The use of growth regulators (GRs) in a mechanized bench grafting system is essential for the final quality of grafted grapevine plants. In Brazil, the GRs used (commercial waxes) are imported, increasing the production cost for nurseries. This work aimed to test the in vitro callus co-cultivation technique as a strategy for prospecting effective doses and mixtures of GRs for in vivo graft union on grapevines. Two genotypes were used as scions ('Bordo' and 'Riesling Italico') and two as rootstocks ('SO4' and 'P1103'). Callus from different scion/rootstock combinations were co-cultivated, varying the doses (0.25 to 20 mg l(-1)) of auxins (DBA, IAA and IBA) and cytokinin (BAP), following the Doehlert design. The best in vitro treatments were validated in vivo, in plants grafted with an 'omega' cutter machine. Multivariate and non-parametric methods were applied to integrate the results. In vitro prospecting combined with the in vivo validation strategy allowed us to select effectively the IAA(2.50 mg l(-1)) plus BAP(1.00 mg l(-1)) formulation with the potential to induce graft callus union similar to commercial waxes. The induction intensity varied among the genetic combinations but was similar in the in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Elsinoë ampelina , the causal agent of grapevine anthracnose, infects all aerial parts of the plant, causing severe grapes production losses. Essential oils, as natural antifungal product, are amongst the most promising natural plant protection alternatives because they are recognized as safe substances and show high antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The present study aimed to determine Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil effect in vitro and in vivo against E. ampelina . The essential oil exhibited antifungal activity inhibiting mycelial growth and conidial germination at 0.15 and 1 µL mL −1 concentrations, respectively. Moreover, essential oil application in vivo reduced the disease incidence by 40% and severity by more than 60% in preventive treatment, and in curative treatment, the incidence was reduced by exceeding 30% and severity by more than 80%. The present results indicated that E. staigeriana essential oil could be a natural fungicidal product for controlling anthracnose caused by E. ampelina in grapevines.

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is the primary disease in viticulture worldwide, and your control requires synthetic fungicides applications to avoid quality and yield loss in the grapevines. However, alternatives to reduce synthetic fungicides are needed to ensure the consumer’s health and the environment. Essential oils (EOs) are amongst the most promising natural plant protection alternatives because of their antifungal properties on several crop diseases. The present study objective was to determine the effect of Eucalyptus staigeriana EO in vitro and in vivo against P. viticola. The EO exhibited the highest activity in vitro, inhibiting 90% of the incidence and severity of disease caused by P. viticola in leaves of grapevines in the greenhouse. In the field (in vivo), treatment with EO could not control the disease; however, treatment with EO in consortium with conventional treatment reduced approximately 50% of the incidence and more than 90% of the severity of downy mildew disease in leaves, decreasing the application of synthetic fungicides by 50%.

Esta publicacao apresenta o conjunto das principais acoes de manejo para cultivo da BRS Melodia em regioes de clima tropical semiarido, realizado em parceria com 12 empresas e produtores da regiao. Desenvolvida pelo Programa de Melhoramento Uvas do Brasil, para as regioes de clima temperado, a BRS Melodia chamou a atencao dos viticultores nordestinos pelo seu sabor especial de uva gourmet, o qual lembra uma mistura de frutas vermelhas. A uva tambem apresenta alta fertilidade de gemas, ausencia de sementes, textura firme, com cor das bagas rosada, mas que pode ficar vermelha apos a aplicacao de reguladores vegetais.

A filoxera-da-videira Daktulosphaira vitifoliae e um inseto que mede de 0,8 a 1,2 mm de comprimento, semelhante a um pulgao, que se alimenta de raizes de Vitis vinifera, e raizes e folhas de uvas americanas Vitis labrusca.

