Children with special health care needs require health and related services beyond those required by children in general, which may affect their participation and inclusion in school. School nurses play a key role in supporting these children through a range of health-related interventions within the school setting. However, evidence on school nurse–led interventions for this population remains fragmented. This scoping review will follow the JBI methodology and aims to map the nature and extent of interventions developed by school nurses for children with special health care needs in school settings worldwide. The review will provide an overview of current practices and may inform the development of school health policies and evidence-informed nursing interventions. This research is registered on the Open Science Framework platform since 10 June 2024, with data updated on 26 August 2025.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a esperança da mulher jovem diagnosticada com sífilis gestacional no contexto da atenção pré-natal. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, embasada na análise temática, sob a ótica conceitual da esperança. Foi desenvolvida no estado de São Paulo com mulheres jovens diagnosticadas com sífilis gestacional no pré-natal por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e áudio gravadas realizadas entre julho de 2023 e abril de 2024. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 16 mulheres jovens, todas autodeclaradas pretas ou pardas, das quais quatro eram primíparas e a maioria tinha até nove anos de estudo. A vivência da esperança está retratada nas seguintes unidades temáticas: “Ameaças à esperança”, com os subtemas “Estigma e sofrimentos” e “Suporte informacional e social restritos”; e “Promotores da esperança”, com os subtemas “Proteção da criança” e “Preservação de si”. Conclusão: As mulheres enfrentaram, na atenção pré-natal, a dialética de contextos ameaçadores e promotores da esperança. Nesse sentido, destacaram-se, respectivamente, o suporte profissional lacunar às necessidades emocionais e informacionais e a clareza do objeto desejado (não contaminação da sua criança) associada à reflexão internalizada sobre o exercício de seu papel materno.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the hope of young women diagnosed with gestational syphilis in the context of prenatal care. METHOD:Qualitative research, based on thematic analysis, from the conceptual perspective of hope. It was developed in the state of São Paulo with young women diagnosed with gestational syphilis during prenatal care through semi-structured interviews and audio recordings conducted between July 2023 and April 2024. RESULTS:Sixteen young women participated in the study, all self-identifying as black or mixed-race, four of whom were first-time mothers, and most had up to nine years of schooling. The experience of hope is portrayed in the following thematic units: "Threats to hope", with the subtopics "Stigma and suffering" and "Restricted informational and social support"; and "Promoters of hope", with the subtopics "Child protection" and "Self-preservation". CONCLUSION:In prenatal care, women faced a dialectic of threatening and hope-promising contexts. In this sense, the following stood out, respectively: the incomplete professional support for emotional and informational needs, and the clarity of the desired objective (non-contamination of their child) associated with internalized reflection on the exercise of their maternal role.

Enquadramento: Os questionários de avaliação dos hábitos posturais e da postura corporal, em geral, não são capazes de avaliar as posturas dinâmicas, nem de mensurar a transferência do conhecimento para a execução do movimento, facto este facilmente observado na filmagem da postura dinâmica. Objetivo: Traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e analisar psicometricamente o esquema de avaliação da postura dinâmica Lay-out for Assessing Dynamic Posture (LADy), em pré-adolescentes portugueses. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo metodológico de tradução, adaptação cultural e análise psicométrica, em que foi avaliada a reprodutividade inter-avaliadores do instrumento. Resultados: Participaram no estudo 59 pré-adolescentes, de um agrupamento escolar do norte de Portugal. A reprodutibilidade para cada item foi avaliada de mínima a excelente (k = 0,04 a 1). Das nove posturas dinâmicas e dos 53 itens de avaliação que constituem o LADy original, foram mantidas oito e, respetivamente, 38 itens, na versão portuguesa. Conclusão: O LADy-Portugal é um instrumento válido e reprodutível para avaliar a postura dinâmica dos pré-adolescentes em contexto escolar, desde que cumpridas as instruções do seu uso.

