The standard management approach for malignant bone tumours (MBT) is multidisciplinary, especially when there is a concern for limb salvage. In extracorporeal irradiation (ECI), the tumour-bearing segment of bone is excised en bloc; the tumour and the soft tissues are then removed from the bone, and the bone is irradiated and then reimplanted back into the body. Here we have analysed the results of six patients of MBT treated with this technique. Six patients with primary MBT were treated with ECI between the year 2018 to 2022. The eligibility criteria included histopathological proof of malignancy, no evidence of distant metastases, and suitability for limb preservation therapy. Patients were treated with chemotherapy as per standard protocol. Surgery was performed about four weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The bone segment was irradiated by external beam radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gray (Gy). After extracorporeal irradiation, the bone was re-implanted using fixation devices. Local control, complication, survival and functional outcomes were studied. Out of six patients, four were males, and two were females. The median age of presentation was 22 months. The tibia was the most common bone involved (n=3), followed by the femur (n=2), and one patient presented with a mass in the humerus. Histopathologically, four patients had Ewing sarcoma (ES), and two had osteosarcoma. Two patients with ES received an additional dose of 50.4 Gy at the local site. The median follow-up period was 22 months. At the time of the last review, all the patients were alive, and three developed distant metastases. Non-union occurred in one patient and malunion in one patient. The median progression-free survival was 21 months. One patient developed a postoperative site infection, which was controlled with conservative treatment. Limb salvage using en-bloc resection followed by intraoperative extracorporeal irradiation and re-implantation of involved bone is a valuable and cheap reconstruction method with minimal complications and decent short-term survival outcomes. Our study also showed that an additional radiation dose could safely be given to selected patients.

To compare the pathological complete response rates and toxicity in patients receiving long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced carcinoma rectum. Biopsy-proven newly diagnosed patients of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma clinical tumor stage were randomized. Arm A patients received short-course radiotherapy (25 Gy in 5 fractions over seven days) followed by six cycles of CAPEOX chemotherapy (Capecitabine 825 mg/m2 orally twice daily D1-D14 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1) at intervals of 21 days. Arm B patients received concurrent chemoradiation (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, five fractions in a week with concurrent tablet capecitabine 825 mg/m2 orally twice daily). Total Mesorectal Excision was done in both arms 6 to 8 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant treatment. 60 patients were included in the study, 30 patients in each arm. Both arms were balanced in terms of the age of the patient, sex, stage of the disease, and tumor location. The median interval between randomization and surgery was 32 weeks and 20 weeks in the experimental arm and control arm, respectively. 9 out of 30 (33.3%) patients in the experimental arm and 6 out of 30 (20%) patients in the control arm had Pathological complete responses (p=0.682). At a median follow-up of 12 months, 6 out of 30 patients developed distant metastases in the standard arm as compared to 1 out of 15 patients in the experimental arm. Grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal adverse events were higher in the experimental arm (20%) as compared to (7%) in the standard arm (p-value=0.59). The requirement of colostomy during surgery was 46% in arm A as compared to 55.5% in arm B (p-value=1.0).Table: 95PMRI responseARM AARM BT3-> T1/233%26%T4-> T1/26.6%-T4-> T326%20%T3-> T06.6%-N2-> N026%20%N1-> N033%20%Pathological responseARM AARM BpT033.3%20%pT120%20%pT26.6%13.3%pT326.6%20%pN080%53.3%pN113.3%40%pN26.6%6.6% Open table in a new tab Total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced carcinoma rectum had a higher complete pathological response than the standard arm. The survival analysis of the trial is awaited.

