Einleitung Mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren (LCPUFA) zeigen im Asthma-Mausmodell und in einigen klinischen Studien eine anti-inflammatorische Wirkung. Die möglichen positiven und anti-entzündlichen Effekte einer LCPUFA-Supplementation (2640 mg/Tag) sollten Placebo-kontrolliert in einem kombinierten niedrig- und hochdosierten Bronchoprovokationsmodell bei Patienten mit Hausstaubmilben (HDM)-induziertem Asthma untersucht werden.

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are reported to resolve chronic inflammation in asthma and other lung diseases. This study aimed to accelerate the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) into lung tissue through the coapplication of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) which enhance the fat-metabolic rate. Female C57BL/6 mice were supplemented with either 1363,6 mg EPA or 1363,6 mg EPA and MCFAs at 30% of the total fat per kg body weight per day for 28 days (each group size: n=21). The resorption of EPA into the peripheral blood and lung tissue was monitored over 63 days including the wash-out phase. In the peripheral blood plasma and clots the supplementation with EPA always led to higher EPA concentrations than the administration of EPA with MCFAs pointing to a preferred EPA incorporation into tissues induced by MCFAs (EPA in plasma at day 26: EPA 12.33 wt% ± 1.41; EPA and MCFAs 3.91 wt% ± 0.32; Δ 8.42; p< 0.001; EPA in clots at day 26: EPA 16.44 wt% ± 1.82; EPA and MCFAs 4.47 wt% ± 1.26; Δ 11.97; p< 0.001). In the lung tissue the EPA-incorporation at day 26 was increased by MCFAs compared to the EPA-administration alone (EPA in lung tissue at day 26: EPA 1.28 wt% ± 0.18; EPA and MCFAs 1.83 wt% ± 0.17; Δ 0.55; p< 0.01). The present study recommends the use of dietary LCPUFA supplementation with MCFAs to support their incorporation into lung tissues.

ScopeThe study aims at identifying 1) the most sensitive compartment among plasma phospholipids, erythrocytes, and LDL for studying alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) conversion, and 2) whether ALA incorporation and conversion is saturable after administration of 13C‐labeled ALA‐rich linseed oil (LO). The effect of a daily intake of 7 g nonlabeled LO (>43% w/w ALA) for 1 month after bolus administration of 7 g 13C‐labeled LO on day 1, and for 2 months after bolus administration of 7 g 13C‐labeled LO on day 1 and day 29 on 13C‐ALA incorporation and conversion into its higher homologs is investigated in healthy volunteers.Methods and resultsIncorporation and conversion of LO‐derived 13C‐labeled ALA is quantified by applying compartmental modeling. After bolus administration, a fractional conversion of approximately 30% from 13C‐ALA to 13C‐DHA is calculated as reflected by the LDL compartment. Treatment with LO for 8 weeks induces a mean reduction of 13C‐ALA conversion to 13C‐DHA by 48% as reflected by the LDL compartment, and a mean reduction of the 13C‐ALA incorporation into LDL by 46%.ConclusionA 2‐month dietary intake of a high dose of LO is sufficient to reach saturation of ALA incorporation into LDL particles, which are responsible for ALA distribution in the body.

Trout by-product hydrolysates, generated using trout pepsin, were characterized and studied in terms of their antibacterial effects against food contaminants and fish farming pathogens. After a hydrolysis time of 25 min, the hydrolysates demonstrated inhibitory activity against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was found to exert a considerable influence on antibacterial activity, with a significant increase in the observed inhibitory effect at the beginning of hydrolysis. The highest antibacterial activity was obtained at a DH of 30% (enzyme/protein ratio 0.04 U/mg of protein, enzyme activity 6.5 U/mg protein, hydrolysis conditions 37 °C, pH 3.0). The highest antibacterial activity detected was against the fish farming bacteria Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Renibacterium salmoninarum, with minimal inhibition concentrations of 2 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml, respectively. The amino acid determination of the hydrolysate (DH 30%) revealed that lysine, leucine, alanine, arginine, glycine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues represented the major amino acids.

Allergic bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with an increasing incidence in Western societies. Exposure to allergens provokes recurrent attacks of breathlessness, airway hyperreactivity, wheezing, and coughing. For the early phase and milder forms of allergic asthma, dietary supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), predominantly fish oil-associated eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 ω-3), and distinct crop oil-derived fatty acids might provide a sustainable treatment strategy, as discussed in several studies. In addition to immune-controlling prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes, specialized proresolving mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are metabolized from different LCPUFA, which actively resolve inflammation. The aim of this review was to discuss the possible synergistic effects of ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFA combinations concerning rebuilding fatty acid homeostasis in cellular membranes, modifying eicosanoid metabolic pathways, controlling inflammatory processes by focusing on resolving inflammation in the bronchoalveolar system on the cellular level, and helping to control clinical symptoms in bronchial asthma.

At the Department of Food Technology at Fulda University of Applied Sciences different methods for microencapsulation of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 were investigated. The aim of these studies was to develop a process to stabilize the probiotic bacteria for storage and to prevent them from the gastric conditions, to ensure that a satisfactory amount of the probiotics could reach their target location, the human intestine. Drying processes like spray drying and freeze drying were tested as well as fluidized bed granulation with optional Wurster coating using different auxiliary materials. As encapsulation material maltodextrine, sweet whey powder or gummi arabicum were used. The coating experiments were performed with an aqueous shellac solution. In the performed studies the fluidized bed bottom spray granulation with an additional Wurster coating turned out to be an encouraging procedure to keep the probiotics in a stable form resistant against gastric conditions. The survival rate in the simulated gastro-intestinal passage could be increased up to the sevenfold amount of the untreated bacteria.