AIM:To increase conceptual clarity regarding the self-management of school-age children and adolescents with chronic illnesses in a community context. DESIGN:Concept Analysis: Rodgers' evolutionary approach. DATA SOURCES:Search conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Nursing and Allied Health Collection, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane, Web of Science, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scopus, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis. Thirty-one articles were identified, published between 2004 and 2023. REPORTING METHOD:Followed the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research guidelines-Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. RESULTS:Self-management in children and adolescents with chronic illness, in school age, in a community context, consists of a process of acquiring knowledge and beliefs that promote the self-efficacy of this population in developing skills to face needs inherent to the health condition. CONCLUSION:Promoting self-management goes beyond simply educating for skill acquisition. Participants with stronger beliefs in their ability to control their behaviours are more successful in self-management. The activation of resources that position the child as an agent of change is recommended. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE:It contributes to the development of strategies that promote self-management across different healthcare disciplines, focusing on education and change, but also on psychological encouragement to foster confidence in change. IMPACT:Competent self-management during childhood promotes autonomy, empowerment, and control of the condition, with consequent physical and emotional well-being, quality of life, family stability, and social development. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION:There was no direct contribution from patients or the public in this work (literature review).

Enquadramento: A transição escolar para o segundo ciclo no ensino básico, caracteriza-se por várias mudanças sobre as quais os adolescentes experienciam diversos desafios sociais, emocionais e relacionais que são passiveis de influenciar o seu estilo de vida saudável. Objetivo: Caracterizar o estilo de vida dos adolescentes que frequentam o segundo ciclo do ensino básico na Região Autónoma da Madeira. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-correlacional, transversal, amostra probabilística de 170 adolescentes de cinco escolas do Arquipélago da Madeira, com recurso ao instrumento O Meu Estilo de Vida FANTASTICO. Resultados: Participantes, maioritariamente adolescentes com 10 anos de idade (77,10%). A mensuração do estilo de vida revelou que 56,5% deles, se posiciona no nível Muito Bom. As áreas menos positivas referem-se à Atividade Física e Social, Imagem Interior, Nutrição e ainda ao nível do Controlo da Saúde e Sexualidade. Conclusão: A avaliação dos Estilos de Vida dos adolescentes permitiu caraterizar este grupo populacional, dando origem a focos de intervenção considerados extremamente relevantes para a implementação de intervenções de promoção da saúde.

Enquadramento: Crianças com Necessidades de Saúde Especiais (NSE) apresentam diversas necessidades de saúde que podem influenciar a sua integração e o seu percurso escolar. A identificação precoce das NSE é fundamental para que as equipas de saúde familiar e escolar planeiem melhores cuidados de saúde e potenciem a inclusão escolar. Objetivo: Traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar para a população portuguesa o instrumento Children with Special Health Care Needs Screener (CSHCN Screener). Metodologia: Estudo metodológico que inclui a tradução e adaptação semântica e cultural. Participaram 390 pais de crianças da região norte de Portugal. Resultados: A versão portuguesa é composta por 14 itens. O painel de peritos e os pais de crianças com NSE consideraram o instrumento aceitável, compreensível e com validade no conteúdo. O CSHCN Screener levou cerca de um minuto a ser preenchido ou autopreenchido. Conclusão: A versão portuguesa do CSHCN Screener demonstra ser um instrumento válido e fiável na identificação de crianças com NSE.

(1) Background: The scientific literature highlights that children diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) are at a heightened risk of experiencing physical, psychological, and social challenges, impacting their overall healthy childhood development. However, there remains a lack of a clear understanding regarding the factors that contribute to this vulnerability. The purpose of this study is to analyze and map the evidence on the sociopsychosomatic vulnerability of these children and identify gaps in this topic. (2) Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines for scoping reviews, we executed a detailed search of key electronic databases and explored the grey literature to capture a broad spectrum of studies. Our focus was on identifying research that looked into the multiple dimensions of vulnerability-physical, psychological, and social-in children with CD. We included a diverse range of study designs as well as systematic reviews, ensuring a comprehensive analysis. The selection process was stringent, utilizing clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. (3) Results: We identified 61 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The review highlighted significant adverse health outcomes in children with CD and elucidated various individual and environmental determinants that influenced these vulnerabilities. It also underscored the lack of assessment tools to evaluate the risk of health problems in this population. (4) Conclusions: The findings underscore a critical need for further research to deepen our understanding of the vulnerabilities associated with CD in children. Developing targeted assessment tools will be crucial in stratifying health risks and enhancing care strategies for this vulnerable population.