Chemotherapy (CT) and Radiotherapy (RT) are vital modalities in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and righteous decision to choose the treatment modality is important for better prognostic outcome. FDG PET scan is used for assessing the initial stage and treatment response by evaluating the parameters of size and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in NSCLC. There is lacuna of knowledge of FDG-PET based parameters between patients receiving Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) in the era of modern Radiotherapy techniques i.e., Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Volumetric Arc Radiotherapy (VMAT), Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT), Radioimmunotherapy (RI) etc.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major global health concern. Despite advances in treatment, the outcome is poor due to locoregional failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify molecular markers that can predict recurrence and treatment response. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an epigenetic modifier, plays a role in cancer development by promoting the growth, invasion, and dissemination of tumor cells. This study aims to investigate the correlation between EZH2 expression and the response to chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with locally advanced, inoperable oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers. 50 patients were prospectively included in this study. All of the patients received definitive CRT. A second biopsy was retrieved between the 3rd and 4th fraction of radiotherapy (RT). Immunohistochemistry was performed on both pre-RT and post-3rd fraction biopsy samples to evaluate EZH2 status. The IHC score was calculated based on EZH2 intensity and the percentage of positive cells. A score of four or more indicated high expression. After 12 weeks, treatment response was assessed and correlated with EZH2 status. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26, considering p-values less than 0.05 as statistically significant. The EZH2 score was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in normal mucosa samples (p=0.001). High expression of EZH2 was found in 78% of pre-RT and 81% of post-3rd fraction samples. High expression of EZH2 did not show a statistically significant correlation with response to CRT (p=0.80). However, the EZH2 score increased significantly in the post-3rd fraction samples of patients who did not achieve a complete response (p=0.03). The subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the high expression of EZH2 and a lack of response (complete response + partial response) to treatment in patients with oral cavity cancers (p=0.015). The study indicates that EZH2 can be a valuable predictive marker in HNC, but further research with a larger cohort is needed. Anti-EZH2 therapy should be explored to improve treatment outcomes in patients with high expression of EZH2.

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern worldwide. The gut microbiota harbours multiple antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) that contribute to the existing and future microbial population in a community or ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of 35 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiota of the tribal people of Nabarangpur, Odisha, India. A total of 83 faecal samples were collected from three different tribes (Bhatra, Gond, and Paraja). Total faecal DNA was extracted, and the simplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect selected ARGs. Further analysis was done to estimate the incidence of these ARGs across these tribes based on alcohol consumption habits. We identified a higher prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetQ and tetM) in the gut microbiota among three populations. Furthermore, a significant (P = 0 center dot 024) difference in ARG prevalence against vancomycin in individuals with and without alcohol consumption habits was noticed. The overall distribution of ARGs among the three major tribes of this location was found to be very similar. Together, irrespective of the tribes, the people of this location have gut microbiota harbouring different kinds of ARGs and tetracycline-resistant genes are the most commonly found ARGs.

Flot (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel) is the standard regimen for perioperative chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer. Preoperative chemotherapy downstages the tumor, increases pathological response. Patients receiving flot are hospitalised for more than a day. This study compares it with dox (docetaxel, oxaliplatin and capecitabine) - a daycare regimen, as capecitabine has already been proven non-inferior to 5-fluorouracil in advanced gastric cancer.

Nature Review Molecular Cell Biology is one of the most prestigious journals in molecular and cellular biology. The focus of this research study is to use scientometric analysis to look at the publication trends of Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. The data were collected from the Scopus database covering 20 years. The present study covers the years 2000–2019, with 3397 articles published during the study period. The study concentrates on publication trends, highly productive authors, collaborative institutions, countries, and highly cited publications. The analysis of the study revealed that 2001 witnessed the highest number of publications. Heinrichs, A. was ranked as the most productive author, contributing a total of 165 articles. The United States of America and the United Kingdom have the most international collaboration players. The maximum number of publications published in the review was 1307(38.47%) of the publication. The article “Understanding the ErbB Signaling Network by Yarden, Y., and Sliwkowski, M.X.” has the most citations and was published as a review. This scientometric study will benefit researchers in the field of molecular cell biology because it will highlight the amount of literature published during the study period and worldwide collaboration among researchers.

Central nervous system high‐grade glioma (HGG) occurring in an infratentorial midline location is not commonly found in the pediatric population. Though pediatric HGGs appear similar to their adult counterparts histopathologically, they differ in molecular, genetic, and clinical characteristics. Evidence for the management of HGG is sparse in the literature. Surgery in the form of maximum safe resection is the backbone of management and has been variably supplemented with external beam radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The outcome, though largely dismal, has some positive surprises too. As shown in the presented case, the combined modality of management in a 5‐year‐old female child has resulted in a disease‐free survival of 3.5 years.

Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers and a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide as well as in India. While there are direct links with smoking, there has been an increased prevalence of lung cancer in non-smokers worldwide. The clinico-pathological profile of lung cancer has also changed considerably over the last few decades. The epidemiology has changed over time from a predominantly squamous histology to adenocarcinoma which is now the most common. Published literature as well as unpublished data indicate that the features of lung cancer in India like prevalence, incidence, etiopathogenesis and presentation vary significantly from that in the western countries.

