Review outcomes of IVF with PGD via array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) for translocation patients. Retroactive study of outcomes obtained from IVF groups and Reprogenetics internal data between 2010 and 2015. Patient pregnancy data obtained from patient or IVF group report, PGD data on blastocysts (n=1,590) and blastomeres (n= 1,887) obtained from Reprogenetics internal report, outcome data obtained from follow-up with IVF groups. We reviewed outcome data for 164 cycles of patients with translocations, with data from >400 cycles pending (average maternal age 34.3, range 23-46). 54.5% cycles were blastocyst biopsies and 45.4% blastomere biopsies, resulting in 3,477 embryos analyzed (Table 1). 27.6% of patients did not have a normal/balanced embryo for transfer. Prior to PGD, 16.9% of patients were nulligravida, and of patients with a previous pregnancy, 69.9% had at least 1 pregnancy loss with 36.1% experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (≥3 losses); 25% of patients with a pregnancy loss had at least one pregnancy known to be unbalanced for the parental translocation. 30.9% of patients had had a successful pregnancy (living child) prior to PGD. Outcome data was obtained for 164 embryo transfers. Pregnancy was achieved in 61.6% of transfers (101/164), of which 60.4% delivered and 23.8% pregnancies are ongoing. Of the pregnancies that did not continue, 4% resulted in a blighted ovum, 10.9% resulted in spontaneous abortion and one pregnancy was terminated following the identification of an unspecified heart condition. Of the patients who achieved pregnancy, 67.5% had a previous history of pregnancy loss. Due to high numbers of unbalanced embryos, over 25% of aCGH cycles for a translocation do not yield an embryo for transfer. Pregnancies (without PGD) in translocation patients have a greater chance of miscarriage (range: 25(1)- 65(2)%) compared to 15% in this study. Average time to success also ranges from 3.5(1)-6(2) years; with this study, pregnancy was obtained in 61.6% of reported cycles. PGD via aCGH appears to decrease the rate of pregnancy loss in patients who achieve pregnancy following IVF and PGD.Tabled 1Table 1: aCGH Results for Embryos Analyzed for Translocations.# Normal/Balanced# Unbalanced# Aneuploid# No ResultsTotal Embryos Tested(n=3,477)706(20.3%)1,889(54.3%)664(18.5%)238(6.8%)Reciprocal Translocation Embryos(n=3,117)567(18.2%)1,788(57.4%)544(17.5%)218(6.9%)Robertsonian Translocation Embryos(n=360)139(38.6%)101(28.1%)100(27.8%)20(5.5%) Open table in a new tab

To determine the efficacy of continuous dosing of FSH on the day of hCG trigger. Retrospective data analysis. Ongoing pregnancy outcomes (OG) were analyzed from 715 agonist, antagonist and microflare cycles between January 2010 and March 2011. Cycles with no FSH administration on the day of hCG (NFSH, n = 446) were compared to those with a continuous dose of FSH in which FSH was maintained at the same ordered dosage on the day of hCG (CFSH, n = 269). A significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rate was found in cycles with NFSH compared to CFSH cycles (44% v. 23%, P<0.0001). Patients < 35 had significantly higher pregnancy rates with NFSH vs. CFSH (52% v. 33%, P< 0.007). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates in patients >35 with discontinued and continuous doses. Antagonist stimulations showed significantly higher pregnancy rates with NFSH (46% v 23%, P<0.005). On the contrary, there were no ongoing pregnancies in microflare cycles with NFSH compared to a 21% ongoing pregnacy rate in microflare cycles with CFSH. Patients <35 on their 1st or 2nd attempt trended towards better outcomes with NFSH (53% v. 40% in agonist cycles and 50% v. 31% in antagonist cycles). Patients with starting FSH doses of ≤ 225 had significantly higher rates with a NFSH (52% v. 31%, P=0.0001). Cycles with initial FSH doses greater than 225 for all stimulation protocols showed no significant difference in pregnancy rates between NFSH and CFSH. The benefit of FSH administration on the day of hCG is dependent on patient age and stimulation type. A continuous dose of FSH on the day of hCG may improve pregnancy outcomes in microflare cycles. FSH should not be administered on the day of hCG in high prognosis patients less than 35 and those on antagonist stimulation protocols.