Enquadramento: A avaliação da perceção dos pais de crianças hospitalizadas sobre o apoio dos enfermeiros constitui um contributo para aferir a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem pediátricos. Objetivo: Concluir o processo de Adaptação Cultural e Validação da Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST) para a realidade portuguesa, avaliando a confiabilidade e validade. Metodologia: Estudo metodológico quantitativo, com uma amostra de 291 pais de crianças hospitalizadas. As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento foram aferidas, avaliando a confiabilidade através do cálculo do coeficiente do alfa de Crohnbach, e a validade de construto, pela análise fatorial exploratória, com rotação Varimax. Resultados: A NPST apresenta características psicométricas apropriadas à população portuguesa, de pais de crianças hospitalizadas (alfa de Cronhbach 0,925), garantindo-lhe a confiabilidade e validade para medir o apoio dado pelos enfermeiros. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que a Escala de Apoio dos Enfermeiros aos Pais (EAEP), versão portuguesa da NPST, é um instrumento fiável e válido para avaliar o apoio dos enfermeiros, aos pais da criança hospitalizada e apresenta muito boa consistência interna.

(1) Background: The scientific literature reports that children with celiac disease (CD) are more susceptible to developing physical, psychological and social problems, conditioning their healthy childhood development. Despite this scientific evidence, the knowledge about determinants of vulnerability for the development of such problems is not consistent. In order to search the literature, a scoping review was conducted to analyse and map the evidence on the sociopsychosomatic vulnerability of children with CD and identify the gaps in this topic. (2) Methods: The methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be adopted and aims to identify studies that meet pre-defined eligibility criteria. The survey will include a range of relevant electronic databases as well as grey literature using related terms such as vulnerability, child and celiac disease. (3) Results: This review will consider any type of quantitative, qualitative and mixed studies and systematic reviews, focusing on dimensions of vulnerability in children with CD. The process of selection of studies, data extraction and analysis will be developed by two independent researchers. A third and fourth researcher will be involved in the study when there is no consensus between the previous researchers, as well as for resolving issues regarding the methodological process. (4) Conclusions: Identifying the determinants of vulnerability in children with CD will help nurses to understand the impact on their childhood development and trace possible gaps. This research is registered on the platform Open Science Framework (OSF).

Background: The scientific literature describes that self-management of chronic illness leads to improved health outcomes. Knowledge about interventions that promote self-management behaviors in children and teenagers has been poorly clarified. This study aims to map, in the scientific literature, the nature and extent of interventions that promote self-management of chronic disease, implemented and evaluated in contexts of health care provided to children and teenagers. Methods: The guidelines proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute were followed. The survey was conducted in June 2021, with access to international databases and gray literature, in Portuguese, English, French, and Spanish. Results: Interventions that promote self-management of children and teenagers can be developed through a local contact or through technological means of support for health care. The use of online supports, such as applications or communication platforms, should be parameterized with health professionals, according to the needs of users. Conclusions: The acquisition of self-management skills in pediatrics is a process supported by the family, health professionals and the community, in which the nurse, in partnership, can promote communication and health education through cognitive strategies, behavioral programs included in physical or online programs, adjusted to the patients' needs.

Objetivos: mapear a evidência em relação ao peso máximo da mochila recomendado para crianças em contexto escolar. Metodologia: sugerida pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. A análise de relevância dos artigos, a extração e síntese dos dados desenvolveu-se por dois revisores independentes. Questão de partida: qual o peso máximo da mochila recomendado para crianças, dos 6 aos 12 anos, em contexto escolar? Fontes de dados: estudos primários publicados em bases de dados científicas, diretrizes internacionais e literatura cinzenta. Síntese dos dados: identificaram-se 353 publicações, onde foram incluídas 28. A percentagem de peso recomendada subdivide-se em duas categorias: com recomendação (que oscila entre 5%-20%) e sem recomendação. Conclusões: Esta scoping review permitiu mapear a evidência em relação ao peso máximo da mochila recomendado para crianças em contexto escolar, onde o valor de 10% foi o que obteve maior consenso. Descritores: criança, suporte de carga, escolas, Serviços de saúde escolar, Enfermagem em Reabilitação

Objectives: to map the evidence in relation to the maximum backpack weight recommended for children in school context. Methodology: suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The relevance analysis of the articles, the extraction and synthesis of the data was carried out by two independent reviewers. Starting question: what is the maximum backpack weight recommended for children, from 6 to 12 years old, in school context Data sources: primary studies published in scientific databases, international guidelines and gray literature. Summary of the data: 353 publications were identified, of which 28 were included. The recommended weight percentage is divided into two categories: with recommendation (ranging from 5% -20%) and without recommendation. Conclusions: This scoping review allowed to map the evidence in relation to the maximum weight of the backpack recommended for children in school, where the value of 10% was the one that obtained the greatest consensus.

