(2008). Annapolis: Will It Bear Fruit? Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 7-12.

(2008). Remembering Genocide in Rwanda. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 125-125.

We describe a neonate who presented with multiple severe malformations including polyorchidism. To our knowledge this is the second case reported with ipsilateral testes located intra-abdominally. Chromosomal studies in cases of polyorchidism have been reported previously only once and the patient exhibited a normal karyotype. Our patient had a chromosome 21 long arm deletion. Interestingly, a trisomy 21 patient has been reported with agonadism. We suggest that genes on chromosome 21 may have some role in gonadal development.

A total of 25 patients with a long urethral stricture involving the bulbomembranoprostatic urethra underwent excision of the afflicted region via the perineal approach with end-to-end anastomosis. Liberation of the distal urethra provided sufficient length for anastomosis without tension of the healthy urethra. Satisfactory results were obtained in 23 of the 25 patients without any functional disturbance of sphincter control.

Strenuous exercise makes extraordinary demands. The transition from rest to intensive physical activity can cause pathological changes in various organs, particularly in the urinary tract. Hematuria (microscopic or macroscopic) is one of the abnormalities commonly found after sports activity. This phenomenon can occur in noncontact sports (such as rowing, running and swimming) as well as in contact sports (boxing, football and so forth). The pathophysiology can be either traumatic or nontraumatic. Renal trauma and/or bladder injury due to repeated impact of the posterior bladder wall against the bladder base can cause vascular lesions and consequently hematuria. There are 2 mechanisms of nontraumatic injury. 1) Vasoconstriction of the splanchnic and renal vessels occurs during exercise in order that blood can be redistributed to the contracting skeletal muscles, thus causing hypoxic damage to the nephron. This results in increased glomerular permeability which would favor increased excretion of erythrocytes and protein into the urine. 2) A relatively more marked constriction of the efferent glomerular arterioli results in an increased filtration pressure, which favors increased excretion of protein and red blood cells into the urine. It must be noted that sports hematuria differs from other conditions that may cause reddish discoloration of the urine due to physical exercise, such as march hemoglobinuria and exercise myoglobinuria. In the latter 2 abnormalities there is excretion of hemoglobin and myoglobin molecules in the urine and not whole blood or intact red blood cells. Sports hematuria usually has a benign self-limited course. However, coexisting urinary tract pathological conditions should be excluded carefully.

Inguinal hernia and an enlarged prostate causing urinary obstruction are 2 disorders with a higher frequency among elderly patients. The anatomical proximity of an inguinal hernia to the enlarged prostate raises the possibility of joint, concurrent surgical treatment of both disorders. We report on the successful preperitoneal repair via a Pfannenstiel incision of 131 inguinal hernias in 97 patients who had undergone retropubic prostatectomy owing to benign enlargement of the prostate.

En raison des objectifs du Fatah et de l'OLP, l'attitude d'Israël face au terrorisme est différente de celle des autres pays. Israël estime que le terrorisme est une partie intégrante d'une guerre générale dirigée contre son existence en tant qu'Etat. Les mesures antiterroristes israéliennes se décomposent en trois éléments. Le premier, essentiel, est l'importance de la recherche et de l'utilisation du renseignement. Le deuxième est l'offensive visant à affaiblir la « force de frappe » des terroristes. Enfin le troisième, d'ordre défen-sif, est la prévention des attentats et la quasi-imperméabilité des frontières terrestres, maritimes et aériennes. Mais ces mesures ne sont efficaces que dans le cadre d'une coopération internationale, que les Israéliens considèrent insuffisante, de même que la politique menée contre les Etats qui soutiennent les mouvements terroristes.

British Journal of UrologyVolume 58, Issue 1 p. 104-105 Non-specific Segmental Ureteritis D. KIMCHE, Corresponding Author D. KIMCHE Department of Urology, Hasharon Hospital. Petah Tiqva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University. Israel2 Department of Urology, Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tiqva, IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorD. LASK, D. LASK Department of Urology, Hasharon Hospital. Petah Tiqva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University. IsraelSearch for more papers by this author D. KIMCHE, Corresponding Author D. KIMCHE Department of Urology, Hasharon Hospital. Petah Tiqva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University. Israel2 Department of Urology, Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tiqva, IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorD. LASK, D. LASK Department of Urology, Hasharon Hospital. Petah Tiqva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University. IsraelSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1986.tb05442.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume58, Issue1February 1986Pages 104-105 RelatedInformation

A patient with hypernephroma presented with signs of liver dysfunction. Liver biopsy disclosed the presence of granulomas. Extensive search for a known cause of hepatic granulomas was negative. The presence of granulomas in lymph nodes draining the neoplasm, the improvement of liver dysfunction after nephrectomy, and its aggravation preceding overt metastatic manifestation support the existence of a cause and effect relationship between the renal cell carcinoma and the liver granulomatous disease.

Two cases of hypercalcemia associated with transitional cell carcinoma and negative bone scan are described. In both cases hypercalcemia appeared while there was evidence of tumor spread. Although hypercalcemia was controlled, both patients died shortly thereafter. Hypercalcemia rarely occurs in transitional cell carcinoma and its appearance may suggest spreading of the tumor and poor prognosis.

