Background: Glioblastomaisarapidlylethalcancerwithastringentneedfornewtreat-mentstrategies.Inthisstudy,wetestedifchitosan-cappedgoldnanoparticles(Chit-GNPs)mayovercomethelimitationsofdrugconcentrationsbyanincreasedcellin-ternalisationinglioblastomastem-likecells(GSCs)andifsuchGNPscouldenhancetheresponsetoirradiation. GSCslineswereisolatedfromglioblastomatumorfragmentsandcharacter-isedwithstemnessandneuralmarkers.ChitosanbiopolymerwasusedasreducingandstabilizingagenttogenerateChit-GNPsthroughanenvironmentallyfriendlysynthesisprocedure.ThefabricatedChit-GNPswerecharacterizedbyUV-vis-NIRextinctionspectroscopy,transmissionelectronmicroscopyandzetapotentialmeasurements.GSCsandtwonormalcelllineswereselectedforinvitroinvestigations.TheuptakeandcytotoxicityofChit-GNPswereevaluatedrelativelytothatofcitrate-cappedgoldnano-spheres(GNPs)ofsimilarsize.CelllinesweretreatedwithincreasingconcentrationsofGNPsandChit-GNPsandthenirradiatedwithhypofractionatedradiotherapy(3con-secutivefractionsof1,2Gy)andbrachytherapy(onesinglefractionof1and2Gy).TheeffectwasevaluatedthroughtheMTTcellviabilitytestandconfirmedwithTrypanblue-basedcounting.

Background: In this study, the prognostic role of HMGB expression determined with immunohistochemistry in patients with glioblastoma, and the relationship with the systemic inflammatory response indicators, NLR and PLR are studied. Methods: This study included 30 patients who had a histopathologic diagnosis of glioblastoma and 14 patients who underwent surgery for a non-tumoural intracranial pathology in Antalya Education and Research Hospital between 2008-2012. HMGB1 expression was examined via immunohistochemical method. Results: There were a significant difference of HMGB1 expression between the study and the control group (p = 0.002). HMGB1 expression was found positive in 23 patients (76.7%) and negative in 7 (23.3%) patients in the study group. In the control group, it was positive in 4 (28.6%) patients and negative in 10 (71.4%) patients. When NLR was used as the SIR indicator, it was determined as positive in 11 (36.7%) patients and as negative in 19 (63.3%) patients. When PLR was used as the SIR indicator, it was determined as positive in 10 (33.3%) patients and negative in 20 (66.7%) patients. Median follow up period of patients was 7.8±7.2 (Range 0.7-26.1). Median survival of the study group was 9.6±1.8 (95% Confidence Interval Range 6-13.2) (Figure 1). There wasn't any significant difference between HMGB1 expression and survival (p = 0.692) (Figure 2). When NLR or PLR was used as the SIR indicator, there wasn't any relation or difference determined between SIR and survival (p = 0.692, p = 0.740). A significant relation was determined between HMBG1 expression and NLR (p = 0.29). NLR was negative in 17 (73.9%) patients with positive HMGB1 expression, whereas it was negative in 2 (28.6%) patients with negative HMGB1 expression. HMGB1 expression suppresses SIR response. There wasn't any relationship between HMGB1 expression and PLR (p = 0,127). Conclusions: Results we achieved in our study lead to the opinion that HMGB1 overexpression might have a role in the immune response to the developing tumour in patients with glioblastoma. While treatment strategies are developing in patients with glioblastoma, we believe that HMGB1 could be an important treatment goal. Legal entity responsible for the study: Mustafa Yıldırım Funding: None Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to describe the findings associated with gastric pathology and to identify the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). PATIENTS AND METHODS Gastric specimens of a total of 291 patients (225 females, 66 males; mean age: 42 years; range: 18 to 60 years) who underwent LSG for the treatment of morbid obesity were analyzed. Histopathologic diagnoses and their relation with body mass index (BMI), age and gender were evaluated. RESULTS In the histopathological examination of sleeve specimens, 58 patients (19.93%) had chronic gastritis, 102 patients (35.05%) had chronic active gastritis, 27 patients (9.27%) had follicular gastritis, 47 patients (16.15%) had active follicular gastritis, one patient (0.34%) had a glomus tumor, and one patient (0.34%) had a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The gastric mucosa was normal in 55 patients (18.90%). Intestinal metaplasia was detected in eight patients (2.74%). The H. pylori test result was positive in 126 patients (43.29%). There was no statistically significant difference between the pathological diagnoses and age and sex of the patient. CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that the prevalence of chronic active gastritis and H. pylori positivity is high in morbidly obese Turkish patient population. No significant difference was found between the pathological diagnosis in obese patients with LSG operation in terms of age and sex.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the strain elastography imaging characteristics of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and compare strain ratio values of IGM with those of breast cancer.Material and methods: Twenty-three consecutive women with IGM (mean age, 37.9 +/- 6.6 [SD] years; range: 26-52 years) and 45 women with malignant breast tumor (mean age, 52.8 +/- 12.0 [SD], range, 32-77 years) who had been scheduled for ultrasound-guided core biopsy were recruited to the study. All had ultrasonography with elastography before biopsy. The strain ratios of lesions were calculated using surrounding normal breast tissue as the reference in both groups and compared between the two groups. Receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curves were formed. Sensitivity, specificity, cut-off, and area under curve (AUC) values were calculated.Results: The mean strain ratio on sonoelastography was 1.5 +/- 0.8 (SD) (range: 0.2-4.0) for IGM and 5.3 +/- 5.2 (SD) (range: 1.4-33) for malignant lesions. Strain ratio values in IGM lesions were significantly lower than in malignant lesions (P < 0.05). ROC test yielded an AUC value of 0.939( 95% confidence interval, 0.882-0.995; P < 0.0001). Optimal cut-off value for strain ratio valuewas 2.5 yielding 87% sensitivity and 96% specificity for the diagnosis of IGM.Conclusion: Sonoelastographic strain ratio contributes to differentiate IGM from malignant breast lesions, thus has potential to influence clinical decision making for further biopsies. (C) 2017 Editions francaises de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Purpose: To explore the utility of p57, c-erbB-2, CD117, and Bcl-2 immunostaining in the differential diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM), partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), and hydropic abortion (HA). Materials and Methods. Immunohistochemical expression of the p57, c-erbB-2, CD117, and Bcl-2 proteins were investigated semi-quantitatively using paraffin-embedded tissue sections from histologically unequivocal cases of CHM (n = 20), PHM = 23), and HA (n = 17). Results: All cases of CHM exhibited a striking absence of p57 expression. The percentage of positive p57 staining was similar between PHMs (73.9%) and HAs (76.5%) (p > 0.05). The comparison of c-erbB-2 expression revealed a significantly higher percentage of positive c-erbB-2 staining in CHMs (45%) compared with that in PHMs (8.7%) and HAs (5.9%) (p = 0.006 and 0.01, respectively). The CD117 expression pattern (immunoreactivity score, percentage of positive cells, and staining intensity) was significantly lower in HAs compared with that in PHMs and CHMs (p < 0.05 for all). A significantly increased Bcl-2 expression pattern was observed in HAs compared with that in PHMs and CHMs < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Immunohistochemical examination of p57, c-erbB-2. CD117, and Bcl-2 expression represents a relatively simple, reliable, and cost-efficient procedure to definitively distinguish among CHM, PHM, and HA.

