Amplitude dependent tune shift in the heavy ion collider NICA which is under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna has been studied. The fringe fields in the magnetic elements have been proved to be the main source of this kind of tune shift. Due to this nonlinear effect particles in the beam occupy an area in the working diagram of the accelerator instead of a point and may cross dangerous resonances. For compensation of these unwanted phenomena two families of octupole corrector magnets will be used.

Dynamic aperture of the heavy ion collider NICA which is under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna has been studied. Both nonlinearities in the magnetic elements and beam-beam forces have been taken into account in the numerical simulations. The obtained values of the dynamic aperture and the nonlinear acceptance are close to those in other heavy ion accelerators.

It is well established that major surgery, anaesthesia, and sedation compromise a wide range of immune function that may predispose patients to postoperative infections, septic complications, and tumour spread. The immunosuppressive effects of general anaesthesia are quite different and depend on the used anesthetic agents, dose and combinations. We tested the hypothesis that perioperative lymphocytopenia is due to apoptosis of these cells induced by balanced anesthesia. The relation of lymphocyte apoptosis to the anaesthesiological stress and concentrations of the main pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines was also investigated. Based on the results we concluded that balanced anaesthesia used in the present study induced lymphocytopenia by activation of apoptosis of these cells which was due to the combined apoptogenic effects of halothane, fentanyl, and pancuronium, but neither to the anaesthesia-related stress-response nor to changes in the main pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10. Total lymphocyte count was diminished on the expense of B-lymphocytes without significant changes in CD 5+ and CD 8+ cells. Clinical implications: balanced anaesthesia disturbs normal humoral immune response by decreasing the count of Blymphocytes for minimum 24 hours after anesthesia.

In the first part some knowledge about the coherent instabilities in cyclic accelerators and storage rings necessary for the analysis of the collective effects in the heavy ion collider NICA is given. The second part discusses the possibilities for arising of coherent instabilities in the booster and in the collider of the NICA complex. Both coupling impedances and instability thresholds and growth rates have been estimated for single and coupled bunches. Parameters of the beam feedback system for damping of the instabilities have been analyzed. The investigation has been performed at the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, JINR.

А histopathological analysis of 430 specimens of canine skin tumours obtained in the period 2000– 2010, was performed at the Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Bulgaria. The tumours were classified according to the last World Health Organization classification. The incidence of benign and malignant neoplasms was 48.14% and 51.86% respectively. Among the total number of skin tumours, 250 cutaneous growths were diagnosed as epithelial and melanocytic tumours and another 78 – as mesenchymal skin and soft tissue tumours. The most frequently diagnosed tumours from the skin epithelial and melanocytic group were hepatoid gland adenoma (9.3 %), squamous cell carcinoma (8.6 %), hepatoid gland carcinoma (5.34 %) and basalioma (5.11 %). The most frequently diagnosed canine mesenchymal skin and soft tissue tumours were lipoma (5.58 %), fibrosarcoma (4.41 %), haemangiopericytoma (2.32 %) and haemangioma (2.09 %).

As many anti-tumour drugs exert their cytotoxic effect via free radical-mediated mechanisms, the combined administration of antioxidants would alleviate side effects of the chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant status of dogs with mammary adenocarcinomas after surgical removal of the tumours treated with chemotherapy (epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) alone (group I. n = 7) or coupled to antioxidant (vitamins E and Q supplementation (group II, n = 7) by monitoring the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), tocopherol and ascorbate concentrations and the catalase (CAT) activity in serum as well as the reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes according to time. The co-administration of antioxidant vitamins with chemotherapeutic drugs markedly depressed the production of blood lipid peroxidation products (MDA). In parallel, the erythrocyte antioxidants were recruited (GSH concentrations declined and SOD activities increased) while serum antioxidants remained constant (vitamin Q or decreased (vitamin E) during the chemotherapy duration. Fifteen days after the end of treatment, the serum vitamin C concentrations become significantly higher in dogs supplemented with antioxidant vitamins whereas the serum vitamin E concentrations still remained depressed. These results suggest that the associated antioxidant treatment decreased the oxidative stress intensity by promoting the mobilisation of tissue antioxidant systems and exchanges with the blood store.

