CULTURE AND SOCIABILITY: Leisure activities in france In this article, which draws on a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews, the authors analyse recreational practices in France. After highlighting a number of recent trends in cultural practices, they draw up a typology with seven main types of behaviour that appear to be strongly marked socio-demographically. They then examine cultural homogamy in couples, and its distribution in relation to type. Finally, they consider cultural sociability based on an analysis of the different modes of interaction with family and friends. On the whole, effects of age - and to a lesser extent gender - appear to play a decisive role in the choice of practices and their articulation with sociability.

Résumé Chez les adolescents, la déclaration publique des préférences culturelles est une manière, parmi d’autres, de mettre en scène les identités sexuées. À partir de deux recherches menées sur des adolescents français, cet article montre que les pratiques culturelles qui sont trop associées à l’approche féminine de la culture servent de pôle « répulsif » pour les adolescents masculins. Ils marquent leurs distances à l’égard des contenus sentimentaux, refusent l’expression publique des émotions et déprécient le culte des célébrités. La culture juvénile apparaît être un terrain d’observation important pour analyser aujourd’hui les entreprises de re-masculinisation en milieu scolaire.

Hepatoblastoma, the most common pediatric liver cancer, is tightly linked to excessive Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Here, we used microarray analysis to identify two tumor subclasses resembling distinct phases of liver development and a discriminating 16-gene signature. beta-catenin activated different transcriptional programs in the two tumor types, with distinctive expression of hepatic stem/progenitor markers in immature tumors. This highly proliferating subclass was typified by gains of chromosomes 8q and 2p and upregulated Myc signaling. Myc-induced hepatoblastoma-like tumors in mice strikingly resembled the human immature subtype, and Myc downregulation in hepatoblastoma cells impaired tumorigenesis in vivo. Remarkably, the 16-gene signature discriminated invasive and metastatic hepatoblastomas and predicted prognosis with high accuracy.

Résumé À partir d’observations de type ethnographique, cet article s’intéresse aux professionnels de la télévision française et pose la question du pouvoir en situation d’interdépendance. L’analyse est centrée sur les conflits entre professions « visibles » (animateurs et comédiens) et professions « invisibles » (producteurs, techniciens et réalisateurs). Elle montre les stratégies employées par les « invisibles » pour minimiser l’importance des « visibles », afin de rétablir des principes hiérarchiques ou coopératifs souvent bafoués par les effets de popularité spécifiques au petit écran.

A partir d'une enquête par questionnaires et entretiens semi-directifs, cet article se propose d'analyser les pratiques de loisirs des Français. Après avoir souligné un certain nombre d'évolutions récentes dans les pratiques culturelles, il dresse une typologie des comportements en sept grands types qui apparaissent fortement marqués sociodémographiquement. Les auteurs s'interrogent ensuite sur l'homogamie culturelle dans le couple et sa distribution selon les types. Enfin, ils abordent la question de la sociabilité culturelle à partir d'une analyse des différents modes d'interaction avec l'entourage familial et amical. Sur l'ensemble des items étudiés, les effets de l'âge – et dans une moindre mesure du sexe – apparaissent jouer un rôle déterminant sur les choix de pratiques et leur articulation avec la sociabilité.

A partir d'une enquete par questionnaires et entretiens semi-directifs, cet article se propose d'analyser les pratiques de loisirs des Francais. Apres avoir souligne un certain nombre d'evolutions recentes dans les pratiques culturelles, il dresse une typologie des comportements en sept grands types qui apparaissent fortement marques sociodemographiquement. Les auteurs s'interrogent ensuite sur l'homogamie culturelle dans le couple et sa distribution selon les types. Enfin, ils abordent la question de la sociabilite culturelle a partir d'une analyse des differents modes d'interaction avec l'entourage familial et amical. Sur l'ensemble des items etudies, les effets de l'âge - et dans une moindre mesure du sexe - apparaissent jouer un role determinant sur les choix de pratiques et leur articulation avec la sociabilite.

To evaluate survival and prognostic factors of 108 patients with clinically or mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), treated from 1980 to 1996 by complete local excision followed by external irradiation.The median age was 51 (range 37-80). All the patients underwent surgery consisting of a wide resection of the mammary gland harbouring the tumour. The surgical specimens were sent to the pathologists to get information on histology and margin clearance; all the slides were reviewed by one of us to assess the tumoral diameter. External beam therapy was delivered within 8 weeks after surgery. The prescribed irradiation dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions to be given in 5 weeks. The median duration of follow-up was 93 months (range 40-173).There were nine patients with local recurrence (8.3%); three patients had local recurrence of DCIS and six patients developed invasive breast cancer. The treatment of local recurrence consisted of mastectomy with or without axillary dissection (eight cases) and quadrantectomy (one case). The 5-year and 10-year ipsilateral recurrence-free rate was respectively 92 and 89%. The 10-year cause specific survival was 100%. In univariate analysis, size>or=10 mm, age<45 years old and margin status were significant P=0,02, P=0,03, P=0,005; margin status was significant in multivariate analysis (P<0,02).These results are in keeping with those of the literature. They could be improved by the mass screening campaign, which is going on since January 1990 among women aged 50-74 years.

