INTRODUCTION:Principles of management for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are mostly derived from knowledge of lower tract urothelial carcinoma (LTUC), however recent research indicates that these may be disparate diseases. In this review, we sought to compare the responsiveness of these tumors to similar treatment, platinum-based chemotherapy used in the adjuvant setting.MATERIALS AND METHODS:PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using a systematic search strategy. Disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with LTUC and UTUC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were compared. Review Manager V 5.3 was used for meta-analyses.RESULTS:Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved DFS (HR 0.41, 95%CI 0.31-0.54), CSS (HR 0.29, 95%CI 0.17-0.50) and OS (HR 0.51, 95%CI 0.38-0.70) rates in LTUC. The effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in UTUC was less pronounced with respect to DFS (HR 0.61, 95%CI 0.1-0.93) and CSS (HR 0.70, 95%CI 0.56-0.90) rates, and there was no effect on OS (HR 0.87, 95%CI 0.69-1.10). Differences in CSS and OS were significant (p < 0.0001) in favor of adjuvant chemotherapy for LTUC versus UTUC.CONCLUSION:Despite similar histology, we found significant differences in responsiveness to adjuvant chemotherapy between LTUC and UTUC. This may add to the already growing knowledge that these are disparate diseases. Newer systemic treatments for urothelial carcinoma may prove more effective than platinum-based chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting for UTUC.

Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify and examine the outcomes of prostate cancer patients classified as intermediate risk (IR) using the D'Amico risk classification system, specifically focusing on the influence of primary and secondary biopsy Gleason score (BGS). Patients and Methods: An institutional review board-approved database of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomies performed after 2006 was stratified by standard D'Amico criteria. IR patients were then sub-stratified by BGS. Pathologic and intermediate-term biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS) outcomes were analyzed. Results: Overall, 1,090 patients were classified as D'Amico low-risk, 896 as IR, and 240 as high-risk. Of the 896 IR patients, 63 had BGS 6, 630 were 3 + 4 = 7, and 203 4 + 3 = 7. Among IR patients, as the BGS increased, there was an increasing likelihood of extracapsular extension (21, 28, and 38%, respectively; p = 0.005), positive surgical margins (14, 26, 31%; p = 0.048), and worse 3-year BDFS (96, 94, 88%; p = 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression analyses confirmed differences among IR groups. Conclusion: D'Amico IR patients demonstrate significant heterogeneity in both pathologic outcomes and BDFS. IR patients with a BGS of 6 appear to have similar intermediate-term BDFS as low-risk patients. An increasing BGS from 3 + 3 to 3 + 4 to 4 + 3 results in a higher likelihood of locally-advanced disease and intermediate-term biochemical failure.