Sharing of information and content on social media makes brand more interactive and makes easy to spread the word about product offerings. The most ideal approach to compose and advantage from this social media marketing factor is as yet developing and we are learning as we go along. From one viewpoint, there are considerable success stories for new start-ups and then again, there are numerous failed cases of utilizing social media strategy.There are numerous factors of Social media marketing and focus on most influenced factor can help to optimise the marketing budget. Social media is an ideal domain for start-ups to build and develop the brand association. The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between sharing and brand association along with how a startup company could improve brand association for consumers by sharing information on social media. This article investigates this area by studying and exploring with the help of the Honey Comb of social media framework and brand association from Aaker’s Brand equity Model highlighting how social media sharing can influence the brand association. The findings identify the relationship between sharing elements of social media that affects the brand association towards brand equity.

Socail media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter and other tools to reach consumers and facilitate conversation is known as social media marketing. The increasing popularity of social media marketing among companies helps out to new customers and strengthen relationships with existing ones. It is a risky proposition for start-ups to invest huge funds into advertisement and marketing. Social media marketing could be the solution in these situations to reach more customers with an optimized budget. It is easier for start-ups to build trust and brand awareness for new customers through social media. The correlation between social media marketing and brand awareness was investigated whether the added value by social media platforms for startup companies and their target clients supported to increase brand awareness. This research looks into the relationship between the use of of social media marketing and brand recognition in the context of startups, with the aim of further understanding of the role of social media marketing in raising awareness of startups' goods and services. The significant advantage of web-based marketing is to use the colossal network on the web to build brand awareness. Online media promotion makes the spreading of news and information fast. This straightforwardly Increases traffic by connecting to the social media group, social media accounts, or any item. The essential goal of any marketing channel is to publicize the services and product with minimal expense.

This study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra Jharsuguda, Odisha under National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture Project in 2019-2020 in the operational villages Bhoimunda and Tharkaspur of Jharsaguda district of North-Western Odisha, India. A total of 300 unsexed brooded chicks, breed Vanaraja, were provided to the farmers under the project and were randomly distributed into three treatment groups (100 birds in each treatment group) with ten replications in each group, having ten birds in each replicate. The study was undertaken for a period of 7 months, from September, 2019 to March, 2020. The study started with birds of 4th week of age and continued up to 28th week of age. Vanaraja birds of group I were let out for foraging with no supplementation, in group II birds were provided with fresh Azolla @ 200 g per bird along with foraging and birds of group III were given commercial feed @ 50 g per bird along with foraging. Weekly body weight gain upto 16th week and egg production upto 28th week were recorded. The benefit cost analysis was also evaluated. The result of this trial indicated that supplementation of azolla in instrumental in increased body weight gain along with higher egg production with better Benefit Cost ratio. Therefore, it can be concluded that feeding of Azolla to poultry birds under backyard condition @ 200 g per day per bird may be highly effective method to get more profit. Under the prevailing situation of change in climatic condition, backyard poultry is a good insurance against crop loss and feeding of azolla to backyard birds will further strengthen the economic status of farmers.

Estrogen-related receptor beta (ERRβ) is downregulated in breast cancer cells and its overexpression in breast cancer patients is positively correlated with an improved prognosis and prolonged relapse-free survival. Here, we unravelled a molecular mechanism for ERRβ downregulation in breast cancer. We found that ERRβ is a key substrate of the SCF complex and that NEDDylation can activate the Cullin subunits of the SCF complex to target ERRβ for degradation in breast cancer. Consistently, using in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrated that MLN4924, a specific small molecule inhibitor of NEDDylation, can restore ERRβ expression and culminate in a reduction in cell proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. We also showed that increased ERRβ expression promotes the upregulation of its target genes, including the tumour suppressors p21 Cip1/Waf1 and E-cadherin, involved in cell proliferation and migration arrest at the gene promoter level. Interestingly, this tumour suppressive role of ERRβ does not depend on the expression of ERα in breast cancer. Moreover, our data revealed that the ERRβ recruits the transcription co-activator p300 to its targeted gene promoters to upregulate their expression. Collectively, our work revealed that restoration of ERRβ expression using the NEDDylation inhibitor MLN4924 can be a novel and effective strategy for breast cancer treatment.

