为提高高海拔地区铁路施工人员安全行为水平,探讨心理弹性对安全行为的影响机理.基于社会认知理论和人—环境交互作用理论,引入安全自我效能和高海拔环境风险感知作为心理弹性和安全行为间关系的中介变量和调节变量,构建心理弹性和安全行为关系的假设模型.首先,采用一种分阶段收集数据的方法,使用有关心理弹性和安全行为的成熟量表,以甘肃、青海和西藏在建的高海拔铁路施工区域8个项目部的一线施工人员为研究对象进行问卷调查.其次,在验证性因子分析和相关性分析的基础上运用AMOS 24.0建立结构方程模型验证假设并计算路径系数.最后,构建安全行为的因果关系图和流图,将路径系数和常量作为系统动力学(SD)模拟仿真参数,在安全自我效能和高海拔环境风险感知的干预下,运用Vensim模拟心理弹性和安全行为的变化过程.研究结果表明,心理弹性显著正向影响安全行为(安全遵守和安全参与);安全自我效能在心理弹性和安全行为(安全遵守和安全参与)影响关系中起中介作用;高海拔环境风险感知显著调节心理弹性对安全行为(安全遵守和安全参与)的影响.仿真结果表明,在安全自我效能和高海拔环境风险感知的干预作用下,心理弹性和安全行为呈现为先下降再上升的抛物线.研究成果丰富了心理学在工程实践中的应用,为安全行为研究提供了新思路,对提高企业安全管理水平提供了切实可行的建议.

To improve the safety behavior of construction workers, the mechanism of paranoia and hostility psychology influencing the unsafe behavior of construction workers was explored. Based on social cognitive theory, safety awareness and safety climate were introduced as mediating variables to construct a hypothetical model of paranoia and hostility psychology influencing unsafe behavior. Structural equation modeling（SEM） and system dynamics（SD） were used to reveal the mechanism of paranoia and hostile psychology influencing unsafe behavior. The results show that paranoia and hostility positively affect construction workers’ unsafe behaviors. Safety awareness and safety climate have a significant mediating effect. Paranoia, hostility, and construction workers’ unsafe behaviors show an approximate parabolic pattern of rising and then falling trend under the mediating effect of safety awareness and safety climate.

Research on the correlation between personality traits and safety behaviors has been thoroughly explored in previous literature. However, most of these studies are based on explaining the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and safety behavior, with few explaining the relationship between proactive personality and safety behavior. This study relies on trait activation theory, social cognitive theory, and social exchange theory to understand the relationship between proactive personality and safety behavior (safety participation and safety compliance) by using safety self-efficacy and team member exchange as mediating variables and safety-specific transformational leadership as moderating variables. Method: Considering the issue of common method bias, a multi-source and multi-stage data collection research design was used to collect 287 valid questionnaires from construction workers in 10 construction projects and apply regression analysis for hypothesis testing. Conclusions: Research results indicated that proactive personality positively and significantly influenced construction workers' safety behaviors, while safety self-efficacy and team member exchange partially mediated the relationship between proactive personality and safety behaviors. In addition, safety-specific transformational leadership enhanced the positive relationship between proactive personality and safety behavior. These findings enrich the research on the correlation between personality traits and safety behaviors of construction workers in a safety context.

为研究主动性人格与建筑安全绩效之间的关系和内在作用机制,基于自我决定理论和个体-组织匹配理论,引入组织氛围和外在动机作为中介变量,主观社会支持作为调节变量,构建一个被调节的链式中介效应模型.使用有关主动性人格和安全行为的成熟量表,运用SPSS 24.0和AMOS 24.0进行验证性因子分析和层次回归分析验证假设模型.结果表明:主动性人格显著正向影响建筑安全绩效;组织氛围和外在动机分别在主动性人格与安全绩效之间起部分中介作用,同时组织氛围和外在动机在主动性人格与安全绩效之间起链式中介作用;主观社会支持正向调节主动性人格与组织氛围和安全绩效之间的关系.

为提高高海拔铁路施工人员安全行为,从人格特质的角度出发,选择与工作环境密切相关的主动性人格特质为前因变量,基于特质激活理论和社会认同理论,引入组织认同和领悟社会支持为中介变量和调节变量,揭示主动性人格影响安全行为的作用机理.为避免共同方法偏差带来的影响,采用一种分阶段收集数据的方法,使用主动性人格和安全行为的成熟量表,以甘肃、青海和西藏在建的川藏铁路和西成铁路高海拔施工区域10 个项目部的一线施工人员为研究对象进行问卷调查,获得308 份有效问卷;运用SPSS 22.0 和process v3.3 进行共同方法偏差检验、验证性因子分析、相关性分析和验证假设.结果表明:主动性人格对高海拔铁路施工人员安全行为具有显著的正向预测作用;组织认同在主动性人格和安全行为影响关系中起部分中介作用;领悟社会支持在主动性人格和安全行为影响关系中起正向的调节作用.研究结果丰富了人格特质心理学在工程实践中的应用,为提高施工企业的安全管理水平提供了建议.