The ECG changes that occurred during coronary stent placement in healthy swine were investigated in order to clarify the effect of surgical manipulation on the electrical activity of the heart.The experiment was performed on nine female swine weighing 80+/-2.3 kg under halothane anaesthesia. Eighteen coronary stents were implanted into both left anterior and right coronary artery of the animals using a guiding catheter and transfemoral approach. Multi parameter patient monitor was used to examine closely the ECG changes during the procedure.Direct stent implantation was successful in 7 of 9 cases and these animals recovered uneventfully. The first two animals died 7-9 hours after surgery because of thrombosis of the stents. Initially all of the seven investigated animals showed sinus rhythm. During the procedure two of the animals developed ventricular arrhythmias. One type of seen electrocardiographic abnormalities was single ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) appearing with an irregular pattern. The other abnormality observed was bigeminia that was preceded by multiple VPCs. These ECG changes occurred when the tip of the catheter was advanced too deep through the aorta and touched the endocardium.ECG changes during coronary stent placement in healthy swine were closely related to the operative technique, but anesthetic agents may contribute to arrhythmias. 6F angiographic catheters did not cause coronary artery occlusion and myocardial ischemia in 80 kg pigs.

A review of processes that occur in high energy heavy ion acceleration by synchrotrons and colliders and that are essential for the accelerator performance is presented. Interactions of ions with the residual gas molecules/atoms and with stripping foils that deliberately intercept the ion trajectories are described in details. These interactions limit both the beam intensity and the beam quality. The processes of electron loss and capture lie at the root of heavy ion charge exchange injection. The review pays special attention to the ion induced vacuum pressure instability which is one of the main factors limiting the beam intensity. The intrabeam scattering phenomena which restricts the average luminosity of ion colliders is discussed. Some processes in nuclear interactions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions that could be dangerous for the performance of ion colliders are represented in the last chapter.

The aim of this study was to make ethological evaluation of four areas of biological needs of animals, which are loose locomotion, social contacts, resting place and conditions and lack of indications of discomfort, and to evaluate a completely new technological solution for Bulgaria; a project carried out in a large farm building for 500 dairy cows in the Town of Tvarditsa. The study showed that the building had provided the necessary conditions for free locomotion and free choice of all behavioral activities, which had led to effective use of premises of areas more than 92 per cent. Furthermore, a stable hierarchy in the groups and a lack of conflicts were recorded. It can also be seen that there were good conditions for rest and animal welfare. Therefore no symptoms of discomfort were noticed. The technology is given the highest grade of 4-grade scale, which means that it is highly satisfactory in all biological needs of animals and it is beneficial and effective as well.

The aim of this study was to make ethological evaluation of four areas of biological needs of animals, which are loose locomotion, social contacts, resting place and conditions and lack of indications of discomfort, and to evaluate a completely new technological solution for Bulgaria; a project carried out in a large farm building for 500 dairy cows in the Town of Tvarditsa. The study showed that the building had provided the necessary conditions for free locomotion and free choice of all behavioral activities, which had led to effective use of premises of areas more than 92 per cent. Furthermore, a stable hierarchy in the groups and a lack of conflicts were recorded. It can also be seen that there were good conditions for rest and animal welfare. Therefore no symptoms of discomfort were noticed. The technology is given the highest grade of 4-grade scale, which means that it is highly satisfactory in all biological needs of animals and it is beneficial and effective as well.

Important factors for spread of infections in rearing dairy cows are the buildings, rearing technology and the cleaning method. The exposure of the animals to dampness, mud and manure in the premises increases the percentage of subclinical and clinical mastitis. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between the conditions in a large and spacious building and the hygiene of the reared dairy cows and the quality of the obtained milk. The studies were carried out in a building housing 500 dairy cows from three breeds. The building was one of the most innovative cattle buildings with a state of the art construction in Bulgaria. The dirtiness of cows, scaled 1-4, was assessed. The average values of the assessments showed that the upper-side thigh and the hind limbs were the dirtiest. Comparing the results from the individual milk samples, a positive correlation was registered between the hygienic status of the various regions and the number of somatic cells. It was established that, as a whole, the technological solution to the building and the method of cleaning the manure prevented a high degree of dirtiness in the animals.

A new scheme for particle capture in acceleration mode with mini- mum losses, the so-called adiabatic particle capture, is proposed for the super- conducting heavy-ion synchrotron, Nuclotron. Analytical calculations and com- puter simulations of the adiabatic capture in Nuclotron are given. The realization of this highly effective capture scheme in Nuclotron will allow minimizing the particle losses and increasing the intensity of the accelerated beams.

The present study was performed on 56 clinically healthy dogs and 52 clinically healthy cats, age and sex matched. The reference values of principal parameters of oxidative stress—malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)—were determined in blood samples of dogs and cats. It was found that MDA plasma concentrations in male dogs were higher than those in females. The same difference was found in cats but the sex difference was much higher. SOD activity did not show any sex differences in dogs or cats. The CAT values were lower in males compared to females in only cats .

