Citrus production in Brazil has great economic importance and global recognition, being the second largest citrus producer in the world, and to maintain this position there is a need to produce seedlings with high phytosanitary standards. Currently, the plant most used as a rootstock is the clove lemon tree (Citrus limonia Osbeck), which has significant productive characteristics and, in addition to the seedling, fertilization is necessary for their development. The fertilizer used is conventional, which consists of the use of chemical fertilizers, which, in addition to having a high purchase price, have a significant environmental impact. An alternative to be studied is the use of other fertilizers, such as rock dust, which, in addition to being low cost, has a high nutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost of producing clove lemon seedlings, fertilized with rock dust compared to conventional fertilization. For this purpose, a table was prepared with direct and indirect production costs quantifying the total value of the seedling. The smallest loss was from seedlings produced with rock dust.

The production of biosolids in Brazil has increased due to the expansion of Sewage Treatment Plants, making these materials a sustainable alternative for agricultural use. Composed of high organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium, biosolids have the potential to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of tropical soils, contributing to greater fertility, water retention, and microbial activity. National literature demonstrates that these materials can par-tially replace mineral fertilizers and assist in the recovery of degraded areas. On the other hand, the presence of contaminants still represents a challenge. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni, and Hg generally appear in low concentrations, while Cu and Zn tend to approach the maximum limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 498/2020. Regarding pathogens, the efficiency of sanitization depends on the treatment method employed. Emerging organic pollutants, including pharmaceuticals and hor-mones, have been detected, but still lack specific regulations in Brazil. Thus, although biosolids present high agronomic potential, their safe use requires adequate monitor-ing, improvement in controlling the origin of sewage, and advances in legislation, es-pecially regarding emerging organic pollutants.

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de averiguar o comportamento dos consumidores de frutas em relação à oferta do comércio dentro do município de Campo Grande. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de questionários, abordando aspectos demográficos, hábitos alimentares e fatores para o consumo de frutas. A coleta de dados ocorreu ao longo de cinco meses, atingindo uma amostra de 384 participantes, e a análise incluiu medidas descritivas básicas para identificar padrões de consumo da população campo-grandense. Os resultados revelaram um perfil predominante do gênero feminino e de consumidores jovens (18 a 30 anos), com renda familiar média abaixo de 5 salários mínimos. A qualidade do produto foi o fator mais importante na decisão de compra, seguido pelo preço, e a maioria dos entrevistados mostrou disposição para pagar mais por frutas de produção local. Concluiu-se que há demanda por frutas regionais, desde que atendam às exigências de qualidade dos consumidores.

O crescimento acelerado dos centros urbanos, frequentemente sem planejamento adequado, pode comprometer a qualidade ambiental e de vida da população. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetivou analisar as interações entre variáveis ambientais e socioeconômicas na cidade de Campo Grande (MS). Foram aplicadas análises de correlação envolvendo os indicadores renda per capita, número de praças, árvores por quilômetro de passeio, densidade populacional, índice de exclusão social, área dos bairros, índice de qualidade de vida urbana (IQVU) e número total de árvores por bairro. Os resultados apontaram correlação moderada entre arborização, qualidade de vida e renda. Constatou-se, ainda, que arborização urbana, rendimento populacional, área dos bairros e índice de exclusão social impactam diretamente o IQVU, evidenciando a importância da integração entre planejamento urbano e sustentabilidade, com a devida urgência para implementação de políticas públicas que promovam a equidade ambiental, priorizando intervenções de arborização em bairros com baixos indicadores de renda e qualidade de vida.

The Cravo Limo (Citrus limonia Osbeck) is the most used rootstock in Brazil and the world, due to its main characteristic of resistance to water stress, and despite being originally from China, it has adapted very well to Brazilian soils. In a post-war world (Russia and Ukraine), there was a need to improve studies on fertilizers available in the country, namely rock dust (PR), which there are few studies on. With this comes the need to evaluate the development of the carnation lemon tree, using rock dust fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with seven treatments with 25 replications, with two controls and different levels of fertilization with PR from 25 to 125%, all treatments filled with sandy soil and commercial substrate, totaling 175 lemon seedlings. clove. The preparation of treatments was carried out seven months before transplanting the seedlings, due to the main characteristic of slow release of nutrients from PR. The evaluations were carried out by measuring the plants, measuring height in centimeters and number of leaves counted one by one considering those fully expanded, and after the first seedling reached 15 cm in height, the diameter measured in millimeters began to be measured until reaching the point of grafting. The results obtained through the height and number of leaves show that treatment two with 25% rock dust developed better, and reached the grafting point earlier than the other treatments

