Main types of deposition of various functional coatings (gas-thermal, galvanic, paint-and-lacquer and diffusion ones) are considered. The requirements for materials forming the coatings, as well as the general requirements for the process of their deposition and the requirements directly for the resulting functional coatings themselves are given. Various technologies for ensuring described requirements have been analyzed.

The influence of ultrasonic vibrations applied to an electrolyte during copper plating on micro- and submicrogeometric properties of a coating and characteristics of the electrodeposition process are studied. The altitude parameters of the coating roughness are found to decrease by 7.5–8.5 times, and the submicrostructural parameters are improved by 2 times with increasing copper deposition efficiency.

The main methods of surface preparation before applying functional coatings are considered. Promising ways of their modernization are identified. The influence of ultrasonic processing methods on the surface geometry is considered.

The results of studies concerning the effect of ultrasonic impact parameters exerted on the characteristics of a formed aerosol are presented. Based on high-speed filming performed under spraying a drop of a model liquid, a qualitative description of changes in the aerosol parameters is given depending on the viscosity of the liquid and the amplitude of ultrasonic oscillations. In the course of computer processing of video fragments, the aerosol concentration, the average size of the droplets, and their motion velocity have been determined.

A review of the current state of research on the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the condition of the surface is carried out. Studies are presented in which the relationship between the parameters of the ultrasonic treatment mode and the physical and mechanical properties of the surface is considered. Various types of ultrasonic liquid and solid-state processing are considered. The second part of the review is devoted to cavitation-erosion treatment, ultrasonic surface plastic deformation and combined processes.

The possibilities of using the ultrasonic technologies to improve the operational properties of functional coatings are considered. Technological recommendations for the use of ultrasonic technologies at various stages of coating deposition are proposed.

For various methods of obtaining coatings, the general stage of technology is the preparation of the surface for the application of the coating material. The properties of the resulting coating directly depend on the quality of preparation. In the process of obtaining coatings, the most common application of ultrasonic treatment to clean the surface from all kinds of contaminants. However, with a sufficient intensity of processing, ultrasound has a significant effect on the geometric properties of the surfaces of products. Prolonged cavitation action leads to changes in the roughness and sub-roughness of the metal surface. The article discusses the effectiveness of the use of ultrasonic liquid treatment in the preparation of surfaces for coating. The results of studies on the effect of cavitation on the change in roughness, sub-roughness and oil absorption are presented. Revealed an improvement in the adhesion properties of surfaces after ultrasonic liquid treatment.

The advantages of ultrasonic spraying technology compared to pneumatic spraying technologies have been examined. The physical-mechanical and geometrical properties of the surface obtained after spraying the paint material by ultrasonic and pneumatic methods were compared.

This article overviews the current state of research on the intensification of obtaining fixed through the use of ultrasonic vibrations. The work is divided into two parts according to the principle of ultrasonic action. In the first part, fixed joints are considered, obtained as a result of ultrasonic action on a connecting material in a liquid state: welded, soldered and glued joints. The second part is devoted to joints for which ultrasonic solid-state processing is carried out: riveting, pressing and products obtained using additive technologies, replacing the process of assembling a joint from several parts by layer-by-layer synthesizing of the assembly as a whole.

Main effects arising from the use of ultrasonic vibrations at the stage of applying functional coatings are considered. Results of the use of ultrasound for various application technologies are analyzed.

This article overviews the current state of research on the intensification of obtaining fixed through the use of ultrasonic vibrations. The work is divided into two parts according to the principle of ultrasonic action. In the first part, fixed joints are considered, obtained as a result of ultrasonic action on a connecting material in a liquid state: welded, soldered and glued joints. The second part is devoted to joints for which ultrasonic solid-state processing is carried out: riveting, pressing and products obtained using additive technologies, replacing the process of assembling a joint from several parts by layer-by-layer synthesizing of the assembly as a whole.

The influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the formation of a weld structure is studied. The laws of changing the structure from the weld surface to the base metal are considered, and the mechanisms of ultrasonic action on the crystallizing metal are described.

The results of studies on the surface of Kh12MF steel following exposure to ultrasonic treatment in a liquid medium are presented. The microhardness, roughness parameters, structure, and submicron structure of surface layers are determined. The mechanism of erosion is revealed along with its correlation with the parameters of micro- and submicron geometry of the sample surface. The possibility of using liquid ultrasonic treatment to improve the properties of heavy-duty materials and components having complex geometry is established.

In liquid rotation during ultrasound treatment, pressure due to the centrifugal force increases the total force on the cavitational bubbles, thereby increasing the power at collapse. Research on the erosive activity of ultrasound fields of different intensity under different centrifugal pressure shows that the activity is increased to 80 and 70% with treatment of low and high amplitude, respectively.

The parameters affecting the reliability of threaded joints are analyzed. The most significant is the tightening force. Existing methods of improving the assembly and disassembly of threaded joints by means of ultrasound are reviewed. The most significant parameter is found to be the vibrational amplitude of the ultrasound. The influence of shear vibrations on the forces within the joint is investigated.

The influence of ultrasonic surface plastic deformation on the surface roughness and hardness is considered. The influence of the force applied to the deforming element (indenter) on the surface characteristics is determined. The optimal parameters of ultrasound treatment are established.

The state of the art in studying the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the state of the surface is reviewed. The studies in which the relation between the ultrasonic treatment parameters and the physicomechanical properties of the surface is analyzed are considered. Various types of ultrasonic liquid and solid-state treatment are discussed. The first part of the review is devoted to cavitation-erosion treatment.

Intensification of threaded-joint assembly by means of ultrasound is considered. The influence of ultrasound on the force between the joint components is studied theoretically and experimentally. Recommendations are made for optimizing the process so as to improve threaded-joint performance.

The change in submicrostructure of a weld seam produced in the presence of ultrasound is studied.

In the erosion-free zone that appears during high-amplitude ultrasound treatment, the useful work is mainly performed by cavitational clusters. In the absence of collapse, the clusters grow and produce small-scale turbulence. As shown in the present work, cavitational clusters may be activated by the additional acoustic pressure arising when a low-amplitude source is coaxial with the high-amplitude source.