A review of multibeam echo sounder (MBES) survey data from five locations around the United Kingdom northwest coast has led to the identification of a total of 14 separate subaqueous mass movement scars and deposits within the fjords (sea lochs) and coastal inlets of mainland Scotland, and the channels between the islands of the Inner Hebrides. In these areas, Quaternary sediment deposition was dominated by glacial and glaciomarine processes. Analysis of the morphometric parameters of each submarine mass movement has revealed that they fall into four distinct groups of subaqueous landslides; Singular Slumps, Singular Translational, Multiple Single-Type, and Complex (translational & rotational) failures. The Singular Slump Group includes discrete, individual subaqueous slumps that exhibit no evidence of modification through the merging of several scars. The Singular Translational Group comprise a single slide that displays characteristics associated with a single translational (planar) failure with no merging of multiple events. The Multiple Single-Type Group incorporates scars and deposits that displayed morphometric features consistent with the amalgamation of several failure events of the same type (e.g. debris flows or slumps). Finally, the Complex (translational & rotational) Group comprises landslides that exhibited complex styles of failures, including both translational and rotational mechanisms controlling the same slide. The submarine mass movements that comprise this dataset are then discussed in relation to global fjordic and glaciomarine nearshore settings, and slope failure trigger mechanisms associated with these environments are described with tentative links to individual submarine landslides from the database, where appropriate. It is acknowledged that additional MBES data are needed not only to expand this database, but also in order to create a more statistically robust study. However, this initial study provides the basis for a much wider investigation of subaqueous mass movements and correlations between their morphometric parameters.

Along the terrestrial margin of the southern North Sea, previous studies of the MIS 2 glaciation impacting eastern Britain have played a significant role in the development of principles relating to ice sheet dynamics (e.g. deformable beds), and the practice of reconstructing the style, timing, and spatial configuration of palaeo similar to ice sheets. These detailed terrestrially-based findings have however relied on observations made from only the outer edges of the former ice mass, as the North Sea Lobe (NSL) of the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) occupied an area that is now almost entirely submarine (c.21-15 ka). Compounded by the fact that marine-acquired data have been primarily of insufficient quality and density, the configuration and behaviour of the last BIIS in the southern North Sea remains surprisingly poorly constrained.This paper presents analysis of a new, integrated set of extensive seabed geomorphological and seismostratigraphic observations that both advances the principles developed previously onshore (e.g. multiple advance and retreat cycles), and provides a more detailed and accurate reconstruction of the BIIS at its southern-most extent in the North Sea. A new bathymetry compilation of the region reveals a series of broad sedimentary wedges and associated moraines that represent several terminal positions of the NSL. These former still-stand ice margins (1-4) are also found to relate to newly-identified architectural patterns (shallow stacked sedimentary wedges) in the region's seismic stratigraphy (previously mapped singularly as the Bolders Bank Formation). With ground-truthing constraint provided by sediment cores, these wedges are interpreted as sub-marginal till wedges, formed by complex subglacial accretionary processes that resulted in till thickening towards the former ice-sheet margins. The newly sub-divided shallow seismic stratigraphy (at least five units) also provides an indication of the relative event chronology of the NSL. While there is a general record of south-to-north retreat, seismic data also indicate episodes of ice sheet re-advance suggestive of an oscillating margin (e.g. MIS 2 maximum not related to first incursion of ice into region). Demonstrating further landform interdependence, geographically-grouped sets of tunnel valleys are shown to be genetically related to these individual ice margins, providing clear insight into how meltwater drainage was organised at the evolving termini of this dynamic ice lobe. The newly reconstructed offshore ice margins are found to be well correlated with previously observed terrestrial limits in Lincolnshire and E. Yorkshire (Holderness) (e.g. MIS 2 maximum and Withernsea Till). This reconstruction will hopefully provide a useful framework for studies targeting the climatic, mass-balance, and external glaciological factors (i.e. Fennoscandian Ice Sheet) that influenced late-stage advance and deglaciation, important for accurately characterising both modern and palaeo-ice sheets. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

(1) School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK, (2) Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK, (3) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maine, Orono ME 04469-5711, USA, (4) School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland, (5) British Geological Survey, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA, UK, (6) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, K1N 6N5, Canada, (7) Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin 4, Ireland