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Detection & Screening VII1 Apr 2017MP77-14 DIABETES MELLITUS, METFORMIN AND PROSTATE CANCER: RESULTS OF A PROSTATE CANCER DATABASE ANALYSIS Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Brittany Weissman, and David Samadi Seyed Behzad JazayeriSeyed Behzad Jazayeri More articles by this author , Brittany WeissmanBrittany Weissman More articles by this author , and David SamadiDavid Samadi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.2122AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Chemoprevention of prostate cancer has long been an interesting topic. Data have shown that Metformin is associated with lower prostate specific antigen levels. A recent study showed that Metformin can modify gene expression in prostate cancer cells. Literature is controversial on the role of metformin in prostate cancer prevention. This study was designed to assess relationship of diabetes mellitus and metformin with prostate cancer. METHODS A database of patients with prostate cancer was searched for patients with diabetes mellitus taking medications. Patients with diabetes mellitus prior to prostate cancer detection were detected. Data were imported into SPSS v. 21 for analysis. After primary analysis, patients taking metformin were compared to diabetic patients not taking metformin and non-diabetic patients. RESULTS Between March 2003 and October 2016, there were 3,645 patients in the database of which 228 (6.2%) were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus prior to the time of prostate cancer detection. In diabetic group, 139 patients were using metformin products prior to surgery. There were additional 35 patients who were taking metformin for other conditions rather than diabetes mellitus. A general comparison of characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the study is shown in table 1. Diabetic patients were more commonly black, had higher BMI, Higher D'Amico risk and higher American Society of Anesthesiologist risk classification (all p<0.05). There was no significant difference between diabetic patients taking metformin and diabetic patients on other treatment plans. Analysis of patients taking metformin with other patients (diabetic and non-diabetic) showed no significant difference in terms of prostate cancer characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus might impact the course of prostate cancer development. The results of the study does not support the protective effect of metformin on prostate cancers in diabetic or non-diabetic. © 2017FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 4SApril 2017Page: e1027 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017MetricsAuthor Information Seyed Behzad Jazayeri More articles by this author Brittany Weissman More articles by this author David Samadi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Background: Upgrading following prostate biopsy is very common in clinical practice. This study investigated whether the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (ARI) and alpha blockers affect known clinical predictors of Gleason score upgrading or not. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on 998 patients treated with robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for clinically localized biopsy Gleason score 6 prostate cancer were studied. The logarithm of prostate specific antigen concentration, prostate size and tumor volume were compared on the basis of the medication history of 5-ARIs and alpha blockers in the cohort of biopsy Gleason 6 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia history, and patients whose prostate sizes fall in the top quartile. We compared known clinical and pathologic characteristics associated with upgrading in regression models with and without the addition of medications. Results: Alpha blockers, but not 5-ARI were associated with a bigger prostate. Upgrading was associated with older age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06), higher BMI (OR 1.00 CI 1.01-1.08), higher log prostate specific antigen (OR 7.32, CI 3.546-15.52), smaller prostate size (OR 0.97, CI 0.96-0.98), fewer biopsy cores (OR 0.96 CI 0.92-0.99), more positive cores (OR 1.20, CI 1.08-1.34), and higher percentage of tumor at biopsy (OR 1.02, CI 1.01-1.03). Neither of the two medication classes were a significant predictor of upgrading. Medications made minimal changes in the multivariate predictive models. Conclusion: Although, alpha blockers were associate with bigger prostate size, the modulating effects of alpha blockers and 5-ARIs on common predictors of Gleason score upgrading was not significant.

BACKGROUND Functional and oncologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy play a major role in patient satisfaction after treatment. This study was designed to assess the functional and oncologic outcome after robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in a single surgeon series of patients. METHODS A prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy in a referral academic center was queried for functional and oncologic outcome. Patients undergoing RARP between 2010 and 2013 were included. Analysis was performed with SPSS and SAS, χ2, Mann-Whitney and t-test were used when appropriate. RESULTS Overall, 566 patients were included in the analysis. The Trifecta and Pentafecta was 73.9% and 64.1%, respectively. Patients achieving Pentafecta were younger (P<0.001), had lower PSA level (P=0.04), lower Biopsy Gleason (P<0.01), lower risk prostate cancer (P<0.01) and fewer comorbidities (P=0.03). The patients were followed up for a median of 27.4 months in Trifecta and 20.6 months in Pentafecta group. At 12-month follow-up the continence and potency rate was 90.6% and 84.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although preoperative counseling for RARP surgery using Pentafecta criteria offers more precise information and reasonable expectations than using the Trifecta, further research is required to prepare a standard reporting outline.

Purpose: The potential effects of statins on clinical and histopathologic variables, prostate size, or PSA density (PSAD) and resulting influences on active surveillance eligibility have not been adequately explored. This study examines the effect of statins on prostate specimens following prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: Patients that received robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) (n = 2,632) were dichotomized according to preoperative statin use. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between statin use and patient clinical and pathological characteristics.Results: Men using statins at the time of prostatectomy were older (61.6 +/- 6.4 versus 58.8 +/- 7.2 years, P < .001), and had poorer health status (P < .001). Biopsy Gleason grade, clinical stage and prostate size were similar among the two groups, although statin users had lower diagnostic PSA levels (5.5 +/- 3.6 versus 6.3 +/- 4.9 ng/mL, P < .001) and PSAD (.12 versus.13, P = .001).Conclusion: Men taking statins at the time of prostatectomy had similar histopathologic characteristics to non-users, despite having significantly lower serum PSA, being older and having similar sized prostates. This supports prior studies suggesting a PSA reduction effect of statins may warrant consideration of statin usage in decision algorithms for active surveillance.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Men are diagnosed at early stages of prostate cancer with the use of prostate specific antigen. Surgical removal of the prostate is the standard treatment in localized prostate cancer. Complications after surgical procedures are inevitable. Although robotic prostatectomy has resulted in decreased complications compared to open surgery, complications occur. After an uneventful robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in a 71-year-old gentleman, with history of chronic cough and continued low dose glucocorticoid use, the patient returned to hospital with complain of a tender abdominal mass in right lower quadrant. After performing a computed tomography of the contrast, a Spigelian type trocar hernia was noted. The patient underwent a laparoscopic diagnostic surgery followed by small bowel resection and abdominal wall defect repair. The patient was discharged home with no other complains.

