Organic agriculture has become more and more acceptable throughout the world to satisfy the demand both for food security and for food safety, especially during the pandemic, COVID-19. A total of 72.3 million hectares, including conversion areas of organic farmland, were recorded worldwide in 2019. Oceania and Europe, with half the organically produced land in the world, are the areas with the largest organic farming areas. Australia has the most organic farmland in the world, more than any other country. Presently, 1.5% of agricultural land in the world is organic. Oceania (9.6%) and Europe (3.3%) account for the highest organic share 2by region of agricultural land. Except for Asia and Oceania, the majority of organic farmland has increased in Africa, Europe, Latin America, and North America. Asia is half of the global organic producers (3.1 million), followed by Africa, Europe, and Latin America. Moreover, despite concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic's impact by 2020, there has been a global increase in the number of organic certifications. That is a good sign for the future.

Environmental concerns and a growing energy demand have prompted the building of renewable energy-based power generation. The DC Microgrid concept is more efficient because its small and localised structure causes very low transmission losses. Although the DC system has many advantages, developing an effective protection scheme remains a complex task due to the DC fault current characteristics. In general, faults such as pole-pole (P-P), pole-ground (P-G), and arc faults are more common in DC Microgrids. Rapid fault detection and protection are required in DC Microgrids, including photovoltaics (PV), fuels, batteries, and other energy sources connected to power electronic converters. This article presents a new approach to detecting and characterizing the faults in a five-bus ring-type DC Microgrid system. First, pole-pole and pole-ground faults are investigated and then detected and classified according to a differential current average-based algorithm. This study employs a PSS®SINCAL simulation software to enumerate the effectiveness of a proposed protection scheme. Finally, the proposed method is tested under various fault scenarios, including pole-ground and pole-pole faults. The results show that the electric faults in the DC Microgrid can be detected within a few milliseconds.

Electric power theft is a serious concern in the world irrespective of being major revenue losses and developing a nation. More than one-third part of the electricity generated power is lost due to electric theft, power loss, and inefficiencies in the distribution system. Interdicted or illegal utilization of electricity has not only affected economically but also obstructs the design and modeling phases of the power system. Due to electric theft, providing wrong data input values for power system analysis and difficult to load forecasting. In this paper, an inventive Simulink model is designed to detect and monitoring of electric power theft in power system distribution networks through Power Line Communication (PLC). Electric power theft was detected with variance amendment in the amplitude of carrier signal with a narrow band. PLC technique is utilized for data communication over the power line. A narrow band power line carrier signal which has high frequency transferred in power line alongside with power frequency signal. The deviation in the amplitude of the transmitted carrier signal is monitored at the regular time- intervals and the stealing of electricity can be distinguished by the computing of distinction change within the amplitude of the carrier signal. In a normal case, the signal present fixes pattern and waveform, but in the case of power theft, the signal shows some variation and disturbance in a within waveform pattern. A pattern recognition and monitoring approach is used for direct power theft in the PLC model. The Simulink model is performed on MATLAB software to analyze the performance and efficient results that satisfy the proposed Simulink model.

Most of the Transportation of commercial goods in india is done by the railway network and any damage to these network leads to damage to economy. Indian railway has not yet reached the international standards in terms of the reliability and safety parameters. The main concern about railway network is early detection of any cracks in the structure. If these faults are not detected and repaired at early stages, they might lead to derailments which leads to heavy loss of life and property. Our model proposes a cost-effective solution to the problem of track crack detection using IR transmitter and receiver which detects the crack and feed location through GPS and video feed of the track immediately so that many lives can be saved. There are many advantages when compared with the traditional system i.e. cost effective, lower power consumption and lesser analysis time.

In recent years, power systems are being operated nearer to their limits due to economic competition and deregulation. Also, nowadays the challenge is to include large and ever increasing amounts of decentralized generated power into the existing transmission network and at the same time comply with the electricity market transmission demands. Both factors increase the risk of blackout. After which, power needs to be restored as quickly and reliably as possible and, accordingly, detailed power system restoration plans are required. The multilayer perceptron network is chosen for a more precise examination.

Power quality is an important issue in distribution network system. In present day, the industrial equipment is primarily based on electronic component such as rectifier, thyristors together with programmable sensing controllers and power electronic drives. These devices are very sensitive to instabilities and end up less tolerant to power quality issues. In the industrial and commercial equipment, voltage sags are serious and most common problems. By reactive power injection at the point of common coupling, balanced voltage is achieved. Several custom power devices are utilized to improve the quality of power but DVR is efficient and gives quick response, high reliability and cost is low. In this paper, we proposed a new scheme to control the self-supported dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and different compensation techniques and operating modes are discussed. In this scheme, three phase harmonic filter (double tuned) is used to moderate harmonics, generated by voltage source converter (VSC). DVR operates within minimum energy rating. Capacitor is utilized as energy storage device during compensating the disturbance. Three phase programmable source is used to generate the disturbances within supply voltage. Through DVR, compensating the supply voltage harmonics the total harmonic distortion (THD) is minimized at load bus. By using a reduced-rating DVR, the reimbursement of the voltage dip, voltage swell, and harmonics is demonstrated. DVR works as enforced commutated VSC that inserts a dynamically required controlled voltage in series with the supply voltage through injection transformer for improving the load voltage. Parks Transformation is used to convert the voltages from rotating vectors to the stationary frame. The load voltage is sustained sinusoidal and in phase by inserting properly required compensation voltage through DVR. Extensive experiments are performed on MATLAB platform to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. KeywordsHarmonics, Dynamic voltage restorer, voltage source converter, Power quality, voltage sag, synchronous reference frame theory.