A field experiment was carried out in participatory mode on farmers’ field at Bhoimunda village of Jharsuguda block under Jharsuguda district, Odisha during Kharif season of 2017, 2018 and 2019 to study the efficiency of nutrient management along with green manuring crop on productivity, profitability and soil fertility of rice under Western Central Table Land Zone of Odisha, India. The adopted village was selected by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jharsuguda, Odisha under National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four treatments replicated five times taking rice (cv. Sahabhagi dhan) as test crop. The treatments comprised of four viz. T1: Farmer’s practice (NPK @ 50:20:20 kg ha-1), T2: Recommended dose of fertilizer (NPK @ 60:30:30 kg ha-1), T3: 75% RDF + Green manuring of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) with seed rate of @ 25 kg ha-1 and T4: Soil Test Based NPKZnB @ 75:38:30:6.25:1.25 kg ha-1 + Green manuring. Results revealed that application of Soil Test Based NPKZnB @ 75:38:30:6.25:1.25 kg ha-1 along with green manuring producing dry biomass 5044 kg ha-1 (T4) recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, grain yield (4.04 t ha-1), straw yield (5.15 t ha-1), harvest index (43.92%) as well as nutrient uptake in grain and straw of the crop over farmers practice. The same treatment recorded significant improvement in soil pH, organic carbon, available macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Zn and B) status of soil after harvest of the crop. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.62) and returns (Rs. 28559 ha-1) were recorded with the same treatment (T4) over farmers practice. The present study showed that use of green manuring along with balance nutrition, is an important strategy to maintain and/or improve soil fertility for sustainable crop production in drought prone areas as well as remunerative rice production by the farmers in Odisha, India.

Machine learning methods are now becoming a popular choice in many computer-aided bio-medical image analysis systems. It reduces the efforts of a medical expert and helps in making correct decisions. One of the main applications of such systems is the early detection of lung cancerous nodules using Computed Tomography (CT) scan images. Here, we have used a new method for automated detection of lung cancerous/non-cancerous nodules. It is a modularity maximization based graph clustering method. The clustering is done based on the different region's grayscale values of the CT scan images. The clustering algorithm is capable of detecting nodules of size as small as 4 pixels in two dimension (2D) or 9 voxels in three dimensional (3D) data. The advantage of nodule detection is that it can be used as an extra feature for many supervised learning algorithms especially for those Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based architectures where pixel-wise segmentation of data might be required.

Carcinoma lung accounts for 12.3% of all malignancies globally and is the leading cause of deaths due to malignancies. Pathologically, among various types of lung carcinomas;adenocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma, small cell and large cell carcinoma are the common varieties encountered. However there are certain uncommon variants of malignancies arising in lung which require distinct diagnostic and management approach and hence pose a challenge to the oncologist. Hereby we present our experience with some of these unusual pathologic variants of lung malignancies with relevant literature review. A retrospective analysis was done from the hospital records of patients visiting at a tertiary cancer hospital of eastern India between June 2013 to December 2018.All patients with biopsy or cell block proven diagnosis of lung malignancies were included in the study. Common pathological types of lung carcinoma such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were excluded from the study. Among a total of 216 lung malignancies presented during this time period, six patients presented with unusual pathological variants such as: synovial sarcoma, lymphoma (diffuse large B cell lymphoma),neuroendocrine carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma(one case from each pathological type).All six patients in the study were male with age range 31-74 years(median-49 years).Out of these six cases, laterality was evenly distributed i.e three cases had malignancies on left lung whereas in other three cases right lung was involved. Three patients had distant metastasis during presentation (synovial sarcoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and DLBCL) whereas other three patients were nonmetastatic at presentation. The presentation, histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemistry, treatment received and followup of the patients are briefly summerised in the table. Among these six patients, one has died (adenosquamous carcinoma), one has lost followup and four patients are on followup (range-2-24 months).Tableshowing clinicopathological and treatment details of patientssl nosexAge(yrs)lateralityhistopathologyIHCstage at presentationmetstreatmentf/u1m37leftsynovial sarcomaBcl-2,CD99+, CD34-,CK7-IIIno3X(adriamycin+ifosfamide)--progressive diseaselost to f/u2m67leftadenosquamous carcinomaIVBone(clavicle,rib)6X(paclitaxel+carboplatin)--zolendronate,tab gefitinibDeath after 8 mnth f/u3m48rightneuroendocrine carcinomaSynaptophysin, Chromogranin A+ve,TTF-1 weakly +veIIIno3XEP--excision of mediastinal mass with rt upper lobectomy24 mnth4m50rightDLBCLCD45,CD20,BCl2+IVadrenal gland6XRCHOP--2XRituximab+prednisolone2 mnth5m74rightbasaloid squamous cell carcinomapanCK,p40,p63+,Mib-1>70%IIIAno3X(gemcit+carbo)--partial response--CCRT15 mnth6m31leftmucoepidermoid carcinomap63,CK5/6/7+, Her2neu+IIIAnothoracotomy & resection--4XTCH--maintenance TrastuzumabX142 mnth Open table in a new tab Unusual malignancies of lung pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the oncologist in clinical practise owing to paucity of relevant data and insufficient studies.However they are treated according to the specific histopathologic subtype and stage of presentation.More studies are needed to be conducted regarding this subgroup of malignancies and their management