OBJECTIVE: eSET is recommend to lower multiple gestation yet few programs adopt its use due to concern of lower pregnancy rates. Identifying the clinical parameters resulting in pregnancy success with eSET will encourage its use. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical parameters resulting in successful pregnancy following eSET. DESIGN: Retrospective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SET and eSET in women <38 yo were evaluated by: diagnosis, stimulation, day of hCG, maximum E2, and total FSH given. Ongoing/delivered pregnancy was the endpoint. RESULTS: 127 SET cycles in 397 transfer cycles resulted in 51 (40%) deliveries; 34 were non-selective SETs resulting in 8 (23.5%) deliveries; and 43/93 (46%) eSET delivered. Agonist and antagonist cycles afforded similar success rates (46% vs 43%). OCP with antagonist cycles was beneficial (43% vs. 33%; P<0.05) but detrimental in agonist cycles (36% vs. 50%; P<0.01). Total FSH had a significant effect: <1000IU, delivery rate; 20%; 1001-1500IU, 67%; 1501-2000IU, 70%; 2001-3000IU, 53% and >3000IU, 51%. Max E2 was significant at>4000 pg/mL (P<0.01) with less deliveries, 50% vs. 20%. Day of hCG, total FSH, and days of FSH resulted in decreased delivery rates: <10 days, 50%; 10 days, 42%; >10 days 32% (P<0.05). The infertility diagnosis for SET and eSET significantly effected delivery rates (table).TableDiagnosis versus SET and eSET outcome.DiagnosisNSETeSETMale Factor4652%55%∗P<0.05 vs others;Tubal2148%60%∗P<0.05 vs others;§P<0.01 vs SET.Endometriosis837.5%50%∗P<0.05 vs others;§P<0.01 vs SET.PCOS2528%39%Uterine520%25%Unexplained1533%36%Diminished Ovarian Reserve50%0%RPL2(50%)(100%)∗ P<0.05 vs others;§ P<0.01 vs SET. Open table in a new tab CONCLUSIONS: Patient diagnosis influenced outcome in eSET, with tubal and male factor resulting in the highest delivery rates. The day of hCG, total dose of FSH and the maximum E2 level all effect outcome. The type of stimulation did not impact outcome, except pre-treatment with OCP. Clinical parameters within a cycle are important in selecting patients for eSET.

The deindustrialization of North American cities is generally told as a post-World War II narrative, featuring factory closings, highways to the suburbs, and urban renewal programs responding to the loss of jobs and population. Yet, as recent scholarship on industrial suburbanization has shown, the decentralization of manufacturing manifested itself throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Some scholars of twentieth-century planning have observed that urban renewal programs hurt cities as much as they helped. This essay argues that some late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century redevelopment programs played a greater causal role in deindustrialization and the shift in Americans' conceptions of cities from places of production to places of consumption. Surveying the complex relationships between urban and industrial restructuring in Philadelphia during the pre-Depression decades, it examines the prehistory of federal urban renewal at the state and local level.

HOXA10 encodes a transcription factor required for endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Our objective is to identify and to characterize those molecular markers regulated by HOXA10 expression. Here we have identified putative HOXA10 target genes by microarray analysis in a murine model. We have selected candidate genes and have verified their differential mRNA expression. Elucidation of these pathways will allow further characterization of the molecular mechanisms governing endometrial development. Liposome-mediated gene transfection was used to deliver either a plasmid that constitutively expresses HOXA10 (pcDNA/HOXA10) or a sham control. Twenty-four hours after vaginal plug detection a laparatomy was performed and the uterine horns were injected with DNA/liposome. The uterus was harvest forty-eight hours later and total uterine RNA was isolated and then used to perform microarray analysis employing an Affymetrix Genechip that assayed for 39,000 mouse targets. Differential expression of selected targets was confirmed employing real-time PCR on the cDNA generated from the total RNA. Microarray analysis identified 82 statistically-significant genes regulated by HOXA10 overexpression of which 57 genes were down-regulated greater than 2-fold over control. Cellular ontogenies of differentially-expressed genes include: cell adhesion molecules, signal transduction factors as well as metabolic regulators. Quantitative-real time RT-PCR confirmed regulation of selected candidate genes. Examples included: clusterin, phoshoglycerate 3-dehydrogenase (PGDH), and tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2). HOXA10 is necessary for blastocyst implantation, however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this process remains elusive. The differential expression of HOXA10 at this critical window of implantation may lead to protean effects on gene expression. Employing this screening strategy, we have identified genes regulated by HOXA10. These regulatory relationships are identified in mouse implantation and likely function to enhance uterine receptivity.

En los últimos años, las anomalías detectadas en las propiedades magnéticas totales (e.g. Susceptibilidad (MS) y Magnetismo Remanente Natural (NRM)) medidas en estudios aeromagnéticos o en muestras de superficie sobre campos petrolíferos, han sido atribuidas a la presencia, en niveles someros, de agregados esferoidales de magnetita autigénica, producto del ambiente reductor inducido por el reservorio subyacente. De verificarse la relación causal entre las anomalías medidas en las propiedades magnéticas y la presencia de hidrocarburos, este tipo de estudio podría ser utilizado como una herramienta rápida, efectiva y económica para estimar la distribución de crudos en zonas en explotación. En este trabajo se realiza una validación de la técnica, utilizando muestras en profundidad de tres pozos (dos productores, uno no productor), pertenecientes al campo La Victoria, Edo. Apure, Venezuela. Los registros de MS y NRM correspondientes a niveles someros (hasta 1500 metros de profundidad), se complementan con estudios de difracción de Rayos X, Microscopía Electrónica (Transmisión y Barrido), curvas de Termoremanencia, Remanencia Magnética Isotermal y Experimentos de Lowrie. Los resultados obtenidos confirman una concentración mayor de magnetita en los niveles anómalos, presente en forma de agregados esferoidales, respecto a otros minerales magnéticos. Se estaría confirmando así una relación causal entre anomalías en las propiedades magnéticas, medidas en niveles someros, y la presencia de hidrocarburos causantes de un ambiente reductor que favorece la nucleación y recristalización de agregados esferoidales de magnetita autigénica, planteándose la potencialidad de este tipo de estudios como una herramienta para la exploración y posible evaluación de zonasprospectivas.