BACKGROUND It is important to identify all RBC antibodies in pregnancy to determine whether there is a risk of haemolytic disease of newborn and to facilitate cross matching of maternal blood if an emergency transfusion is required at delivery. Aims and Objectives- (1) To measure the prevalence of RBC antibodies in pregnant women coming to a quaternary care centre at Bangalore, (2) To describe the maternal and perinatal outcome in those who are found to be RBC antibody positive and (3) To compare the prevalence of antibodies in pregnant ladies with prevalence in patients other than pregnant women coming to the hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Manipal Hospital, Bangalore from 1st October, 2012 to 30th August, 2013 on antenatal patients and other patients from other departments on whom blood grouping and antibody screening has been done. After proper history, blood samples were collected in EDTA vials and were centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 5 minutes and plasma separated immediately and tested for grouping and presence of antibodies. RESULTS 8128 patients which included 1030 (12.67%) pregnant patients and 7098 (87.32%) non-pregnant patients were screened for antibodies during this period with positivity of 3.3% in pregnancy and 0.8% in other patient population. Anti D was the predominant antibody found in 81% pregnant patients with anti E and Anti Lea in 6.1% each and anti C and anti K in 3% each. Anti D was positive in 17.7% of the non-pregnant group followed by Anti Le(a) 14.5%, anti M 11.3% and anti E 9.7%. Except two patients, all other patients and their newborns in the positive group did not have any other significant morbidity. CONCLUSION Despite prophylactic use of Rh immunoglobulins, anti-D is still a common antibody identified as the major cause of alloimmunisation. The incidence of non-Rh antibodies is also high especially in the non-pregnant group and this increasing trend may lead to increase in incidence of HDFN and transfusion related reactions in the future.

Background: With demographic shifts, there is an unprecedented increase in noncommunicable diseases, multimorbidity, and geriatric syndromes among older adults, especially in economically weaker sectors. However, there is no socioculturally appropriate tool to screen older adults for age-related health needs, multimorbidity, and geriatric syndromes at their doorstep. Objective: Our objective was to create a self-assessment tool, “integrated care tool” (ICT), and to assess its psychometric properties by applying it on older adults from multiple settings such as hospital, community, and old-age home (assisted living services). Methods: new questionnaire was developed using standardized procedure including item development, pilot testing, and psychometric validation. After obtaining the institutional ethics committee clearance, data were collected from consenting respondents attending the Outpatient Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, community settings through health camps, and long-term care center, between May 2016 and February 2017. Data were computerized and analyzed by principal component analysis as extraction method and orthogonal varimax as rotation method. Results: The final 30-item questionnaire was arranged into various domains as per rotated component matrix analysis. Overall internal consistency of the final questionnaire, as calculated by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.79, and the measure of sampling adequacy was 0.79. Conclusion: ICT-BRIEF is a simple, self-assessment/caregiver-assisted tool to screen the health needs of older adults. This tool can be validated for developing risk score and scaled up to generate a large database to create elderly centered care plans.

Voltage and current waveform distortion is a most important power quality concern, because a small fluctuation with phase supply, transient condition occurs and unbalanced of phase voltage can create a more derange within phase currents. Three phase balanced system holds only positive sequence constituents of voltage, current, and impedance, whereas both positive and negative sequence constituents of voltages and currents within unbalanced system. The voltages at the generation system side are in sinusoidal wave and have constant equivalent magnitude value within 120° phase difference. However, unbalanced condition arises due to inadequacy in voltage magnitude and in fundamental frequency in load side. This paper proposes the shunt-connected current inserting Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) through appropriate controlling scheme to moderate and compensate the unstable load current. It works as quick reimbursing source for reactive power that is functional on the distribution power system to moderate voltage deviations like voltage sags, swells, and voltage flicker along with unsteadiness produced by quickly changing reactive power demand. This paper presents the scheme and Simulink model of D-STATCOM within PI controller toward improving the superiority of power under dissimilar irregular circumstances like symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. The controller working efficiency is tested under different fault conditions. The performance of D-STATCOM under different fault conditions in power distribution system is carried out at three phase supply 20 kV, 50 Hz. The controller and D-STATCOM model are designed through Simulink and Power System Blockset toolbox existing in MATLAB program.