Decline and death of young vines is a worldwide problem for viticulture that may lead to economic loss. Fungal pathogens have been associated with trunk and root diseases, including the black foot disease that affects the performance of the vineyards. Fungicides have not worked efficiently to control the disease and alternative methods should be investigated. We evaluated the potential of Bacillus subtilis strain F62 for controlling the disease caused by different strains in grapevine rootstocks 1103P (Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris) and SO4 (V. berlandieri × V. riparia). The in vitro antagonism of B. subtilis F62 was evaluated on mycelial growth, by diffusible and volatile compounds, and conidia germination, by bacterial suspension and cell-free filtrate. In the in vivo assay, cuttings and micropropagated rootstocks were submitted to four different treatments: control, Bac (B. subtilis inoculation), Pat (pathogen inoculation) and Bac + Pat. According to our results, the bioagent was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of all the three fungal isolates by diffusible compounds and conidial germination by bacterial suspension and cell-free filtrate. In the in vivo assay, cuttings of SO4 treated with B. subtilis F62 showed higher shoot nodes and length of primary shoot, while cuttings of 1103P had a longer primary shoot. In micropropagated plants, B. subtilis F62 promoted plant growth in both rootstocks and reduced the frequency of D. macrodidyma re-isolation to 24.6% in SO4 and 29.5% in 1103P. The results demonstrated the potential of B. subtilis F62 on plant growth promotion and in the biocontrol of black foot disease on micropropagated plants and cuttings of grapevine rootstocks 1103P and SO4.

O momento de implantacao e decisivo para o sucesso de producao de um vinhedo, sendo indispensavel o uso de mudas com qualidade.

A fruticultura brasileira e responsavel por 16% dos empregos gerados pelo agronegocio nacional, sendo que, em media, sao geradas duas novas vagas a cada hectare cultivado com frutas (ANUARIO..., 2018). Quando se considera o volume total produzido, independente da finalidade, a uva esta incluida entre os seis produtos responsaveis por cerca de 70% do valor bruto da producao brasileira de frutas (ANUARIO..., 2018). No Brasil, a viticultura e praticada em uma grande extensao norte-sul, de cerca de 78.000 ha, incluindo regioes de clima temperado, subtropical e tropical. Sao exploradas cultivares que pertencem a especie Vitis vinifera, hibridos de V. labrusca, alem de hibridos complexos. Metade do volume total de uvas produzido no pais e destinada para o consumo in natura, sendo originada principalmente em regioes de clima subtropical e tropical, nos estados de Pernambuco, da Bahia, de Sao Paulo, Parana e de Minas Gerais, enquanto o segmento de uvas para processamento esta concentrado na regiao Sul do pais (MAIA et al., 2018).

A ‘BRS Bibiana’, que agora esta sendo disponibilizada para o setor vitivinicola gaucho, vem complementar o conjunto de cultivares brasileiras resistentes para a elaboracao de vinhos que remetem aos produtos elaborados com uvas europeias, dando continuidade a esta linha de trabalho, tradicionalmente desenvolvida pelo Programa “Uvas do Brasil”. A nova cultivar constitui uma alternativa de resistencia a podridao cinzenta e a podridao acida e com alto potencial glucometrico, para a elaboracao de vinhos brancos aromaticos.

ABSTRACT Grapevine production by classical grafting methods and in commercial scale emerged over 130 years. This system remained handmade until the mid-1950s, when the first international certification programs aimed at obtaining mother plants with high viral sanity emerged. The necessity to increase the scale of production on industrial model and plant material production based on minimum morphological standards appeared at the end of the 1960s. Along the 1970s, research unlocked knowledge on semi-automated grafting, process hygiene, use of plant growth regulators and understanding of physiological events of rootstock-scion compatibility, callus formation and rooting. So, until the mid-2000s, certification schemes and propagation processes advanced little in technical standard. However, grapevine growing areas were expanded and demands for plant material increased, and new diseases emerged from contaminated nurseries. These new diseases (new viral complexes, phytoplasmas, bacteria and grapevine trunk diseases) were discovered by high-sensitivity diagnostic methods. Today, there is a new discussion on the nursery segment worldwide. The propagation techniques have been reviewed from the perspective of reducing the incidence of new diseases and minimum physiological damage of nursery plants during the production stages. Therefore, technological innovations regarding equipment, practices and production inputs have been incorporated in new certification schemes. However, despite these advantages, these schemes have become more complex and multidisciplinary than previous ones, bringing difficulties in adaptation of nurserymen.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to prepare a prediction model for the phenology of grapevine cultivars (Bordô, Cabernet Sauvignon, Moscato Embrapa, Paulsen 1103, SO4, and IAC 572) using hot water treatment. The heat treatment with hot water consisted of combinations of three temperatures (50, 53, and 55°C) and three time periods (30, 45, and 60 min), with or without previous hydration for 30 min. After the treatments, the cuttings were planted in the field and their phenological development was evaluated during two months. The six studied cultivars presented different responses to the effects of the factors temperature and time, but did not differ significantly regarding hydration. It was possible to develop a mathematical model for the use of hot water treatment in grapevine cuttings, based on phenological development ( y phenology = 48.268 − 0.811 x 1 − 0.058 x 2) and validated by the variables sprouting and root emission. From the developed model, it is recommended that the hot water treatment be applied in the temperature range between 48 and 51°C for cuttings of all cultivars.