PURPOSE:To evaluate survival and prognostic factors of 108 patients with clinically or mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), treated from 1980 to 1996 by complete local excision followed by external irradiation.PATIENTS AND METHODS:The median age was 51 (range 37-80). All the patients underwent surgery consisting of a wide resection of the mammary gland harbouring the tumour. The surgical specimens were sent to the pathologists to get information on histology and margin clearance; all the slides were reviewed by one of us to assess the tumoral diameter. External beam therapy was delivered within 8 weeks after surgery. The prescribed irradiation dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions to be given in 5 weeks. The median duration of follow-up was 93 months (range 40-173).RESULTS:There were nine patients with local recurrence (8.3%); three patients had local recurrence of DCIS and six patients developed invasive breast cancer. The treatment of local recurrence consisted of mastectomy with or without axillary dissection (eight cases) and quadrantectomy (one case). The 5-year and 10-year ipsilateral recurrence-free rate was respectively 92 and 89%. The 10-year cause specific survival was 100%. In univariate analysis, size>or=10 mm, age<45 years old and margin status were significant P=0,02, P=0,03, P=0,005; margin status was significant in multivariate analysis (P<0,02).CONCLUSION:These results are in keeping with those of the literature. They could be improved by the mass screening campaign, which is going on since January 1990 among women aged 50-74 years.

Aujourd’hui la socialisation des jeunes s’accomplit de plus en plus dans la société de leurs pairs. Les médias, et tout particulièrement la télévision, jouent un rôle déterminant dans ces apprentissages intragénérationnels. En discutant avec d’autres des programmes télévi- suels, très souvent des séries, les jeunes cherchent à explorer l’univers relationnel et la grammaire amoureuse, ils tentent d’évaluer, par ces échanges, les modèles physiques et les propositions morales auxquels ils ont été confrontés à l’écran. La télévision est aussi un moyen de se mettre en scène: la déclaration des préférences, les emprunts vestimentaires ou les imitations permettent d’opérer une présentation sociale de soi, de se montrer fille ou garçon, d’afficher ses choix de vie. Ce travail de construction identitaire s’opère aussi à travers d’autres médias — la presse magazine, la radio— et dans les échanges à distance rendus possibles par de nouvelles technologies de communication comme le téléphone portable ou Internet.

Cette etude de cas sur les pratiques telephoniques d’une trentaine de familles immigrees installees dans des cites de la region parisienne debouche sur trois conclusions. La premiere est que le telephone est devenu le mode principal de communication avec la famille restee dans le pays d’origine, detronant ainsi d’autres formes d’echanges (les courriers, les messages oraux, les cassettes enregistrees) vecus comme emotionnellement moins bien adaptes. La seconde est que ces familles habituellement percues comme demunies face aux nouvelles offres technologiques ont au contraire tres bien su jouer des offres tarifaires liees a la concurrence entre operateurs, et meme se montrer leaders en matiere d’innovation, en adoptant de facon precoce et massive l’usage du telephone mobile. Enfin, le clivage entre les usages telephoniques avec les ascendants – qui passent par le fixe – et les usages telephoniques avec les descendants – qui passent par les mobiles – semble montrer que la telephonie est le support de deux logiques tres differentes, une logique de l’echange qui renvoie aux codes de l’honneur familial, et une logique du calcul et de la rationalite qui renvoie a la necessite de repondre aux problemes specifiques que pose l’environnement.

The shortage of organ donors has led to progressive softening of selection criteria for organ donation. We report on hepatic transplantation in a 55-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis, whose donor was a 50-year-old heart transplant recipient who became brain stem dead, due to cerebral bleeding 8 months after transplantation. An orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the recipient was alive and had normal liver function after a 42-month follow-up. Analysis of the literature included ethical consideration, potential hepatotoxic effects of immunosuppressive drugs and modification of the graft immunogenicity. It confirms that transplanted patients should not be a priori excluded from organ donation.