Background: To define the pathologic and functional outcomes of men 50 years of age and younger with prostate cancer in a contemporary robotic cohort, this study was designed.Methods: Patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy from April 2002 to April 2012 (n = 2,495) formed the base population for the current analyses. The patients were dichotomized according to their age <= 50 (n = 271) and > 50-year-old (n = 2,224). Clinicopathological and health-related quality-of-life outcomes were recorded and analyzed for differences. Propensity score matching was used when assessing urinary and sexual function outcome.Results: Baseline prostate-specific antigen and clinical stage were similar between men older than 50 years and those younger. Younger patients had less severe disease (D'Amico risk and Gleason scores) and smaller prostates. Young men had higher rates of erectile function at all time points, including baseline (94% vs. 83% at 12 mo, P < 0.01). Continence was similar at all time points except for 6 months, where younger patients experienced a faster return than older patients and then remained constant, while older patients continued to improve (96% vs. 89%, P < 0.01). After matching process, the difference in erectile function at 6-month follow-up was lost.Conclusion: Most men aged 50 years and younger who received robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy had clinically significant prostate cancer. Although histopathologic and short-term oncologic outcomes were nearly identical when compared to older patients, younger men had a more rapid and superior return of erectile function. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVE To assess patients' perceived causes of prostate cancer (PCa) and relation to treatment satisfaction, an Internet-based survey study was designed. PCa is a profoundly personal disease, considering the location and common sequelae of treatment. Deeply held patient self-perceptions regarding the etiology of a patient's PCa may generate lasting beliefs that impact satisfaction with treatment selection.MATERIALS AND METHODS Third-party web-based surveys were sent to patients receiving radical prostatectomy for clinically localized PCa. Patients were queried regarding demographic characteristics, family history, socioeconomic status, sexual function, urinary control, and factors believed to cause their PCa.RESULTS Among respondents (293 of 524, 55.9%), 237 (81.5%) provided primary causes for PCa. Evidence-based answers were provided by 128 (53.5%) patients, whereas a wide range of non-evidencebased responses were provided by 49 (20.5%) patients. Forty patients (16.7%) were undecided, and 20 (8.3%) offered belief-based responses. Evidence-based responses were more common in patients with a family history of PCa (P <. 01); however, no significant differences were seen among race, educational level, or income. Patients providing an evidence-based cause of PCa were more likely to be potent (P <. 01). Providing a non-evidence-based cause for PCa was associated with considering surgery as a wrong decision in treatment selection.CONCLUSION Among men with localized PCa, there is a wide spectrum of patient beliefs regarding the etiology of their disease that may reflect background and information sources. Further research is warranted to determine whether patient counseling should incorporate these considerations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Background. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men. As new focal therapies become more popular in treatment of prostate cancer, failure cases requiring salvage therapy with either surgical or other techniques are being reported. Objective. To report the options in treatment of prostate cancer after recurrence or failure of the primary treatment modality. Methods. We report a salvage robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) for prostate cancer recurrence following high intensity focused ultrasound treatment (HIFU) in the United States. Results. A 67-year-old man who underwent HIFU treatment for prostate adenocarcinoma 2 years prior was presented with a rising prostate specific antigen of 6.1 ng/mL to our clinic. A biopsy proven recurrent disease in the area of previous treatment documented the failure of treatment. The patient elected to undergo a salvage RALP. The operation time was 159 minutes. The patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 1 with no complications. The catheter was removed on post-op day 10. The patient reserved sexual function and urinary continence. The PSA levels on 6 months' follow-up are undetectable. Conclusions. Salvage RALP is an effective and safe treatment choice for recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma following failed HIFU treatment if operated by an experienced surgeon.