A identificacao correta de uma cultivar e essencial para sua propagacao e comercializacao. A utilizacao de ferramentas moleculares para analise genetica permite o apoio em acoes relacionadas ao repasse de material propagativo para o setor vitivinicola, a protecao de novas cultivares e a solucao de questoes de identidade genetica. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: (a) confirmar a identidade das cultivares BRS Carmem, BRS Cora, BRS Margot e BRS Violeta,visando distribuicao comercial;(b) confirmar a identidade de amostras identificadas como Goethe?, Bordo?, Italia?, Iona?, Portugal Taquarituba? e Libano? coletadas na regiao ou mantidas pelo Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Uva (BAG-Uva); e (c) definir o perfil genetico da Selecao 8? para apoiar o processo de protecao da nova cultivar .

O declinio e morte de videiras e um problema em nivel mundial e que vem se agravando tambem no Brasil. No Rio Grande do Sul, muitos vinhedos ja foram eliminados e renovados com mudas feitas na propria propriedade ou adquiridas em viveiros. No entanto, essas mudas apesar de aparente qualidade fisiologica e fitossanitaria, podem ser mais uma forma de dispersao desses fungos, visto que, sintomas da presenca dos fungos causadores de doencas de tronco podem nao ser perceptiveis externa e internamente na muda.

Nowadays the global viticulture scenario has being verifying high levels of an event known as ?young grapevine decline? related to various diseases, such as Esca, Petri and Black Foot. On the grapevine plant propagation, the process of callus formation is crucial to ensure protection against the infection of these fungus during the rooting process on the field. In the heated rooms, the formation of callus on the rootstock cuttings act like a preventive barrier against a possible infection by these fungus. The callusing process (called ?forcing?) is based on the usage of substrates for the maintenance of humidity of the cuttings and for providing optimum conditions of temperature and relative humidity in the dark chamber.

