OBJECTIVE To evaluate the radiographic outcome of root canal treatment (RCT) in dogs and compare outcomes with those reported for a previous study performed at the same institution in 2002. ANIMALS 204 dogs representing 281 teeth that underwent RCT. PROCEDURES The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched to identify dogs that underwent RCT between 2001 and 2018. Only dogs that had undergone at least 1 radiographic recheck appointment a minimum of 50 days after RCT were included in the study. Dental radiographs were reviewed. Treatment was considered successful if the periapical periodontal ligament space was within reference limits and preexisting external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR), if present, had stabilized. Treatment was considered to show no evidence of failure (NEF) if preoperative EIRR had stabilized and any preoperative periapical lucency (PAL) remained the same or had decreased in size but had not completely resolved. Treatment was considered to have failed if EIRR or a PAL developed after RCT, if a preoperative PAL increased in size, or if preexisting EIRR progressed. RESULTS Follow-up time ranged from 52 to 3,245 days (mean, 437 days). RCT was classified as successful for 199 (71%) teeth, NEF for 71 (25%) teeth, and failed for 11 (4%) teeth. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results showed that almost 2 decades after RCT outcome in dogs was first evaluated, during which time numerous advances in dental materials and techniques had been made, the success rate of RCT was virtually unchanged.

OBJECTIVE To report the signalment, staging, surgical treatment, and survival time of juvenile dogs treated surgically for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION Twenty-five dogs, <2 years of age with OSCC treated with surgery. METHODS Cases were solicited from the Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology. Data retrieved included sex, breed, age, weight, clinical signs, tumor location, preoperative diagnostics and staging, histopathological diagnosis with margin evaluation, disease-free interval, and date and cause of death. A minimum follow-up time of 3 months was required for inclusion. RESULTS Eighteen dogs were <12 months of age, and seven were <24 months. Various breeds were represented, with a mean body weight of 22.3 ± 14.4 kg. No dogs had evidence of metastatic disease prior to surgery. All dogs underwent partial maxillectomy or mandibulectomy. Histological margins were complete in 24 dogs and incomplete in one. No dogs had evidence of metastatic disease or tumor recurrence. The median follow-up time was 1556 days (92 to 4234 days). All dogs were alive at the last follow-up except for one documented death, due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Median disease-specific survival time was not reached. CONCLUSION The prognosis after wide surgical excision of OSCC in juvenile dogs was excellent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OSCC in juvenile dogs can be effectively treated with surgery alone.

Development of gingival enlargement and periodontitis is described in a young dwarf mongoose. Repeated treatments resulted in gingival resection and histologic evaluation however gingival enlargement was ultimately responsive to extraction of associated teeth. In cases such as these, surgical extraction of teeth associated with severe recurrent gingival enlargement should be considered to avoid the stress and risk of repeated immobilizations.

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis is a frustrating disease to manage owing to its elusive etiopathogenesis and its subsequently suboptimal treatment options. Nevertheless, efforts to shed light on the disease over the past few decades have advanced the knowledge on its potential etiopathogenesis and the success rates of available treatment options. Further research is ongoing, with promising attempts to better understand and treat this, likely, multifactorial disease.

A 9-year-old 8.7-kg (19.1-lb) spayed female Jack Russell Terrier cross was referred to the dentistry and oral surgery service of a veterinary medical teaching hospital (VMTH) for evaluation of a mass that grossly spanned most of the right mandible. The client had noticed thickening of the area 4 months prior to the examination. At that time, the dog was treated by the primary care veterinarian with extraction of the right mandibular first and second molar teeth and was administered clindamycin hydrochloride (4.3 mg/kg [2 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 7 days. Approximately 2 weeks before examination at the VMTH, the dog was returned to the primary care veterinarian because of pronounced right mandibular swelling, decreased appetite, and signs of oral pain; radiography of the skull revealed an extensive lytic and proliferative process involving most of the right mandible and possibly the caudal aspect of the right zygomatic arch. Tramadol (2.9 mg/ kg [1.3 mg/lb], PO, q 8 to 12 h) was prescribed. A CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, thoracic radiography, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed at another referral clinic on the day prior to the visit to the VMTH. Hematologic results revealed lymphopenia (0.98 X 103 lymphocytes/μL; reference range, 1.05 X 103 lymphocytes/μL to 5.10 X 103 lymphocytes/μL) and hyperglobulinemia (6.5 g/dL; reference range, 2.5 to 4.5 g/dL); urinalysis results were unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination findings were unremarkable aside from chronic degenerative renal changes. Mild generalized cardiomegaly and a moderate diffuse bronchial pattern were detected on thoracic radiographs. Gabapentin (11.8 mg/kg [5.4 mg/lb], PO, q 8 to 12 h) and tramadol (at the previous dosage) were prescribed. On examination at the VMTH, the dog was bright, alert, and responsive with unremarkable general physical examination findings. Extraoral examination revealed facial asymmetry with moderate right temporal muscle atrophy and diffuse thickening of the ventral aspect of the right mandible with signs of discomfort on palpation. Intraoral examination revealed missing right mandibular first and second molar, right and left maxillary second premolar, and left mandibular second premolar teeth. Mobility of the right mandibular first to fourth premolar teeth and third molar tooth was detected. There was moderate generalized gingivitis and plaque and calculus accumulation (more pronounced on the right mandibular teeth than on the left mandibular teeth). The dog was anesthetized, and contiguous transverse 0.6-mm collimated CT images of the head and thorax with 3-D volume rendering were obtained before and after administration of contrast medium (iopamidol solution;a 850 mg of I/kg [386 mg of I/lb], IV). Unenhanced images were acquired with a bone reconstruction filter, and contrast-enhanced images were acquired with a soft tissue reconstruction filter. Images were viewed with bone (window width, 2,500 HU; window level, 480 HU) and soft tissue (window width, 350 HU; window level, 40 HU) settings. All digital images were evaluated on a medical-grade flat-screen monitor by use of commercially available software.b–d Representative CT images are shown (Figure 1).