Carcinoma lung remains the most common cause of cancer related deaths in men globally. Approximately 10 percent of newly diagnosed patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have brain metastases. Presence of brain metastases is associated with very poor prognosis with decreased survival and compromised quality of life in patients even after intensive treatment with multimodal approach. Though the survival varies according to performance status and presence of other prognostic factors, the survival in non small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis has increased to some extent in last two decades(median survival ranges between 7 -12 months in various studies).Hereby we present our experience with a case of adenocarcinoma lung with brain metastasis on presentation who has received multiple lines of treatment approach and leading a happy and hearty life after 8 years(96 months) of diagnosis. Section not applicable CASE REPORT A 45 year old nonsmoker male presented with constant headache with memory loss and on evaluation was found to have a SOL in the left temporal region with few other small lesions at other sites in brain along with right lung mass and was diagnosed as primary lung cancer with brain metastasis. CT guided biopsy of the lung mass showed adenocarcinoma lung. EGFR and ALK were non mutated. He received palliative whole brain radiotherapy followed by four cycles of chemotherapy with pemetrexed and carboplatin regimen. Received EBRT to right lung mass. Developed relapse after one year and underwent surgery. After six months , he developed recurrence at brain, for which surgical excision of the brain lesion(metastatectomy) was done followed by reirradiation to brain. Again he developed brain recurrence following which he received six cycles of Pemetrexed and Carboplatin followed by six cycles of maintenance Inj Pemetrexed. Again developed brain recurrence after one year which was surgically resected out following which he received Tab Erlotinib+ Tab Temezolamide. Recurrence of brain lesion was again encountered after four months for which he received six cycles of Inj Bevacizumab+ Nab-Paclitaxel + Carboplatin. Evaluation with whole body PET-CT scan and MRI brain showed complete metabolic response at primary site(lung) and partial response at brain. Then he received maintenance Inj Bevacizumab for six cycles. Then after one year,on recurrence in brain with surgical excision of the tumor and subsequent evaluation it was found that he had T790M mutation and hence was planned for Tab Osimertinib. He is on Tab Osimertinib since last 26 months. Recent evaluation was done two months back in form of whole body PET-CT scan and MRI brain which showed complete response at both primary(lung) site and brain. Patient is doing fine till date with a followup period of 96 months since upfront presentation with brain metastasis. Treatment approach for NSCLC has seen a paradigm shift in last few years with the increased role of targeted therapies which has improved the survival. Hence biopsy and identifying the druggable targets have become of prime importance in managing lung malignancies. Metastatectomy and target oriented approach has always proven to be beneficial in oligometastatic settings.

Carcinoma lung carries poor prognosis and is the leading cause of death among all malignancies. In developing countries like India, two-third of patients present with advanced stage of disease, where survival is dismal. Hence a retrospective study was planned to be conducted to observe the clinicopathological profile of patients presenting with metastatic lung carcinoma and to analyse the treatment response and survival in these cases. A retrospective analysis was done from hospital files of patients with metastatic carcinoma lung presenting to our hospital from January 2015 to April 2018. Out of 55 patients of metastatic lung carcinoma ,36(65%) were male and 19(35%) were female. Majority of the patients were of elderly age group >60yrs i.e. 47%(36patients),followed by 40-60yrs age group i.e. 31%(17 patients).Considering laterality of primary malignancy, right lung was more commonly affected than left lung(60% vs 40%).Histopathologically adenocarcinoma was the most common variety encountered(85.45%,47 patients) followed by squamous cell variety(0.9%,5 patients).Among 47 patients of adenocarcinoma variety,20 patients(42.5%)have EGFR mutations, whereas 27 patients(57.5%) were EGFR nonmutated. The pattern of metastases shows single organ metastasis in 19 patients (34.5%) and multiple organ metastases in 36 patients(65.5%). Overall bone was the most common site (25 patients) of metastases whereas brain was the most common single organ metastasis site. The follow-up period ranged from 2months to 40 months(median follow-up period-7mnths).One year and two year overall survival was 30% and 10.9% respectively. Subgroup analysis between patients who have received Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors(TKI)±chemotherapy group and those who have received chemotherapy only group showed median overall survival of 19 months vs 6mnths respectively. In spite of increased awareness, incidence of metastatic lung carcinoma is still high. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histopathological variety. Bone contralateral lung and brain were the common organs involved by metastases. EGFR mutation status should be assessed in all cases of adenocarcinoma lung. Adding TKI in EGFR mutated cases has shown increased survival in our study. Larger sample size and longer follow-up period can further validify the results.