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Spiro 2-pyrrolidin-5-ones were obtained from N-substituted succinimides by a two-step procedure, involving 5- or 6-endo-trig cyclisation of N-acyliminium ion intermediates with a tethered aromatic π-nucleophile.

The National Curriculum emphasizes that spiritual development should be addressed across the whole curriculum, and this emphasis has formed part of the basis for school inspection. The National Curriculum for Modern Foreign Languages, however, contains virtually no guidance concerning the implementation of a concern for spiritual development in the foreign language classroom. This article seeks to clarify what can be learned from existing documentation and points to ways in which a concern for spiritual development needs to be further explored.

The tetracyclic advanced intermediates 6, 8 and 9 obtained from L-tryptophan via a cis-selective Pictet–Spengler reaction and a Dieckmann–Thorpe cyclisation are used in a range of new approaches to polycyclic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids such as ajmaline and suaveoline. Structural modifications designed to facilitate a key intermolecular addition to C15 (ajmaline numbering) are described, followed by two intramolecular routes based on the addition of a suitable carbon fragment to a remote nitrogen atom prior to bond formation at C15.

Synthetic routes to [glucose-U-14C]-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-stearoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine 1b and to [glucose-13C6]-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)sphingosine ([glucose-13C6]glucopsychosine, 2b) are described. Whereas the protected ceramide precursor for 1b was prepared using conventional methodology, two new strategies were developed in the course of the synthesis of 2b. Of these, one relies on keeping a protecting group in place at all times to avoid the handling difficulties associated with sphingosine 4, while the other generates a protected derivative (24) of sphingosine indirectly by means of a Mitsunobu inversion.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

An efficient synthesis of the enantiomeric forms of hydroxychloroquine is described. The method is suitable for the production of multigram quantities of the dihydrogenphosphate salts (R)-1b and (S)-1b.

The enantiomers of [3-H-3]-2-[[4-[(7-chloro-1-quinolinyl)amino]pentyl]ethylamino]ethanol, [3-H-3]-hydroxychloroquine, (R)-8 and (S)-8, have been prepared in two steps from the known precursors 4,7-dichloro-3-iodoquinoline, 4, and the enantiomers of 2-[(4-aminopentyl)ethylamino]ethanol, (R)-2 and (S)-2, by formation of the enantiomers of 2-[[4-[(7-chloro-3-iodo-4-quinolinyl)amino]pentyl]ethylamino]ethanol, (R)-3 and (S)-3, and subsequent reductive deiodination with tritium gas over 10% palladium on charcoal.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited pleiotropic disorder with virtually complete penetrance and highly variable expressivity. Carriers of the gene have increased susceptibility to a variety of neoplasms of mesodermal and neuroectodermal origin. The most characteristic and frequently observed lesions in VHL are angiomatosis retinae (52%–58%), cerebellar and spinal hemangioblastoma (38%–66%), pheochromocytoma (17%–26%), pancreatic and renal cysts (8%–72% and 25%–60%, respectively; [8] and others). Of those affected by the syndrome, 17%–55% suffer from renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is one of the most serious and life-threatening complications of the disease. Compared to counterparts with the sporadic form, RCCs in VHL patients occur at an earlier age and are often bilateral or multifocal and are associated with renal cysts. In contrast to simple cysts in the general population, which are usually benign, renal cysts in VHL may contain occult carcinomas. After onset the malignant potential of RCC in VHL is similar to that in the sporadic type, often complicated by metastasis and de novo recurrences. While many VHL patients survive surgery of hemangioblastoma, up to one-third of these patients die of RCC. The incidence of VHL is approximately 1:100000, but it is possible that there are geographic variations, with a regional incidence of 1:40 000. There is as yet no sufficient explanation for the primary biochemical defect in VHL or for the variable constellation of tissue type involved in tumor formation. Recent advances in tumor cytogenetics and molecular genetics provide the tools necessary to search for genetic defects in VHL. With the advent of reverse genetics it has become possible to isolate and characterize genes of interest without any hint of their possible functions.

Several spiro 2-pyrrolidin-5-ones were obtained by a two-step procedure from N-substituted succinimides, involving spiro cyclisation of N-acyliminium ion intermediates in refluxing trifluoroacetic acid; in all cases cyclisation utilised a tethered aromatic π-nucleophile, and ring-closure followed 5- or 6-exo-trig pathways.

Several spiro 2-pyrrolidin-5-ones were obtained by a two-step procedure from N-substituted succinimides, involving spiro cyclisation of N-acyliminium ion intermediates in refluxing trifluoroacetic acid; in all cases cyclisation utilised a tethered aromatic pi-nucleophile, and ring-closure followed 5- or 6-exo-trig pathways.

Under conditions of kinetic control, the cis-diastereoselectivity of the Pictet-Spengler reaction between tryptophan esters and aldehydes can be controlled by varying the size of the ester group; the reaction proceeds in essentially quantitative yield with most aldehydes when conducted in chloroform in the presence of molecular sieves.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.