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of hypothermia and acidosis on blood coagulation in different anaesthesia protocols. Our experiment was performed with 28 dogs, divided into four groups: three experimental submitted to inhalation, balanced, and epidural anaesthesia and one control. In all animals blood pH, core body temperature and some principal parameters of blood coagulation (platelet count, activated partial prothrombine time-APPT, prothrombine time-PT and plasma fibrinogen concentrations) were investigated. The dynamics included five periods; prior to anaesthesia (0 th minute), at the time of pre-medication (30th minute), during deep anaesthesia (120th minute), after recovery (about 140th minute), and on the next day (24 th hour). The results indicated that the most significant were changes in balanced anaesthesia. APPT was shortened after recovery from balanced anaesthesia (14.1 ± 0.9 seconds, P<0.05) and on the next day (14.5 ± 0.7, P<0.05) compared to the initial value (16.1 ± 0.5). The most pronounced acidosis in this group was recorded during deep anaesthesia (7.126 ± 0.041, P<0.001) and after recovery (7.241 ± 0.028, P<0.05) by comparison with the baseline (7.312 ± 0.008). Parameters of blood coagulation in inhalation anaesthesia group were unchanged. Statistically significant alterations in blood pH were observed only during the deep anaesthesia stage (7.199 ± 0.049, P<0.01) compared to the beginning (7.316 ± 0.006). Epidural anaesthesia did not result in blood pH and coagulation changes. In this group an increase in fibrinogen concentrations at 24 th hour (3.7 ± 0.2, P<0.05) were found, compared to the baseline (3.1 ± 0.2), which was probably due to the intervention. In the three groups the core body temperature was decreased at the 120th minute and 140th minute. In conclusion, balanced anaesthesia activated blood coagulation at the 140 th minute and 24 th hour, which was manifested by a shortening in APPT at these periods. Hypothermia and acidosis accompanying balanced and inhalation anaesthesia groups, as well as hypothermia in epidural anaesthesia had no influence upon blood coagulation parameters.

The aim of the present study was to follow up the effect and toxicity of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy combined with operative treatment of malignant mammary tumours in dogs. The study was performed on 6 bitches, aged 9-14 years, from various breeds. These dogs presented mammary adenocarcinoma confirmed by histopathological investigation. The animals underwent partial mammectomy. Ten days after the intervention, chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide was scheduled. Blood samples were obtained prior to and following the operation, and after each course of chemotherapy to monitor the changes in some principal haematological and biochemical parameters. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by thoracic radiography for the absence of metastases or the regression of already existing ones. The studies showed that the operative intervention combined with sequential regimen of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy suppressed effectively the development of new neoplasm and metastases, but was accompanied by general adverse reactions as lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, hair loss, fever, hypochromic anaemia and strong immunosuppresion.

Department of General and Clinical Pa-thology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant vascular neoplasm of endothelial origin with very aggressive behaviour. It occurs more frequently in dogs than in other spe-cies (Priester & McKay, 1980) and ac-counts for about 5% of all canine malig-nancies (Oksanen, 1978). In dogs, the commonest primary sites of HSA are the spleen – 50−65%, the right atrium – 3−25%, the subcutaneous tissue – 13−17% and the liver – 5−6% (Smith, 2003). About 80% of the dogs have me-tastases by the time of diagnosis. HSA tends to metastasize through haematoge-nous or transabdominal implantation and the most frequently reported metastatic sites are the liver, the omentum, the mes-entery, the lungs, and the brain (Withrow & MacEwen, 2001). In this study, a case of HSA in the right atrium and an enor-mous tumour metastasis in sublumbar lymph nodes causing atypical clinical presentation with tenesmus is described. A routine physical and haematological investigation and blood chemistry (Human Diagnostica – Germany) profile were per-formed after 5-mL blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes from the cephalic vein. Two-plane abdominal radiographs (lateral and ventrodorsal views) and one contrast radiography using barium sulfate (DC-bar − Milve, Bulgaria), 30% water suspension, 10 mL/kg applied in the rec-tum were made. Additionally, two tho-racic radiographs in both views were done. Electrocardiography was accompli-shed using one-channel microcomputer electrocardiograph MAIMEX-ECG 1222 ASB (Bulgaria). Six leads (3 standard and 3 augmented) were recorded over thermo-paper at a speed of 50 mm/s. Operation was performed under gene-ral inhalational halothane anaesthesia (Narcotan, Leciva, Czech Republic), 1.5 vol% in oxigen flow 2.5 L.min

The real values of dynamical characteristics in Nuclotron have been measured by means of both sinusoidal and kick excitations of the beam. F or measurement of betatron tunes the method based on the Beam Transfer Function has been used. Beam-based modeling by means of Orbit Response Matrix allowed us to calculate the amplitude beta function and the betatron phase advance with big accuracy. Applying this method, one can also calibrate the Be am Position Monitors, and reveal the bad-working units. PACS number: 29.20.c