Urodynamic evaluation was performed on 80 patients with urological disorders identified as benign prostatic hypertrophy whose main complaints ranged from irritation to urine loss owing to urgency. Detrusor hyperreflexia was detected in 40 patients, of whom 24 were operated on either by the transurethral or the retropubic approach. At repeat urodynamic evaluation about 1 year postoperatively function had returned to normal in 14 patients and the hyperreflexia persisted in 10. The preoperative evoked response in these latter 10 patients was less than 60 msec. It is possible that apart from the diagnosis of detrusor hyperreflexia by cystometric examination in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy an abbreviated evoked response could indicate deterioration in neural function with or without an accompanying neurological disease. If this is the cause of detrusor hyperreflexia then prostatectomy will not ameliorate the condition but can only subject the patient to the risk of urine loss.

Congenital polyp of the urethra is a rare cause of urine retention in male patients. Diagnosis is made via cystourethrography and is confirmed by transurethral biopsy. Although the recent literature contains several reports on the use of transurethral resection the preferred surgical procedure yielding the best results is transvesical excision of the polyp.

A total of 100 female patients with putative urinary stress incontinence (USI) were surveyed by us. Of these, 27 patients with genuine USI underwent urologic, uroradiologic and urodynamic evaluations before and after their corrective surgery by the technique of Burch. The results of the surgery were assessed clinically and subjectively and compared to the data obtained from postoperative urodynamic analysis. The operation affected significantly the urethral closure pressure and the posterior angle between the urethra and the base of the bladder, bringing about marked clinical improvement in most of the patients. Thus 89.5% of operated patients were cured, while elevated urethral closure pressure was proven in the majority of cases and radiologic examinations showed correction of the anatomic fault in 82% of the women undergoing surgery. Correct diagnosis is the most important antecedent of treatment in female urinary stress incontinence. Any surgical approach which affixes the neck of the bladder and the posterior part of the urethra to a stable support is sufficient to effect correction of the condition, provided the incontinence stems from a weakness in the closure mechanism of the urethra and not from some other cause.

A case is reported in which the value of early angiography in the management of post-renal biopsy hematuria is exemplified. The decision of whether treatment should be conservative or surgical is based on the precise anatomical delineation of the cause of hematuria and the chances of spontaneous remission. When necessary an operation guided by the angiogram can be limited to partial resection of the lesion-bearing region.

The reopening of the Red Sea to European ships in the second half of the eighteenth century was an event of considerable importance both to the countries bordering that sea and to the European maritime and commercial powers. But, as in the case of so many such events in history, this significant development came about largely as a result of intrigue, of greed, of rivalry between the great European powers of the day. The Sharif of Mecca, the Beys of Egypt, the Porte-all these were involved. But pride of place in the drama which led to the opening of the port of Suez to European ships goes to the French and British merchants, hard, thrusting men of the East India Company, the Levant Company and the Compagnie d'Orient et des Indes who were ever on the lookout for new avenues of commerce, for easier and greater profits. It is these men who eventually broke the Ottoman firman forbidding 'Frankish' vessels to sail the Red Sea, and thus opened up that part of the world to European interests and influence. Ever since the Ottomans had conquered Egypt and Arabia in the beginning of the sixteenth century, Christian vessels were not allowed to sail beyond Mokha, because of the sanctity of the Muslim land to the east of the Red Sea. This decree, however, was allowed partially to lapse and Frankish ships, in particular those of the British East India Company, began bringing Indian wares to Jidda as from the middle of the seventeenth century. The Sharif of Mecca had found the contravention of the Porte's firman to be profitable, and the revenue which this trade brought into his coffers formed an ever-increasing proportion of his income. The firman, therefore, was tacitly modified to forbid the sailing of any Frankish vessel north of Jidda. The Porte and the Sharif of Mecca once more reiterated that such an act would sully the holiness of Mecca and Madina-though no port was nearer to either of these holy cities than Jidda itself, where the 'infidel Franks' were allowed. While the main reason for the Sultan's firm stand on this decree was one of security (the same reason which underlay his efforts to keep the Black Sea closed to Christian shipping), economic reasons played a great part, for it was realized only too well in Constantinople that it would be much easier for the Porte to obtain a fat share in the revenues of the Sharif of Mecca than from those of the increasingly independent Beys of Egypt. But the Europeans, and in particular the French, had for long entertained the prospect of opening up the Red Sea route to India and the Far East. The idea of the Suez Canal had been envisaged already by Richelieu, while Nointel, in the late sixteenth century, had been instructed to negotiate a treaty with the Porte which would open the Red Sea to French ships. Nointel had failed, but the French did not forget their projects.

Since routine prostatectomy, whatever procedure is used, brings in its wake a certain percentage of operative, post-operative and long-term morbidity, we have tried to devise an approach which will minimize these complications. We think that open-field surgery gives better results at operation and during convalescence. In order to reduce the late complications of vesical neck obstruction we find it necessary to complete the operation with a vesical neck plasty. 400 unselected consecutive cases were reviewed, among which were simple hypertrophy, fibrotic inflamed prostatic glands, and a high percentage of patients who had long-standing hypertrophy complicated by diverticula, stones, and indwelling catheters. All patients were re-evaluated one year after operation by urinalysis, urine culture, pan-endo-cystoscopy, intra-venous pyelography and cysto-urethrography. The results show minimal post-operative complications and complaints.