组成数据与预测计算结果之间误差较大,重复步骤(4)～(6),直到最终的模型预测结果与实际分析检测数据误差满足精度要求.根据该方法建立分子级的催化重整过程模型,使用352种原料分子,17条反应规则,建立反应网络,包含中间产物、产品分子533种,共有分子反应转化路径617条.针对不同的工况,模型的预测结果的平均相对误差小于3％.根据所得到的模型,可以对催化重整过程进行更精细的优化,或者为炼油全流程计划优化模型提供预测数据.

Based on abundant core data and close-spacing well data, this paper analyzed the single sand body architecture and constructed the sedimentary architecture model of the distal fine-grain braided delta in Laojunmiao Oilfield. The results show that the gentle slope and the long distance to the source area are the main factors which determine the development of fine-grain braided delta. The typical characteristics of distal fine-grain braided delta include small grain size ( with an average of 0. 08mm), small sedimentary structure and thin channels. The distributary channel can be divided into two types:the inter-texture-continuous channel and the intertexture divaricated channel. The intertexture-continuous channel is formed through the bifurcation and convergence of single distributary channels. The evolution of distributary channel has three modes, and there are three stages in the entire development of distributary channel, including the obvious isolated distributary channel, the intertexture channel in the manner of crevasse, and the continuous channel in a manner of inter channel erosion and later-al erosion for the early, middle and late stages, respectively. Delta front develops large area mouth bars due to the weak dis-tributary channel energy and there is minimal reconstruction in the former mouth bars. The continuous mouth bars are formed by the amalgamation and superimposition of single bars. The amalgamation patterns of mouth bars are coupled with the evolu-tion of the front delta:in the early stage, the amalgamation is characterized as weak bar edge joint. Subsequently, the amal-gamation is characterized by entire bar edge joint. In the final phase, the amalgamation is characterized as weak or entire su-perimposition.

Taking the Jake area in Fula Depression,Muglad Basin,Sudan as an example,the sedimentology characteristics of shallow water delta in lacustrian basins were studied using core,logging and 3D seismic data in combination with flume simulation experi ment,so as to summarize the formation process and development pattern of shallow water delta.Shallow water deltas are developed in the upper part of the Cretaceous Abu Gabra Formation in the Jake area,where the scale of single lobe and sediment thickness gradually decrease with decreasing water depth.In the vertical direction,there are small imbricate,wavy,flaky and divergent progradational reflection patterns;the length width ratio of single event increases successively.On the horizontal level,frequent bifurcation and divagation of channels in lobes result in the scale-like distribution of distributary channels.The development period of shallow water delta is greatly influenced by seasonal fluctuation of water level and sediment supply.A cycle of sedimentation can be divided into flood period,interflood period and drought period.In the flood period,sediment supply is adequate.In the early-middle stage,water level is high and channels are destroyed under water;lobes move forward quickly,showing blanket deposit.In the late stage,water level decreases and lobes break the surface of water.Thus,new channels are formed.During the interflood period,water level is relatively high and sediment supply is adequate;the mainstream line frequently changes and channels are wide and shallow;lobes expand significantly.In the drought period,sediment supply is deficient and water level is low;channels are narrow and deep,undercutting lobes;the construction effect of lobe is weak.

阐述了板翅式换热器的基本结构、翅片类型以及传热机理.从钎焊工艺、新型材料开发和计算机辅助系统三个方面,探讨了板翅式换热器技术近些年的发展历程和发展方向.简述了板翅式换热器在多股流复杂换热过程中的应用,并展望了板翅式换热器在新能源开发等领域的发展前景.

Sequence-stratigraphic and sedimentologic theories and methods were employed in the study of sequence strati-graphic features and sedimentary system distributions in the Baiyanghe Formaiton of the Laojunmiao structural belt in Yu-men oilfield,Jiuxi Basin,northwestern China.Data gathered through core and outsrrop observation and analyses,drilling and logging,and sesimic events,were resorted to establish sequence stratigraphic framework,determine the types and dis-tribution of sedimenatry facies,and understand evolution pattern and controlling factors in the Formation.The result shows that the Formation can be described as a complete three-order sequence, which can be divided into 7 quasi-sequence sets.Sedimentary facies including alluvial fans,braided rivers,braided river deltas and lake depostis,were recognized in the sequence.Depositional facies varied vertically from alluvial fans to braided river delta and then to lake flooding mud-stone and finally to delta.Horizontally,the facies presents itself as a near southeast-northwest sedimenatry system-a sedi-mentary sequence of water transgression and regression.Paleogeomorphology controlled the distribution of the sediments of lowstand system tract of the three-order sequence and climate affected the types of sediments and controlled the superim-posed style and evolution pattern of the sediment in the Formation.

针对林区油井水力压裂改造规模的扩大,试油压裂产生的废水大量增加,传统方法处理废水成本高,环保压力大问题.采用液体回收处理再利用技术让压裂返排液和抽汲液体经过回收装置和添加剂处理后,实现同一口井和相邻井间返排液的回收再压裂利用.现场应用表明,回收液体利用率达到90％以上,单口水平井节约用水24.86％,单口直井节约用水最高可达50％,为今后压裂返排液利用提供了可靠的技术保障.

Since pinch technology of refinery hydrogen distribution systems was put forward in 1996, the researches and applications have been developing very fast. The review was trying to summarize the progresses in this field. The existing software packages were also introduced.