Background and Aims: Surgical removal of impacted teeth is a common operation in oral surgery. Thus, pathological potential of impacted third molars is extensively studied. However, many of those studies based on data collected from analysis of radiographs only. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the follicles of symptomatic and asymptomatic impacted third molars histopathologically for a number of characteristics. Materials and Methods: Records of the patients who had been previously operated for impacted third molars were reviewed. Eighty-three patients were selected and divided into two groups, clinically symptomatic and clinically asymptomatic. None of the patients had a radiographic pericoronal radiolucency of wider than 2.5 mm. Histopathological samples of the patients were obtained and re-examined by two pathologists. Two groups were statistically compared for 12 histological parameters. Results: Eleven of the 12 parameters had statistically significant differences (P 0.05), whereas one parameter (odontogenic remnants) was found not to be significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: A delay in impacted third molar surgery can lead to further pathological changes in dental follicles and can increase severity of the inflammation. Moreover, dimensions of the pericoronal radiolucency may not provide a correct interpretation of the pathological changes in the region.

The authors aimed to compare the maternal serum level and placental expression of resistin in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and clarify their relationship with disease severity. This cross-sectional study included 50 healthy pregnant women, 50 women with mild preeclampsia, and 48 women with severe preeclampsia. Serum resistin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay and placental resistin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Resistin levels were significantly higher in women with mild and severe preeclampsia than in the healthy controls (p = 0.012 andp < 0.001, respectively). Placental resistin expression was significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia compared to women with mild preeclampsia (p = 0.003) and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Serum resistin levels were positively correlated with gestational age and umbilical and uterine artery Doppler indices, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but negatively correlated with birth weight (p < 0.05). On the other hand, placental resistin expression was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and uterine artery indices, but negatively correlated with birth weight (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increased cir- culating levels and placental expression of resistin in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia were correlated with disease severity.