Stargardt disease is a currently untreatable, inherited neurodegenerative disease that leads to macular degeneration and blindness due to loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA4 gene. We have designed a dual adeno-associated viral vector encoding a split-intein adenine base editor to correct the most common mutation in ABCA4 (c.5882G>A, p.Gly1961Glu). We optimized ABCA4 base editing in human models, including retinal organoids, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, as well as adult human retinal explants and RPE/choroid explants in vitro. The resulting gene therapy vectors achieved high levels of gene correction in mutation-carrying mice and in female nonhuman primates, with average editing of 75% of cones and 87% of RPE cells in vivo, which has the potential to translate to a clinical benefit. No off-target editing was detectable in human retinal explants and RPE/choroid explants. The high editing rates in primates show promise for efficient gene editing in other ocular diseases that are targetable by base editing.

This chapter provides an overview of some of the applications along with specific examples and references to further reading in research papers looking at smart clothing and wearable technology in medicine and healthcare. It looks at smart clothing and textile-driven solutions and the use of wearable technologies in medicine and healthcare avoids the massive number of smartphone applications which are now available in favour of textiles and wearables.

This chapter looks at the relationship between design and the body, addressing the implications of anatomical features ‘Structures and shape’, physiology ‘How the body works’ and psychological ‘Our love/hate relationship with clothing’, and the impact these have when designing for the end user’s needs. For a design methodology to claim that it is inclusive or universal, it must address the real needs of the body from the outset not design for the technology and then place it in a softer shell. Smart clothing and wearable technology must add to the functionality of the human body not decrease it through poor or ill-considered design. The chapter then moves on to look at the natural processes of ageing placing an emphasis on those that impact most directly on clothing design avoiding where possible changesfur as a consequence of disease processes.

ABSTRACT Stargardt disease is a currently untreatable, inherited neurodegenerative disease that leads to macular degeneration and blindness due to loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA4 gene. We have designed a dual adeno-associated viral vector split-intein adenine base-editing strategy to correct the most common mutation in ABCA4 (c.5882G>A, p.G1961E). We optimized ABCA4 base editing in human models, including retinal organoids, iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, as well as adult human retinal- and RPE/choroid explants in vitro. The resulting gene therapy vectors achieved high levels of gene correction in mutation-carrying mice and in non-human primates, with an average editing of 37% of photoreceptors and 73% of RPE cells in vivo. The high editing rates in primates make way for precise and efficient gene editing in other neurodegenerative ocular diseases.

1996 saw several papers addressing and informing readers about developments in computer-based learning and their effective use in teaching also the impact of technological developments on services and personnel.

As members of the Institute of Medical Illustrators (IMI), we have access to the Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine when we log into the website but many other resources that might be useful for our learning and continuing professional development (CPD) are not as readily available and may be behind pay walls. We cannot become a member of every organisation and health regions may allow access to some but not all journals. Open access means that some books, articles and journals can be accessed by anyone, rather than having to have a subscription to access them. The aim of this article is to look at some of the benefits of open access for the CPD of medical illustrators including where open access resources can be found to support personal and professional development.

This professional development paper aims to give you some pointers that will help you get the most from your mentorship experience as a mentor or a mentee. We look at how mentoring can support your professional development. A simple definition is that a mentor may share with a mentee (or protege) information about his or her own career path, as well as provide guidance, motivation, emotional support, and role modelling. A mentor may help with exploring careers, setting goals, developing contacts, and identifying resources.

This learning activity looks at the changes that have taken place in professional development both in terms of the background of learners Generation Z, Generation Y, and the types of learning that are available as more and more professional learning opportunities are online. Online learning has become the new normal but how fast are we adopting and encouraging the mix of learners working in medical illustration and healthcare generally to access online professional development opportunities?

In medical illustration, we all know the role of specimen photography and as part of that the photography of culture plates for records, research and publication. However, there has been a trend to...

This professional development paper looks at CPD and journaling which will help you discover how journaling can support your professional practice, mental health and continuing professional development.

There are several links between the national guidelines produced by the Institute of Medical Illustrators (IMI), the development of evidence-based practice and continuing professional development (CPD). This includes their development, research and testing in practice, their use either to support the development of best practice or their direct implementation. This paper suggests a number of ways to engage with the guidelines to support your professional learning and CPD.

The transition from face to face to online learning in response to COVD-19 has massively increased the availability of webinars and other online learning experiences whether virtual meetings with colleagues or even the conversion of conferences into a webinar series. This transformation is especially advantageous for organisations whose members are so widespread geographically that regional meetings can be difficult to attend.