It is essential to periodically analyze the uniformity of irrigation distribution in order to ensure that the system works with high effectiveness, providing better plant development and consequently good productivity. The success of the system includes sizing and management techniques in addition to monitoring and identifying problems that result in a decrease in the uniformity of water distribution, such as clogging of drippers. This work analyzed the uniformity of irrigation distribution in the four sectors installed in citrus cultivation on the Nossa Senhora da Vitória rural property. The collected data was analyzed and processed to determine the value of the distribution uniformity coefficient (CUD) based on the value flow rate found in the sampled drippers. Based on the classification of drip irrigation systems, sector 1 was classified as good, sector 2 classified as excellent, sector 3 classified as excellent and sector 4 classified as poor. Factors related to system sizing, choice of system material and hydraulic factors directly influence the functionality of the analyzed drip irrigation system and these factors are mainly responsible for the values obtained.

Campo Grande, MS, is one of the most wooded cities in Brazil and in the world with its recognition in the Tree Cities of the World program. However, the perception of landscaping is something that still lacks more information since this is not so accessible to a good part of the population not only in Mato Grosso do Sul but also in Brazil. In this work, the objective was to research the perceptions about landscaping of the residents of Campo Grande, MS, to a better understand how part of its residents perceive landscaping. Therefore, a survey was carried out on the subject, in a semi-structured questionnaire was applied, whose questions aimed to address themes that identified the perceptions of the inhabitants about landscaping. In the results, it was identified that 85.8% of respondents have some type of plant at home, 41.5% know how to care for plants, 62.3% think that landscaping can be practiced without the need to use live plants, 67% consider fundamental landscaping, 75.5% would hire the services of a landscaper. In view of this, the people interviewed also reported that the use of live plants in a landscaping project can change the temperature of the place where the project was installed, as well as its use can be beneficial to human health.

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo avaliar e comparar o efeito do biossólido como componente do substrato para produção de mudas de Citrus limonia osbeck em relação a mudas expostas a substrato sem e com adição de adubação química. No experimento foram utilizados seis tratamentos, com as seguintes proporções em porcentagem de biossólido/substrato: T1-0/100; T2- 0/100 com adubação química (NPK 4 14 8); T3-25/75; T4-50/50; T5-75/25 e T6-100/0. Foram coletados dados morfológicos da altura das plantas durante o experimento em períodos determinados de 15 dias, após 90 dias, as mudas foram coletadas para a determinação das seguintes variáveis morfológicas: número e massa de folhas, comprimento, volume e massa das raízes, parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto, e caule. Como forma de tratamento de dados foi realizado o teste estatístico de variância e Tukey, verificando o favorecimento do crescimento das mudas expostas a adição de biossólido. O máximo crescimento das mudas foi verificado nos tratamentos com 100% de biossólido, o qual proporcionou os melhores resultados em todos os parâmetros coletados, resultados superiores a adubação química.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agronomia sustentável, limão cravo, desenvolvimento de mudas.

Biosolids are a byproduct of sewage treatment that can create synergies and opportunity costs for promoting a circular economy and the nexus approach (water, energy, and food). They enable a cleaner agricultural production, with food safety in local development. The biosolids contain nutrients that can be recycled by agricultural soils. However, they contain heavy metals and few studies report the micropollutants present and the legal requirements of different countries (policies). The present study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the composition and characteristics of biosolids during four years of monitoring (2016–2019). We investigated the agronomic potential of biosolids in a sequencing batch reactor. The content of biosolids in the crops studied is a potential source of macronutrients, especially N, P, and S. Pathogens fell into class B for Conama 498 (Brazil), Norm 503 (USA), and Directive 86/278 (EU) relative to Escherichia coli and enteric viruses. Metals, also compared with the three previous standards, fulfilled threshold concentrations of the respective legislations. Emerging organic pollutants remained below the detection limit, except naphthalene, which a single time was found in the biosolids above the detection limit. Finally, PCA showed that the chemical elements of the biosolids do not vary significantly relative to changes in tropical climatic conditions (resilience to climate change). Our study confirms the safe biosolids’ agronomic potential in promoting a circular economy in wastewater treatment plants. In line with a cleaner agricultural production in tropical soils, complying with the legislation on micropollutants and reducing the quantity of biosolids sent to landfill, or inadequately disposed of in the environment.