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation/Cystic Disease of the Genitourinary Tract: Prostate & Genitalia II1 Apr 2016MP36-08 HIGH INCIDENCE OF OCCULT POSITIVE URINE CULTURES AT TIME OF TURP: OUR EXPERIENCE IN 100 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS Nitin Sharma, Yaniv Larish, Leon Telis, and David Samadi Nitin SharmaNitin Sharma More articles by this author , Yaniv LarishYaniv Larish More articles by this author , Leon TelisLeon Telis More articles by this author , and David SamadiDavid Samadi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.1642AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Severe infectious complications have been reported to occur in less than 3% of patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). These complications are likely related to bacteriuria at time of resection. We sought to evaluate the dynamic microbial environment during the course of a TURP. METHODS We prospectively collected bladder urine cultures on 100 consecutive patients undergoing bipolar TURP at a single institution. Urine cultures were taken intraoperatively at 3 different time points: at time of initial scope insertion and prior to tissue resection (pre-TURP), after resection of one prostate lobe (mid-TURP), and following complete resection (post-TURP). A single prostate chip was also submitted for tissue culture. Antibiotic prophylaxis included weight-based gentamicin and ampicillin for all patients unless a penicillin allergy existed, in which case clindamycin was given. Intraoperative urine and specimen cultures were later compared to preoperative office urine cultures obtained from all patients. RESULTS 86/100 patients had negative preoperative office urine cultures. Of these 86 patients, 17 (20%) were found to have positive urine cultures intraoperatively. 14/17 (82%) had positive cultures prior to resection (pre-TURP) and 3 (18%) were found to have positive cultures during the course of resection: either mid-TURP, post-TURP, or within the prostate tissue specimen. For patients with positive pre-TURP urine cultures, gram-positive organisms were identified in 9 (64%) patients and gram-negative organisms were identified in 5 (36%) patients. Positive urine cultures persisted throughout resection in 33% of patients with gram-positive cultures and 80% of patients with gram-negative cultures. Only one patient with negative preoperative office urine cultures developed severe infection following TURP and was later found to have urine cultures positive for Escherichia coli resistant to both antibiotics given prophylactically. CONCLUSIONS Despite negative office urine cultures obtained prior to surgery, a significant amount of patients (20%) were found to have positive urine cultures during time of TURP. Culture positivity in these cases may be related to manipulation of the prostate at time of surgery, with or without resection. In nearly all cases, patients did not develop any clinical sequelae from these incidences of bacteriuria--a finding that is likely the result of antibiotic prophylaxis. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e492 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information Nitin Sharma More articles by this author Yaniv Larish More articles by this author Leon Telis More articles by this author David Samadi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

The natural history and optimal management strategy for men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and prostate cancer remain to be definitively characterized. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HIV-seropositive men treated with robotic-assisted radical laparoscopic prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. After Institutional Review Board approval, a prospective database of 2175 operative cases of clinically localized prostate adenocarcinoma was reviewed. Thirteen patients were identified as HIV-positive. Tumor characteristics, operative outcomes, postoperative outcomes, histology (Gleason score), local invasion, biochemical recurrence, and surgical complications were compared with HIV-negative patients. There were no preoperative demographic differences between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. HIV-positive patients had higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels at time of diagnosis which was not statistically significant. However, HIV-positive patients had higher D’Amico risk assessment (p < 0.05). There was no postoperative complication. HIV-positive patients treated with robotic prostatectomy had similarly favorable perioperative and short-term biochemical recurrence-free survival outcomes. Our findings show that minimally invasive prostatectomy can be safely considered as a therapeutic option in otherwise eligible HIV-positive patients with clinically significant prostate cancer. Further research is necessary to outline a diagnostic and treatment guideline for HIV-positive men in detection and treatment of prostate cancer.