Roguing is a practice used to reduce the seed source of red rice escapes to control in Clearfield-rice areas. However, there is great difficulty in performing it in large and heavily infested rice fields. This objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the use of imazamox herbicide, applied in different rates and times, on plants of Clearfield-rice and red rice. Four experiments were conducted during the 2007/08 and 2008/09 growing seasons, in completely randomized block design and treatments arranged in factorial design, using three replications per treatment. The treatments had increasing rates of imazamox, application times and rice cultivars. The rice cultivars tested were IRGA 417, IRGA 422 CL, Avaxi CL and Puita INTA CL. The variables evaluated were the number of panicles m(-2), number of grains panicle(-1), spikelet sterility in rice and red rice; and, rice grain yield and its components. The imazamox reduced the seed production of red rice escapes in a simulated situation of commercial Clearfield-rice area. The greater percentage reductions were obtained when this herbicide was applied at final formation of the panicle or panicle exertion of the red rice plant escapes to control. The Puita INTA CL cultivar has high level of resistance to imazamox, independent of rate and application times tested, becoming the only alternative to the use of this practice.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar os efeitos da utilização de glyphosate e herbicidas imidazolinonas, em aplicações isoladas ou associadas, sobre o controle de arroz-vermelho (Oryza sativa) e produtividade de grãos de arroz Clearfield®. O experimento foi conduzido a campo na safra 2007/08, em Cachoeirinha, RS, Brasil, com delineamento em blocos ao acaso e tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial (2x6), usando-se quatro repetições. O fator A constou de dois níveis do herbicida glyphosate, aplicados no subperíodo semeadura-emergência da cultura por ocasião do início da emissão do coleóptilo do arroz (ponto de agulha); o fator B constou de seis tratamentos com imazethapyr+imazapic, aplicados em associação ao glyphosate ou quando a cultura atingiu o estádio de três folhas expandidas. As três variáveis explicativas analisadas foram a população de plantas de arroz e arroz-vermelho, a eficácia do controle de arroz-vermelho e a produtividade de grãos da cultura. O uso de glyphosate no ponto de agulha reduziu em 75% a população do arroz-vermelho e aumentou em 40% a produtividade de grãos de arroz, em relação à testemunha. O uso isolado de herbicidas imidazolinonas e sua associação com o dessecante proporcionou controle eficaz do arroz-vermelho e incrementou a produtividade de grãos, em comparação à situação sem controle da infestante, independente da dose e do sistema de aplicação.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of the utilization of glyphosate and imidazolinones herbicides, in isolated or associated applications, on the effectiveness of red rice (Oryza sativa) control and grain yield of Clearfield-rice. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in 2007/08, in Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a two-factorial design 2x6, with four replicates. The factor A was composed by two levels of glyphosate, applied during the subperiod between sowing and crop emergence at the early coleoptile stage of the rice plants; and the factor B consisted of six treatments with imazethapyr+imazapic, applied in association with glyphosate or when the rice crop plants had three expanded leaves. The crop and weed populations, red rice control and grain yield of crop were evaluated. The results show that the glyphosate application at the early coleoptile stage of the crop reduced 75% the red rice population and increased 40% the grain yield, in relation to the situation without weed control. The use of imidazolinones and their association with glyphosate provided effective control of red rice and increased the grain yield, independent of rates and application system.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar um modelo baseado no índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI), para a predição da variabilidade espacial da biomassa acumulada na parte aérea e da produtividade de grãos de trigo. Foram realizadas leituras georreferenciadas de NDVI e biomassa, no final do afilhamento, e produtividade. O modelo proposto permitiu relacionar classes de variabilidade espacial do NDVI e da biomassa, com 81% de correspondência entre elas. Entretanto, a relação entre as classes de variabilidade espacial da produtividade e do NDVI foi menor, com 48% de correspondência.

O padrão de afilhamento do arroz é afetado pela nutrição nitrogenada, no início do desenvolvimento das plantas, sendo determinado pelo número de afilhos emitidos e pelo sincronismo de desenvolvimento entre afilhos e colmo principal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a emissão e o sincronismo de desenvolvimento de afilhos com o colmo principal na cultivar de arroz IRGA 417, cultivada em solução nutritiva com concentrações de N (1, 5 e 10 mmol L-1) e proporções (100:0, 75:25, 50:50 e 25:75) entre as formas N-NH4+ : N-NO3- em cada concentração. Na concentração de 1 mmol L-1 a resposta foi similar entre as proporções N-NH4+: N-NO3-, para número de afilhos, sincronismo de desenvolvimento entre afilhos e colmo principal e para número de colmos potencialmente produtivos. Nesse caso, as plantas toleraram a presença do N-NH4+ independentemente da presença do N-NO3-. Em concentrações de N de 5 e 10 mmol L-1, a presença do N-NH4+ (100 e 75%) prejudicou essas características. A presença de N-NO3- (em pelo menos 50% do suprimento do N) inibiu o efeito prejudicial. Em concentrações mais elevadas de N, é necessária a presença do nitrato, em pelo menos 50% do total de N suprido para que não ocorra inibição na emissão e no sincronismo dos afilhos.