Human induced calamities have affected the nature in most adverse ways. Oil spills are one such phenomenon that happens due to technical mishaps in the mid-ocean oil rigs or due to accidents. The spilled hydrocarbons cause death of marine lives that come in contact with the oil. Some bacteria have the capability to assimilate these hydrocarbons by feeding on them. The current study aims to isolate oil degrading bacteria from soil and to test the degrading ability of the isolated bacteria on different types of oils.

Managing diseases (Arivazhagan et. al., CIGR, 15(1):211–217, 2013 [1]) in plant is a challenging task. Diseases are mostly seen on the leaves or stem or fruits of the plant. Systematic disease identification should be undertaken so that crop yield can be maximized. Some diseases can be handled by the farmer before the disease spreads. Farmers will find automatic disease identification with the system and easier in their occupation. A large of such diseases can be identified using the leaves of the plants. The proposed system automatically detects the patterns of diseases in their early stage.

This paper gives a scheme to find the fault or monitor the condition of transmission line using image processing. The technique of Digital Image Processing (DIP) and Wavelet Shrinkage Function (WSF) is used for fault detection and diagnosis. In other context, image of a transmission line is taken by the thermovision camera with the coordinates of transmission line, which are current, voltage, and temperature. The algorithm for image segmentation is used which divides the image into the set of part and objects. Application ofWSF is done to read the image characteristics and standard deviation which gives the image quality where the fault occurs. This proposed method gives results in terms of visual quality and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

This paper approaches a technique that helps to find and diagnosing faults in transmission lines using image process technique. Image processing technique is widely used in all area for solving the problems. In this paper, Digital image processing wavelet shrinkage function is use for fault identification and diagnosis. In the other word, take a faulty image from the source like thermo vision camera and real time recording instrument with the co-ordinates of transmission line. Uses the algorithm of digital image processing for segmentation of the image, segmentation divides the image in set of parts and objects, and then apply the wavelet shrinkage function to read the image and give the result. The proposed method provides results that are in terms of PSNR and visual quality. ANFIS is very useful tool to identify the fault condition of the transmission line where this is used the IF-THEN rule by this condition can be easily learn and take best action to remove the fault.

CholecystogastricFistulae are a rare variety of biliary fistulae .Mostfistulaebetweenthegallbladderand intestinaltractbecomeobvious[1]. But here we report a rare silent presentation ofCholecystogastricfistula in a 51 year old female,whowas posted for routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy for long standing cholelithiasis. Keyworsds:Cholecystogastric fistula, gallstones, cholelicystitis.

In this paper, an advancement approach considering an infrared thermography methodology is taken into account for pronouncing and diagnosing the fault persisting in the electrical equipment. This technology is mainly focused on non-contact and non-destructive property. It is a fast and reliable technique to inspect system without any interruption. In the field of the electrified area, maintenance and reliability of transmission and distribution system are one of the most critical issue which mostly suffers from few problems like loose connection, corrosion, and unbalanced loads. The loose connection arise the sag and corrosion on wire produce the more corona loss. In this paper, non-invasive method is employed to monitor the temperature of zinc oxide (ZnO) surge arrester. Surge arrester is utilized to analyze the hot region and exercise the watershed transform for the image segmentation and hot color mapping. Detection of hot regions is resembled through dark red color. Monitoring of surge arrester leakage current (SALC) is the main consideration to solve out the problems through infra-red thermo-gram (IRT) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Artificial neural network (ANN) techniques utilized monitoring the condition of arrester within input constraints; arrester temperature, ambient temperature and humidity. These constraints are implemented to find out leakage current. The proposed method detects the hotness, hot region of the ZnO arrester and a relationship between the thermal characteristic and leakage current of surge arrester for condition monitoring.

Aim: The aim of this article was to compare the tissue contraction after the surgical repair of unilateral cleft lip side to noncleft lip side. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with unilateral cleft lip only were used as subjects. They were divided into two groups based on gender (20 males and 20 females). Measurements of soft-tissue landmarks of cleft side and noncleft side were compared after surgical repair of the lip to check for soft-tissue contractions. A vernier caliper was used to measure the linear measurements, and all the measurements were measured directly on the patients' lips. Results: When gender comparison was done, it was found to be significant only for oral commissure to the peak of Cupid's bow for both cleft and noncleft sides (P < 0.05). When comparison between the two sides (left and right) was done, a significant difference was observed only for subalar to peak of Cupid's bow measurement which was found to be significantly larger at noncleft as compared to cleft side in overall assessment (P = 0.005) and in females (P = 0.046); however, this difference was not statistically significant when evaluated for males alone (P = 0.060). Conclusion: Marked soft-tissue contraction was seen after surgical repair of the unilateral cleft lip, more was seen in females. This indicates that adequate planning and accurate surgical techniques and measurements should be taken while approximating the two lip flaps both in vertical and in horizontal direction before planning the surgery to get the best esthetic result for the patients.