AimsThis study was designed to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.MethodsIn a single surgeon series, 938 patients underwent robotic prostatectomy and completed International Prostate Symptom Score surveys at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Patients preoperative LUTS were categorized as mild, moderate, or severe according to the original International Prostate Symptom Score validation. Patient demographics, in addition to clinical and pathologic outcomes were obtained from an Institutional Review Board‐approved database.ResultsPreoperatively, 55.8% of patients presented with mild, 36.4% with moderate, and 7.8% with severe LUTS. Increased prostate size trended with increased LUTS severity (P < 0.001). Patients who had severe preoperative LUTS witnessed a 57% reduction in International Prostate Symptom Score (from 24.1 to 10.7, P < 0.001). Men with moderate preoperative LUTS also witnessed a significant decrease in postoperative LUTS (from 12.1 to 8.3, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe majority of patients with moderate or severe LUTS improved significantly following robotic prostatectomy, with the largest improvements seen in the severe group. Prostate cancer patients with severe LUTS should be counseled on the beneficial role of robotic prostatectomy in an effort to improve their voiding dysfunction and as a viable cancer treatment.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide and in the USA. Most prostate cancer progression either locally invades to seminal vesicles or metastasizes distally to bone. Skin is not a common site of metastasis for the majority of malignancies including prostate cancer. This paper reports two extremely rare cases of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the skin: a 74-year-old man previously treated with radiation for prostate cancer with cutaneous metastases to the shoulder and a 68-year-old man with prostate adenocarcinoma and cutaneous metastases to the groin. Both patients were diagnosed with skin punch biopsy and later confirmed with immunohistochemical staining for PSA and prostate specific acid phosphatase, specific for prostatic carcinoma. Although unusual, development of multiple skin lesions in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma should raise the flags of cutaneous metastases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether tumours at threshold values for detection on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent clinically significant tumours or not, and therefore the utility of MRI in active surveillance (AS) protocols.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a single institution database was performed after Institutional Review Board approval. Between 2010 and 2013, 1633 patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) at a single institution by a single surgeon. Of these, 1361 had complete clinical data and were included in analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess histopathological grade compared to tumour size whilst controlling for biopsy Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen level, body mass index, race, and age.RESULTS: Of 120 tumours < 5 mm in size, four were Gleason score 4 + 3. Of 276 tumours of 5-10 mm, 22 (8.1%) were Gleason score 4 + 3 and one (0.2%) was Gleason score 8. On multivariate regression analyses, tumours of < 5 mm were much less likely to be high grade (Gleason score > 3 + 4) at RALP compared to larger tumours (3.3% vs 25.1%, P < 0.001), or Gleason score >= 8 (0.0% vs 7.6%, P < 0.001). Size was further shown to significantly correlate with grade on multivariate regression (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Prostate tumours below the detection threshold for MRI (5 mm) most probably represent clinically insignificant tumours, which alone would not necessitate leaving AS in favour of more aggressive therapy. These findings point to a possible role of MRI in modern AS protocols.(C) 2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Arab Association of Urology.

Abstract To properly assess men and women with sexual dysfunction, evaluators should take a biopsychosocial approach that may require consultation with multiple health care professionals from various fields in order to get to the root of the sexual dysfunction; this multidisciplinary methodology offers the best chance of successful treatment. For males, this article focuses on erectile dysfunction (ED) and hypogonadism. The initial evaluation of ED involves a thorough case history, preferably taken from the patient and partner, physical examination, and proper laboratory and diagnostic tests, including an acknowledgment of the subjective complaint. The diagnosis is established on the basis of an individual's report of the consistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. Initial workups for ED should entail a detailed history that can be obtained from a validated questionnaire such as the International Index of Erectile Function and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men. Hypogonadism is evaluated using the validated Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaire and laboratory testing for testosterone deficiency. Treatments logically can begin with the least invasive and then progress to more invasive strategies after appropriate counseling. The last and most important treatment component when caring for men with sexual dysfunction—and, arguably, the least practiced—is close follow-up.

Operative management of prostate cancer in a patient who has undergone previous open suprapubic simple prostatectomy poses a unique surgical challenge. Herein, we describe a case of intermediate risk prostate cancer in a man who had undergone simple prostatectomy ten years prior to presentation. The patient was found to have Gleason 7 prostate cancer on MRI fusion biopsy of the prostate for elevated PSA and underwent an uncomplicated robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

International Journal of UrologyVolume 24, Issue 3 p. 236-237 Urological Note Prostate cancer in African Americans: Early oncological and functional outcomes after robotic prostatectomy Seyed Behzad Jazayeri M.D., Seyed Behzad Jazayeri M.D. Department of Urology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York, USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid B Samadi M.D., David B Samadi M.D. robotmd@yahoo.com Department of Urology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York, USASearch for more papers by this author Seyed Behzad Jazayeri M.D., Seyed Behzad Jazayeri M.D. Department of Urology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York, USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid B Samadi M.D., David B Samadi M.D. robotmd@yahoo.com Department of Urology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 November 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13255Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume24, Issue3March 2017Pages 236-237 RelatedInformation