Carbon capture, transport and storage (CCS) is a rapidly growing industry that offers both environmental benefits and substantial business, employment and research opportunities for Scotland and the UK. In 20091 the report Opportunities for CO2 storage around Scotland identified the size of these opportunities and key initiatives that need to be acted upon to move CCS forward in Scotland. Government, industry and stakeholder organisations joined with Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage (SCCS) researchers in this Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage Development Study to progress some of the actions needed to inform the deployment of the entire CCS chain in Scotland andthe UK. The study presents new insights on:• A path to CCS, defining the activities and timescales to meet national and international ambitions for deployment of CCS and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions;• Scotland's CO2 storage assets, refining the estimated large-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) storage capacity in North Sea sandstones;• Skills and capacity needs for the future global CCS industry and how to realise opportunities it presents for UK economic development;• Public communication and engagement on CCS.A Path to Deployable CCS technologies was explored and mapped out by the study members in July 2009, prior to the commencement of the study. The path presents their view of the timescales and activities needed to implement CCS in Scotland which, adopted together with other low-carbon technologies, will contribute to the national target of 80% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This path has been adopted by the Scottish Government and Scottish Enterprise and has informed their document 'Carbon Capture and Storage - a Roadmap for Scotland' in 2010.

I004 The Results of the Western Frontiers Association Research Project D. Long* (British Geological Survey) J. Bulat (British Geological Survey) R. Gatliff (British Geological Survey) R. Holmes (British Geological Survey) A. Leslie (British Geological Survey) D. McInroy (British Geological Survey) D. Ritchie (British Geological Survey) A. Stevenson (British Geological Survey) H. Stewart (British Geological Survey) M. Stoker (British Geological Survey) & C. Wilson (British Geological Survey) SUMMARY EAGE 69 th Conference & Exhibition — London UK 11 - 14 June 2007 In 1995 most of the operators with interests west of Shetland joined with the British Geological Survey and the

In this study, an updated distribution of Lophelia pertusa between the Porcupine Seabight and Norwegian shelf is presented. It seems unlikely that enigmatic mound structures observed at water depths of more than 570 m during acoustic seabed surveys, particularly to the west of the Shetland Islands, are related to the occurrence of L. pertusa. At these depths in the Faroe–Shetland Channel, the predominant influence of cold Arctic water precludes its growth. Iceberg dumpsites are also considered unlikely explanations for the origin of these mounds, and they are interpreted as most likely to be related to the release of fluids at the seabed. When mound structures were investigated, no scleractinian corals were recovered at water depths >500 m. This study shows the importance of seabed temperature as an environmental control on cold-water coral distribution. The significance of cold-water coral habitats in sustaining high levels of local-scale biodiversity is now becoming apparent in parallel with increased hydrocarbon extraction and fishing activity beyond the shelf edge. There is growing evidence that these areas have been marked by the passage of deep-water trawls. It seems likely that trawling activity has already reduced the extent of cold-water coral distribution in this region of the north-east Atlantic.

SIRS Flinn's painstaking work on the history of glaciation in Shetland has led him to the conclusion that, though unexpected, there was an ice front close offshore from Yell and across or just offshore from the northern tip of Unst at the Weichselian glacial m a x i m u m (Flinn 1983). This conclusion can be supported by evidence from borehole and sea bed samples collected by BGS in their 1:250,000 Regional mapping p rog ramme of the area. Inshore, to the west and east of Shetland, till deposits are present at the sea bed and can be mapped for some 75 k m offshore to the east (Fig. 1) forming an incomplete cover on rockhead. These tills are frequently grey to the west of Shetland and greyish to reddish-brown to the east. It is presumed that these tills represent the occurrence of the last glacial advance, the Weichselian. In the north there is a different sediment pattern with patches of sand, till and soft clay distributed in a manner which agrees well wi th the pattern to be expected in areas where glacial meltwater channels, as suggested by Flinn, debouched at an ice front. The thickness of Quaternary deposits is variable to the north of Shetland and bedrock is also present within one metre of the sea bed at some sites. Samples of a compact stony grey till are restricted to a narrow area northwards from Bluemull Sound (Fig. 1). Within Yell Sound (Fig. 1) and offshore from it, only sands with some gravel have been recovered. However seismic evidence shows that, in a restricted area, up to 30 m of Quaternary material is present within a hollow in the rockhead and comprises firm sandy clay with scattered pebbles of presumed glacial age with a thin cover of soft, post glacial clays (Chesher, 1984). Outside these two areas, only sands and gravels occur, except in an area about 25 k m north-east of Uns t where soft pink clays have been sampled. Between the two till areas noted offshore to the north of Mainland Shetland between Uyea and Point of Fethaland (Fig. 1), outcrops of rock, sand and boulders suggest the possibility of the presence of an additional area of meltwater channels. Flinn's map of glacial striae gives some indication of a divergence of the ice sheet along the northern coast of Mainland, wi th striae orientated due northwards at the Point of Fethaland and nor th-westwards at Uyea. The offshore till distributions confirm the presence of a Shetland ice cap of probable Late Weichselian age and suggest that it had limited extent to the north. It would appear that the ice occurred as discrete lobes to the nor th of Shetland. The previous expectation that the ice front lay farther to the north of Shetland than suggested here (Boulton et al. 1977) would not be consistent with the results