Evolution provides a creative fount of complex and subtle adaptations that often surprise the scientists who discover them. However, the creativity of evolution is not limited to the natural world: Artificial organisms evolving in computational environments have also elicited surprise and wonder from the researchers studying them. The process of evolution is an algorithmic process that transcends the substrate in which it occurs. Indeed, many researchers in the field of digital evolution can provide examples of how their evolving algorithms and organisms have creatively subverted their expectations or intentions, exposed unrecognized bugs in their code, produced unexpectedly adaptations, or engaged in behaviors and outcomes, uncannily convergent with ones found in nature. Such stories routinely reveal surprise and creativity by evolution in these digital worlds, but they rarely fit into the standard scientific narrative. Instead they are often treated as mere obstacles to be overcome, rather than results that warrant study in their own right. Bugs are fixed, experiments are refocused, and one-off surprises are collapsed into a single data point. The stories themselves are traded among researchers through oral tradition, but that mode of information transmission is inefficient and prone to error and outright loss. Moreover, the fact that these stories tend to be shared only among practitioners means that many natural scientists do not realize how interesting and lifelike digital organisms are and how natural their evolution can be. To our knowledge, no collection of such anecdotes has been published before. This article is the crowd-sourced product of researchers in the fields of artificial life and evolutionary computation who have provided first-hand accounts of such cases. It thus serves as a written, fact-checked collection of scientifically important and even entertaining stories. In doing so we also present here substantial evidence that the existence and importance of evolutionary surprises extends beyond the natural world, and may indeed be a universal property of all complex evolving systems.

The freshwater gammarid, Crangonyx floridanus , originates from North America but has invaded and subsequently spread rapidly throughout Japan. We provide here the first genetic and microscopic evidence that C. floridanus has now also reached the United Kingdom. We found this species in two locations separated by more than 200 km (Lake Windermere in the North of the UK and Smestow Brook, West Midlands). The current distribution of C. floridanus is currently unknown, however both sites are well connected to other river and channel systems therefore the chance of further spread is high. Genetic analyses of C. floridanus indicate that British inland waters are colonised by the same linage, which also has invaded Japan. We recommend further work to assess the distribution of this species and its impact on the local fauna and flora.

Research and research publications are key elements in continuing professional development (CPD) as part of the mix of learning and development activities we undertake to keep ourselves current in our practice. Papers published in journals can be used by colleagues to support their evidence based practice. Posters and presentations seen and heard at a conferences can prompt ideas and developments at other organisations. In this way research is more than the publication of a piece of work it is about dissemination and its impact; for our CPD this is about how it benefits us and our patients.

화학공학소재연구정보센터 홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵. 센터: 센터소개; 회원가입/정보수정. 뉴스: 공지사항; 연구동향; 취업정보. 연구정보: 문헌DB; KDB; Compound Search; 전문연구정보; 동영상; 심포지움 자료; 연구성과보고서; 저널정보; 논문 작성법; 참고문헌DB; 분석기기DB; 화학공정DB; PSPDB; 연구자지식지도; 상태도정보. 교육정보: 사이버강의-학부; 사이버강의-대학원; 실무강좌; 강의자료 링크; 교육자료 링크; 사이버실험실; 물성측정실험 매뉴얼. 커뮤니티: 공학포럼; 카페; 신진연구자인터뷰. 리소스: 특허정보; 술어DB; 관련법령; 자격증정보; 성과소개서; 연구보고서. 문헌DB: 학술지 검색; 학술대회 발표논문집; 최신 국내 저널; 최신 리뷰페이퍼. KDB: Periodic Table of Elements; Unit Conversion; Universal Constants; Pure Component Properties; Binary Vapor-Liquid Equil …

Leading a team with a small or large number of people can be difficult and it requires time and experience to develop and apply the necessary skills. This paper includes a number of learning activities designed to start you off on the road to becoming a leader and to hone those skills through reflection.

Developmental data of forensically important blowflies used by entomologists to estimate minimum post mortem interval (mPMI) are established under controlled laboratory conditions for various temperature ranges throughout the stages of egg, 1st-3rd instar, puparia, and adult fly emergence. However, environmental conditions may influence the patterns of development and behaviour of blowflies, potentially impacting on these established development rates. Previous studies investigating indoor colonisation have focused on the delay to oviposition, with behaviour during the post-feeding phase in this setting often overlooked. The environment in which third instar larvae disperse when searching for a pupariation site may vary drastically at both outdoor and indoor scenarios, influencing the activity and distance travelled during this phase and possibly affecting developmental rates. This study investigated the effect of eight common domestic indoor surfaces on dispersal time, distance travelled, and behaviour of post-feeding Lucilia sericata as well as any resulting variation in development. It was found that pupariation and puparia length within a pupariation medium of sawdust (often used in laboratory settings) produced comparable results with that of carpeted environments (those deemed to be 'enclosed'). Non-carpeted environments (those which were 'exposed') produced a delay to pupariation likely due to increased activity and energy expenditure in searching for pupariation sites which enabled burial. In addition, the observed speed of travel during dispersal was seen via time lapse photography to be greater within 'exposed' conditions. Larvae which dispersed upon burnt laminate flooring were observed to travel faster than in all other conditions and showed the only significant variation (P = 0.04) in the day of emergence in comparison to the control condition of sawdust. This study has demonstrated that wandering phase activity is affected by the environmental surface which has potential implications for estimating both the distance travelled by dispersing larvae in indoor conditions and with further research, may be a consideration in mPMI calculations. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.