This paper describes the surgical management of right dorsal displacement of the large colon in six horses, which were showing mild to moderate abdominal distension and pain that did not respond to medicinal treatment. Exploratory celiotomy was performed in all the animals anaesthetised using a combination of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg b.wt) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg b.wt), administered intravenously. After intubation, the animals were maintained with isoflurane (2%) inhalation anaesthesia. Following midline celiotomy, the pelvic flexure enterotomy and cecotomy were performed to evacuate the contents of the large colon, before closing the abdominal wound and pelvic flexure replaced in normal anatomic orientation. Out of six horses four recovered successfully.

Background: Superficial fungal infections are the most common skin diseases, affecting millions of people throughout the world. Aim of the study was carried out to find, the effect of seasonal variation and socio-economic status on the prevalence of dermatophytes.Methods: A total of fifty clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were subjected to mycological studies.Results: Out of which 32 (64%) were culture positive Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type followed by Tinea cruris. Tricophoton rubrum 17/32 (53.12%) was the most common isolate followed by T. mentagrophytes 9/32(28.12%), T. tonsurans 3/32(9.37%), T. verrrucosum 2/32(6.25%) and T. schoenleinii 1/32(3.12%). Most of the patients belonged to the middle socio-economic group (28/50) followed by lower socio-economic group (19/50) maximum cases of dermatophytosis were reported from June to August revealing the fact that hot and humid weather during the monsoons has a great impact on the occurrence of dermatophytosis.Conclusions: It may therefore be concluded that dermatophytosis is now a days a serious public health problem in view of its high occurrence in the world wide population.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic signs of infection and accompanied by bacteraemia in the first month of life. Neonatal sepsis is among the three most common illnesses among newborns, and second most common cause of neonatal mortality especially among preterm and low birth weight babies. Aim of the study was to identify the common bacterial pathogens associated with neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: Total 120 blood samples collected aseptically (from January 2015 to April 2015) and cultured in automated machine Versa TREKTM automated microbial detection system. Significant bacterial colonies are seen on streak lines which were observed by their diameter, opaqueness, flatness, regular or irregular margins etc. Any growth was subjected for identification by appropriate biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done.Results: Out of one hundred twenty (120) samples, eighty (66.67%) samples were found positive for bacterial infection. In which 22 (27.50%) E.coli, 14 (17.50%) Klebsiella pneumonia, 10 (12.50%) pseudomonas, 17 (21.25%) Staphylococcus aureus, 6 (7.50%) coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) and 11(13.75%) Enterococcous sp. was identified. Conclusions: The blood culture positivity rate was 66.67%. E. coli, Klebsiella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest agent.

Background: There are little data on the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in pregnant women in Meerut. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant women. Material and Methods: Blood samples of 5042 pregnant women were collected. Result and Discussion: overall prevalence, 162(3.21%) samples, sixty four (1.26%) for HBsAg and ninety eight (1.94%) for HCV were found positive. Conclusions: These results underscore the need for prenatal screening for HBV infection in pregnant women and treatment of newborns from HBsAg-positive mothers.

A study was carried out in and around Pantnagar to prepare a bioclimatograph of strongyle worms infecting small ruminants. Three climatic variables i.e. temperature (maximum and minimum), average relative humidity and total rainfall were recorded for each month from June, 2010 to May, 2011 and correlated with faecal egg count, faecal larval count and pasture larval count of grazing area under study. Bioclimatographs were prepared against different climatic variables and the predicted findings were correlated with actual field study. The real time observations in goats revealed higher incidence of strongyle worms from June to October and higher intensity from July to October. The higher availability of infection of exogenous stages on pasture was observed from June to October. In case of sheep, the real time observations for higher incidence of strongyle worms and higher infection were recorded from July to October and from August to November, respectively. Bioclimatograph predicted that June to October was the favorable for development and survival of eggs and larvae of Haemonchus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. and for Trichostrongylus spp. from October to mid March. Bioclimatographs revealed that Tmax. v/s TRF and Tmax. v/s R.H. gave better prediction for Haemonchus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. while for Trichostrongylus spp. it was Tmin v/s R.H.

A four year old male bull with fractured tibia was managed by closed interlocking nail without reaming under image intensifier. The animal was able to bear weight and walk partially within one week and complete recovery was observed by 45th day.

The study was conducted to evaluate bupivacaine-xylazine and bupivacaine-butorphanol-xylazine combinations for epidural analgesia in dogs. Eight clinical canine patients were divided into two treatment groups (A and B) comprising of 4 animals each. The animals of group A were given bupivacaine hydrochloride 1 mg/kg b.wt in combination with xylazine HCl 0.5 mg/kg b.wt epidurally at lumbosacral space, while those of group B were given a combination of bupivacaine HCl 1 mg/kg b.wt, butorphanol tartarate 0.2 mg/kg b.wt and xylazine HCl 0.5 mg/kg b.wt epidurally at lumbosacral space. The effect of two treatments in the animals was compared on the basis of clinical, physiological, heamodynamic, haematological and biochemical parameters. In group B, time for onset of analgesia (4.12±0.31 min) was insignificantly (P>0.05) faster in comparison to group A (4.88±0.43 min). Mean duration of sedation did not differ significantly. Complete recovery time was insignificantly (P>0.05) quicker in group A (354.00±9.28 min) than group B (371.50±8.72 min). The results indicated that bupivacaine-xylazine and bupivacaine-xylazinebutorphanol combinations can be used for various clinical interventions and lengthy surgeries without adversely affecting the cardiopulmonary and haemato-biochemical parameters in dogs. Addition of butorphanol to xylazine and bupivacaine provides superior analgesia.