Objective: the objective of this work was to test potential herbicides, tested in a single dose of each commercial product as indicated in the package insert. Materials and Methods: the experiment was carried out in two trials, pre- and post-emergent, in a completely randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications in an 8x3 factorial scheme. The test was carried out in a BOD oven at 25º and 12 hours/light photoperiod in sand beds containing sedge rhizomes, visual evaluations were performed 7 and 14 days after herbicide application, in both tests, followed by a tretrazolium test at the end. of visual evaluation in tubers that did not germinate, thirty days after pre-emergent application. Results: the most efficient control was the herbicide of the Organoarsenic group (MSMA) which presented 0.67% of viable rhizomes in the pre-emergent assay and 0.33% of viable rhizomes in the post-emergent assay. Conclusion: the herbicide of the organoarsenic chemical group (MSMA) was the most efficient for the control of nutsedge in both trials. The herbicides ethoxysulforan and glyphosate showed control efficiency in the post-emergence assay.

Campo Grande, MS, é uma das cidades mais arborizadas do Brasil e do mundo, com seu reconhecimento no programa Tree Cities of the World. No entanto, a percepção do paisagismo é algo que ainda carece de mais informações, uma vez que isso não é tão acessível à boa parte da população, não só de Mato Grosso do Sul, mas também do Brasil. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi pesquisar as percepções sobre o paisagismo dos moradores de Campo Grande, MS, para entender melhor como parte de seus residentes o percebe. Sendo assim, foi elaborada uma pesquisa sobre o tema, na qual foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, do qual as perguntas visaram abordar temas que identificassem as percepções dos habitantes sobre o paisagismo. Nos resultados, foi identificado que 85,8% dos entrevistados possuem algum tipo de planta em casa, 41,5% sabem cuidar de plantas, 62,3% acham que paisagismo pode ser praticado sem a necessidade do uso de plantas vivas, 67% consideram o paisagismo fundamental, e 75,5% contratariam os serviços de um paisagista. Diante disso, as pessoas entrevistadas também informaram que o uso de plantas vivas em projeto de paisagismo pode alterar a temperatura do local onde o projeto foi instalado, assim como o seu uso pode ser benéfico à saúde humana.

A pecuária ocupa lugar de destaque na economia brasileira, principalmente a bovinocultura de corte e leite, assim o sucesso desse setor é primordial para o crescimento do país. Porém, a produtividade deste setor está intimamente ligada a qualidade das pastagens, pois essas são a principal fonte alimentar dos bovinos, e cerca da metade das pastagens brasileira encontra-se com algum grau de degradação, diminuindo assim a produtividade e rentabilidade desse setor. Devido a isso, a busca por tecnologias de recuperação de pastagens vem sendo pesquisadas, sobretudo as que diminuam os custos no processo de recuperação, procurando aumentar a produtividade e qualidade das pastagens, preservar o meio ambiente e maximizar os lucros para os produtores. Visto isso, o uso de novas fontes de adubação e a implantação de sistemas silvipastoris tem sido amplamente estudado e aplicado para recuperação dessas áreas, dentre eles podemos destacar o uso de biossólido que um adubo orgânico proveniente do tratamento de esgoto sanitário, assim como a implantação de pecuária-floresta utilizando Moringa oleífera uma planta leguminosa a qual fixa nitrogênio no solo e pode servir como fonte alimentar para os animais. Sendo assim, nesse trabalho está descrito o cenário da degradação e pastagens brasileiras e o uso de biossólido e moringa na recuperação dessas áreas.

This study aimed to evaluate the biomass production of Moringa oleifera Lamark, in a Livestock Forest Integration system with different fertilization and planting densities. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with five replications per treatment, in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, consisting of three planting densities (0, 15 and 30 plants) of Moringa and three factors assigned to the types of fertilization (biosolids, NPK chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer), totaling 45 sampling units. Totaling the following treatments: T1 – No moringa + no fertilizer application; T2 – Without moringa + chemical fertilizer; T3 – Without moringa + biosolid; T4 – Density 15 + without fertilizer application; T5 - Density 15 + chemical fertilizer; T6 - Density 15 + biosolid; T7 – Density 30+ without fertilizer application; T8 – Density 30 + chemical fertilizer; T9 – Density 30 + biosolid. The experimental period started right after transplanting the seedlings, for 225 days, totaling six growth evaluations. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height in cm (ALT); and crown diameter (DC), with the aid of a simple ruler graduated in centimeters (cm). It thus concludes that the use of moringa at density 30 obtained the best results for both variables, thus indicating its use in a larger population in integration systems. Fertilization had no significant difference, demonstrating the adaptability of moringa and its nitrogen synthesis.

