Guided by a bioecological model, this study examines variability in infant mental health by maternal work schedule in the context of poverty. More time in irregular work schedules, but not fixed night/evening schedules, predicts maternal depression and subsequent behavior problems in infants.

We examined the measurement invariance of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised-Very Short Form (IBQR-VSF; Putnam, Helbig, Gartstein, Rothbart, & Leerkes, 2014 ) in a sample of 470 racially (185 White, 285 African American) and socioeconomically diverse mothers (158 below federal poverty threshold, 296 above federal poverty threshold) of infants. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we demonstrated configural, full metric, and full scalar invariance demonstrating that the 3-factor structure (negative emotionality, positive affectivity/surgency, orienting/regulatory capacity), pattern of item loadings, and item means were comparable for White and African American mothers, and for poor and not poor mothers. In addition, we demonstrated full error invariance across racial groups and partial error variance invariance across poverty status, demonstrating that item reliability was comparable for White and African American mothers, and both those above and below the poverty line (with the exception of a subset of items). Thus, the IBQR-VSF appears appropriate for use in racially and socioeconomically diverse samples.

•White and Non-White low income mothers of 3 month olds completed the IBQR VSF.•The negative emotionality subscale of the IBQ-R VSF was invariant between groups.•Mother-reported and observed negative emotionality were convergent across groups.

Informed by Marks's three corners model, this study explored the moderating role of husbands' relational interference in the link between relational support from close friends and wives' marital and family relationship quality. Using data from 52 wives rearing school-aged children, results from a hierarchical regression analysis suggested that husbands' interference moderates the association between support from close friends and both wives' marital satisfaction and mother-child relationship quality. At low levels of interference from husbands, support from close friends is positively associated with wives' reports of marital satisfaction, and at high levels of spousal interference, support from close friends is positively associated with mother-child relationship quality. Theoretical implications for studying these processes as they co-occur across multiple close relationships are discussed.

Data were analyzed from 641 children and their families in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to test the hypotheses that in the early school years, mothers' and fathers' sensitive support for autonomy in observed parent-child interactions would each make unique predictions to children's reading and math achievement at Grade 3 (controlling for demographic variables), children's reading and math abilities at 54 months, and children's level of effortful control at 54 months and that these associations would be mediated by the level of and changes over time in children's observed self-reliance in the classroom from Grades 1 through 3. The authors found that mothers' and fathers' support for autonomy were significantly and uniquely associated with children's Grade 3 reading and math achievement with the above controls, but only for boys. For boys, the effect of mothers' support for child autonomy was mediated by higher self-reliance at Grade 1 and of fathers' support for child autonomy by greater increases in self-reliance from Grades 1 through 3.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), located in Geneva, will collect 3 to 4 petabytes or PB (1015 bytes) of data for each year of its operation, when fully commissioned. Secondary data sets resulting from event reconstruction, reprocessing and calibration will result in an additional 2.5 PB for each year of data taking. Simulated data sets require also significant resources as well nearing 1 PB per year. The data will be distributed worldwide to ten Tier-1 computing centres within the Worldwide LHC computing grid (WLCG) that will operate around the clock. One of these centres is hosted at TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, located in Vancouver, BC. By the year 2010, the storage capacity at TRIUMF will consist of about 3 Petabyte of disk storage, and 2 PB of tape storage. At present, the disk capacity installed is 750 terabytes or TB (1012 bytes) while the tape capacity is 560 TB, both using state of the art technology. dCache from www.dcache.org is used to manage the entire storage in order to provide a common file namespace. It is a highly scalable solution and highly configurable. In this paper we will describe and review the storage infrastructure and configuration currently in place at the Tier-1 centre at TRIUMF for both disk and tape as well as the management software and tools that have been developed.

Networking at an ATLAS Tier-1 (Tl) facility is a demanding aspect which is vital to the overall performance and efficiency of the facility. External connectivity of the facility to other tiers of the large hadron collider optical private network (LHCOPN) is largely via dedicated lightpaths as required to meet memorandum of understanding (MOU) commitments. Our primary dedicated link to CERN has an independent, although smaller capacity, dedicated backup link for redundancy. Dedicated lightpaths to the Canadian Tier-2 facilities, and the international partner Tier-1 facilities failover to national and international research networks in the event of failure. The distance between TRIUMF and CERN, and even TRIUMF to some of it's Tier-2 facilities in Canada is thousands of kilometers. Transferring data at the hundreds of terabytes of data level (per year) over such distances and complex networks requires both dedicated bandwidth and network resiliency. Failure scenario, including both fail- over and fail-back, must be handled efficiently and for the most part automatically. Although modern network routing protocols handle this well, monitoring processes become key to management of the infrastructure as the complexity of our Tier-1 site connectivity grows. Internal networking efficiency is also vital to the ATLAS computing model. Large data sets are moved from onsite storage to local scratch disks before analysis, and proper network scaling is vital for efficient use of compute nodes. Although 10 Gigabit network infrastructure (routers) is well established, server 10 Gigabit network components and drivers are not as mature as their I Gigabit counterparts, and resource issues have been observed during extreme load testing. In this paper, internal facility networking, as well as external connectivity issues will be discussed.