Resume La penurie d’organes a amene toutes les equipes a assouplir leurs criteres de selection, chez le donneur. Le but de cette etude etait de rapporter une transplantation hepatique effectuee chez une patiente de 55 ans porteuse d’une cirrhose biliaire primitive dont le greffon a ete preleve chez un transplante cardiaque de 50 ans, decede d’hemorragie cerebrale huit mois apres sa greffe. L’intervention et les suites ont ete sans particularite, et la patiente allait bien avec une fonction hepatique normale avec 42 mois de recul. L’analyse de la litterature, en tenant compte des considerations ethiques, de la toxicite hepatique de l’immunosuppression et du statut immunologique particulier de ce greffon hepatique, confirme que le statut de transplante ne permet pas d’exclure a priori du prelevement un donneur potentiel.

In a recent series of 230 consecutive patients who underwent surgery in our institution for medically-intractable epilepsy, 15 were identified with cortical dysplasias (CD), five with tuberous sclerosis (TS) and 35 with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNETs). Among the 15 cases of CD, 14 revealed changes consistent with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD): localized disruption of the normal cortical lamination by large bizarre neurons: close mixture of giant neurons and 'ballooned' cells in both deeper layers of cortex and subcortical white matter. In the one remaining case, CD was characterized by a hypercellular molecular layer with increased numbers of neurons and glia associated with clusters of neurons in the cortex. Ln five children, the characteristic lesions of TS were present consisting of multifocal cortical tubers (CTs) and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). CTs appeared as firm nodular and often calcified lesions. Histologically, CTs exhibited abnormal cortical lamination, neuronal dysmorphism with giant neurons and variable numbers of large and eosinophilic cells looking like 'ballooned' cells of FCD. All SEGAs were localized near the anterior or medial part of the ventricular system. The tumoural population was made of large spindle to epithelioid cells and of giant ballon-like cells with a striking perivascular clustering. In 35 surgical specimens DNETs were identified. The main pathological characteristics consisted of intracortical location, multinodular pattern with mucoid substance accumulation, and a 'specific glioneuronal element'. An inconstant additional feature was an oligoglial, astrocytic or mixed oligoastrocytic nodularity. Various 'dysplastic' features mainly consisting of atypical multinucleated giant cells (15 cases) and CD (14 cases) were also observed in the cerebral tissue adjacent to DNETs. Herein we have focused on the main pathological features of CD, TS, and DNETs according to the most recent literature.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is an aggressive neoplasm first described in 1991. Recently, a reciprocal translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) has been characterized by conventional cytogenetic studies and molecular analysis. This translocation involves the Ewing's sarcoma gene on chromosome 22 and the Wilms' tumor gene WT1 on chromosome 11. The chimeric transcript corresponding to the fusion gene could be detected by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using an anti-WT1 antibody, the WT1 part of the putative chimeric protein could be recognized by immunohistochemistry. We describe two well-characterized cases of intraabdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor in two male patients aged 14 and 28 with both RT-PCR analysis and immunostaining for WT1. In this report, we insist on the necessity to increase the RT-PCR analysis in DSRCT in order to obtain a precise differential diagnosis. In addition, WT1 immunostaining may serve as a useful diagnostic marker for DSRCT.

This report concerns the histopathological findings in 230 consecutive surgical specimens of patients with partial drug-resistant epilepsy. Six main pathological groups were identified corresponding to 74 tumors, 56 developmental lesions, 47 Ammon's horn sclerosis, II glial or gliomesodermal scars, and 4 Rasmussen's encephalitis. In 14 patients, 2 distinct abnormalities were observed with Ammon's horn sclerosis as arte part of the dual pathology. Among tumoral lesions which accounted for approximately one-third of patients, 35 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial turners, 21 gangliogliomas, 5 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas of tuberous sclerosis, 4 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, 4 astrocytomas (1 pilocytic), 3 astroblastomas, 1 oligodendroglioma and I epidermoid cyst were observed. All tumors were of low histopathological grade (WHO, 1993 grade I or grade II). In our experience, tumoral pathology of childhood with intractable epilepsy was not significantly different of pathological features observed in adult patients. Our findings also emphasize that dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and gangliogliomas were the most common tumors encountered in partial drug-resistant epilepsy.

The incidence of Acanthamoeba keratitis has decreased significantly, and it is no longer a reportable condition in the United States. Corneal abrasion and contact lenses play an important role in the development of Acanthamoeba keratitis. One of the most important features of the disease is severe pain, which is atypical for herpes simplex. The pathognomonic sign for Acanthamoeba is radial neuritis or inflammation around the corneal nerve caused by the parasites. The most important step in prevention of Acanthamoeba keratitis is effective education of patients about the care of contact lenses. A combination of Brolene and Neomycin is the best approach in treating Acanthamoeba keratitis. However, if treatment with these drugs fails, clotrimazole is recommended.