Toward considering the recovery of nutrients (N and P) present in urban sewage, it must be ensured that conventional wastewater treatment plants, such as activated sludge or UASB reactors, are adapted to new sustainable processes in the circular economy concept. An alternative is the safe disposal of sewage sludge (SS) for agricultural purposes, without the accumulation of heavy metals in plants, which can cause various diseases for consumers. Furthermore, SS can reduce bioaccumulation of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and heavy metals, which are currently being found in urban garden soils. Therefore, the objective of this chapter was to evaluate the application of SS in lettuce production (Lactuca sativa), through agronomic and nutritional analysis and contamination by heavy metals. The SS solarization was applied for sanitization over 15 days. Five treatments were performed with five replicates each, with SS treatments of: 48, 96, 144, 192 tn/ha, and one control with organic fertilizer. After 35 days from planting, it was recorded that the treatment of 48 tn/ha obtained the best agronomic results, with 33% more total mass and 50% more mass in the aerial part compared to the control. The treatment of 48 tn/ha had 83% more leaves and 468% more mass in the aerial part than 192 tn/ha. The treatment of 48 tn/ha did not present a risk of contamination by heavy metals, following the standards described by Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). The multivariate statistical analysis of principal components showed a relationship between barium and phosphorus for plant development with the treatment of 48 tn/ha. Treatments higher than 48 tn/ha showed higher leaf metal concentration and lower plant development.

Biosolids are generated at Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and they enable closing the loop of valuable resources that are beneficial to the soil-plant system, however, the legal aspects of viability and the principles of the circular economy must be considered. Studies that evaluate the chemical properties of tropical soils subjected to long-term applications of biosolids are scarce, especially with regards to Emerging Organic Micropollutants (EOPs), which makes the present work original. Thus, the present study aimed to statistically evaluate through the Tukey test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) six years of biosolids' application (2012 to 2018), with different application rates, in five areas of infertile tropical soils. The study also evaluated the Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and EOPs in relation to the legal viability aspects of Brazil and the European Union. The results showed that the biosolids can improve the chemical properties of the soil right after the first annual application, without risk of PTEs accumulation. The EOPs that were analyzed from 2016 to 2018, remained below the detection limits, consequently complying with the legislation. Further, the PCA showed that biosolids can replace the use of commercial fertilizers in tropical soils when applied at agronomic rates to meet plant nutrient requirements (mainly N and P), which consequently diverts the biosolids from landfills, and reduces the operational costs of Brazilian WWTPs. In this way, the cleaner production of agricultural systems in tropical soil can promote the circular economy and sustainable development in WWTPs in Brazil and other tropical climate regions.

An experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the germination of seeds of Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrous ‘Flying dragon’. The seeds were soaked for 24 hours in a solution containing 0, 100, 150 and 200 mL L-1 of Stimulate®. After the imbibition period, the seeds were placed to germinate in two types of substrate, and germitest paper and sand. The counts were performed from the seventh to thirtieth days after sowing. The analyzes performed were germination %, Germination Speed Index, Radicle Length and Plumule Length. Stimulate® doses did not represent a reduction in germination time.

A cultura do feijao possui grande importância por ser fonte essencial de proteinas para a populacao brasileira. Deste modo, o aumento na demanda pela producao de alimentos bem como o crescente uso de fertilizantes eleva a busca por fontes mais baratas e eficientes de tecnologias produtivas. A utilizacao de microrganismo fixadores de nitrogenio pode oferecer vantagens como reducao ou suprimento total de adubacoes nitrogenadas, diminuicao de custos demonstrando um avanco sustentavel. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os componentes de producao do feijao preto inoculado com Azospirillum brasiliense semeado em solo arenoso oriundo de uma area de pastagem degradada. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetacao, em blocos casualizados, com 10 repeticoes onde foi avaliado a producao de massa de materia seca de parte aerea, o numero de vagens por planta, o numero de graos por vagem e a massa de cem graos. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e os efeitos significativos do teste F (p = 0,05) foram comparados pelo teste t (LSD), a 5% de probabilidade. Foi observado um aumento no numero de vagens das plantas de feijao inoculadas com A. brasilense.