The early developmental antecedents of individual differences in children's social functioning with peers in third grade were examined using longitudinal data from the large-scale NICHD Study of Early Child Care. In a sample of 1364 children, with family and child factors controlled, the frequency of positive and negative peer interactions in child care between 24 and 54 months and the number of hours spent in child-care peer groups of different sizes (alone; dyad; small; medium; large), predicted third graders' peer competence at three levels of analysis: individual social skills, dyadic friendships, and peer group acceptance. Children who had more positive experiences with peers in child care had better social and communicative skills with peers in third grade, were more sociable and cooperative and less aggressive, had more close friends, and were more accepted and popular. Children with more frequent negative experiences with peers in child care were more aggressive in third grade, had lower social and communicative skills, and reported having fewer friends. When children spent more time in small-sized peer groups in child care (4 or fewer children at 24 months of age, up to 7 or fewer at 54 months), they were more sociable and cooperative in third grade, but their teachers rated them as more aggressive suggesting that such children may be more socially outgoing and active both positively and negatively. Like those who spent more time in small peer groups, children who spent more hours in medium-sized groups received higher ratings for peer aggression by their third grade teachers. Children who spent more time with one other child in child care or in small peer groups had fewer classroom friends in third grade as reported by the teacher but not according to maternal report or self report. There were no significant associations between the amount of time children spent in large child-care based peer groups and third grade peer social competence.

In preparation for the startup of the LHC at CERN, the ATLAS collaboration is performing computing challenges of increasing complexity and scale. Monte Carlo production is ongoing with some 10,000 concurrent jobs worldwide, including at Canadian collaborating institutes. TRIUMF hosts one of the 10 ATLAS 'Tier-1' data and computing centres, where 270 TB of data per year will be transferred, by high performance dedicated networks, processed and redistributed for analysis. We discuss recent large scale tests of all aspects of middleware, hardware infrastructure and procedures to support the 24 times 7 operation of the Tier-1 centre, required for LHC running.

Relations of duration and developmental timing of poverty to children's development from birth to age 9 were examined by comparing children from families who were never poor, poor only during the child's infancy (O - 3 years of age), poor only after infancy (4-9 years of age), and chronically poor. Chronically poor families provided lower quality childrearing environments, and children in these families showed lower cognitive performance and more behavior problems than did other children. Any experience of poverty was associated with less favorable family situations and child outcomes than never being poor. Being poor later tended to be more detrimental than early poverty. Mediational analyses indicated that poverty was linked to child outcomes in part through less positive parenting.

This study examined the friendship experiences of 52 wives and mothers, with particular attention given to wives' marriage work (discussions about concerns and problems in the marriage) in 10 domains with friends and spouses. A series of within-subjects repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that in all but two domains, wives were equally likely to talk to their spouses and their close friends about marital concerns. A series of hierarchical regression analyses tested whether women's marriage work with their spouses moderated the link between marriage work with friends and reports of marital quality. Support for moderation was found for reports of conflict or negativity and satisfaction. Implications for family practitioners and programming are discussed.

The types of non-maternal child care received by more than 1000 U.S. children were examined from birth to 54 months and related to family selection factors and to child outcomes. Individual children tended to experience a variety of different types of care and not to fit into clear patterns of either stable care types or progressive patterns of movement from less structured to more highly structured care settings. Across the entire sample, however, hours in center care were higher in the preschool period than earlier, whereas hours in relative care remained stable and hours in child care homes decreased. Mothers who were single, those with more education and less traditional beliefs about child rearing, and families with higher incomes and fewer children in the household were more likely to use more hours of center care than other families; single mothers and those with fewer children also used more hours of care in child care homes. Minority families, those with low incomes, and mothers with less education and fewer children used more hours of relative care. With family selection factors and quality of child care controlled, only hours in center care across the time period from 3 to 54 months were related to child outcomes. Children who experienced more center care were reported by caregivers at 54 months to have somewhat higher externalizing behavior problem scores than other children, although these scores were not in the clinical or at-risk range. Center care hours were also related to cognitive and language outcomes, with more hours in infancy associated with lower preacademic test scores and more hours in the toddler period with higher language scores.

AbstractThe author offers a step‐by‐step guide of easy‐to‐implement processes that speed up customer payments—resulting in greater efficiency and bottom‐line results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The configuration capabilities provided by ASP.NET enable to configure almost every aspect of ASP.NET and the way applications are processed. It provides this ability using the machine.config file and web.config files. These files are processed in a hierarchical manner with each higher-level file overriding previous settings. All settings are cached, and when a change is detected in the configuration files, the configuration is then reached. When using the configuration files to configure ASP.NET, various tags, subtags, attributes, and options are used. Each of these enables to control built-in configuration options or create new configuration options as seems fit. By using the available options, one can control everything from application variables down to compilation options. The configuration files used by ASP.NETare formatted in XML and are case-sensitive. All values within configuration are accessible using one of the three methods of “Retrieving Settings” section: Session Method, ConfigurationSettings.App Settings, and ConfigurationSettings.GetConfig.