Abstract Aims: To describe food consumption in Portuguese primary school children, to analyze the influence of food consumption on the body mass index (BMI), and to analyze the relationship between physical exercise and the child's food consumption. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 primary schools of the north of Portugal (n = 109 child). The use of a food register for 5 consecutive days and anthropometric evaluation of the children were used. Results: The vast majority of children had a normal weight (65.10%). However, 34.90% of the children presented significant changes in their BMI (14.70% with low weight, 11.90% overweight, and 8.30% with obesity). Children who engage in physical activity drink more water and consume less sugary products. However, they also consume less meat, fish, and eggs than those who do not perform regular physical activity. Conclusions: The study highlights the emergence of new problems, such as the increasing prevalence of underweight children. The prevention of these problems, overweight, or underweight children, should be addressed among healthcare providers, local authorities, families, and teachers.

Contexto: A utilização regular de mochilas escolares apresenta riscos, no período de crescimento da criança. A percentagem de peso da mochila recomendada não é unânime, sendo esta problemática multifatorial, que merece uma revisão de literatura mais aprofundada. Objetivos: mapear a evidência em relação ao peso máximo da mochila recomendado para crianças dos 6 aos 12 anos em contexto escolar. Método: sugerido pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Incluir-se-ão estudos primários em fulltext em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola publicados em bases de dados científicas, diretrizes internacionais e literatura cinzenta. A análise de relevância dos artigos, a extração e síntese dos dados desenvolver-se-á por dois revisores independentes. Apresentação e discussão dos resultados: os dados extraídos apresentar-se-ão em diagrama PRISMA, permitindo a interpretação e disseminação da evidência disponível. Conclusão: espera-se que os resultados sintetizem a melhor evidência sobre o peso máximo da mochila recomendado para crianças (6-12 anos) em contexto escolar. Descritores: criança, suporte de carga, escolas, Serviços de saúde escolar, Enfermagem em Reabilitação

Context: Regular use of school backpacks presents risks during a child's growth period. The weight percentage of the backpack recommended is not unanimous, and this multifactorial problem deserves further literature review. Objectives: to map the evidence regarding the maximum backpack weight recommended for children from 6 to 12 years in school context. Method: Suggested by Joanna Briggs Institute. Primary fulltext studies in portuguese, english and spanish published in scientific databases, international guidelines and gray literature will be included. The analysis of the relevance of the articles, the extraction and synthesis of the data will be developed by two independent reviewers. Presentation and discussion of the results: the extracted data will be presented in a PRISMA diagram, allowing the interpretation and dissemination of the available evidence. Conclusion: The results are expected to summarize the best evidence on the maximum backpack weight recommended for children (6-12 years) in school settings.

Childhood obesity is a prevalent condition in modern societies which can negatively impact people’s health during life. Although there are several factors contributing to obesity, sleep duration has been pointed out as an important risk factor. This study, held in the district of Porto, Portugal, aimed to analyze the association between sleep duration and the nutritional status of school-aged children studying in Portugal. 1396 students from 35 and 3 public and private schools, respectively, were contacted, of which 829 participated in this study (9.2±0.38 years old; 50.3% male; 49.7% female). Age, sex, sleep duration, height, weight and body composition were registered trough a questionnaire. According to the obtained z-score for Body Mass Index (BMI), 22.9% of the children were overweight and 15.2% were obese. The mean of sleep duration was 9.7±1.08 hours and z-score for BMI was 0.78±1.21, demonstrating a statistically significant (p<0.01) weak negative correlation (r=-0.15) between sleep duration and z-score of BMI. Results were also stratified and analyzed by sex, and the same finding was observed. Therefore, the results suggest a negative association between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in these children. Although more studies are necessary, this finding highlights the need of a global approach which includes sleep assessment and counselling when promoting an appropriate nutritional status.