The effect of ethanol on yeast growth and fermentation has been studied in two strains, NCYC479 (a commercial saké yeast) and 5D-cyc (a laboratory haploid strain). The effect of ethanol on growth was similar in the two strains. It showed complex kinetics which resulted from both the inhibition of the growth rate itself and also a reduction in cell viability. The growth and viability effects had different inhibition constants. Ethanol was less inhibitory toward fermentation than toward growth. Fermentation in the saké yeast was more ethanol tolerant than in the laboratory strain. The inhibition kinetics for fermentation were less complex than those for growth and followed the classical noncompetitive pattern.

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FEBS LettersVolume 64, Issue 2 p. 358-363 Full-length articleFree Access The effect of rate of respiration on sensitivity to cyanide and carbon monoxide in Beneckea natriegens grown in batch and continuous CULTURE J.D. Linton, J.D. Linton Shell Research Limited, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UK Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.E.F. Harrison, D.E.F. Harrison Shell Research Limited, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UK Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA.T. Bull, A.T. Bull Shell Research Limited, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UK Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UKSearch for more papers by this author J.D. Linton, J.D. Linton Shell Research Limited, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UK Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.E.F. Harrison, D.E.F. Harrison Shell Research Limited, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UK Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA.T. Bull, A.T. Bull Shell Research Limited, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UK Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 01, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(76)80328-6Citations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume64, Issue2May 01, 1976Pages 358-363 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The effect of medium dissolved-oxygen tension on the molar growth yield, respiration and cytochrome content of Beneckea natriegens in chemostat culture (D 0-37 H-1) was examined. The molar growth yield (Y), the specific rate of oxygen (qo2) and glucose consumption, and the specific rate of carbon dioxide evolution were independent of the dissolved-oxygen tension above a critical value (greatest than 2 mmHg). However, the potential respiration rate increased with reduction in the dissolved-oxygen tension at values of the dissolved-oxygen tension well above the critical value. Changes in the cytochrome content occurred at dissolved-oxygen tensions well above the critical value. An increase in cytochrome c relative to cytochrome b was observed as the dissolved-oxygen tension was decreased. Reduction of the dissolved-oxygen tension to less than I mmHg caused a switch to fermentative metabolism shown by the apparent rise in YO2 and decrease in the molar growth yield from glucose. At this point the potential respiration rate (qO2) increased to its highest value, while the cytochrome pattern reverted to that observed at dissolved-oxygen tensions above 96 mmHg. There appeared to be no correlation between cytochrome content, potential qO2, in situ qO2, and cyanide sensitivity of the organism at various dissolved-oxygen tensions.

S ummary . The pink pigment of Pseudomonas extorquens was identified tentatively as an oxo‐carotenoid similar to rhodoxanthin. The production of the pigment increased at the end of the logarithmic phase of growth of Ps. extorquens in batch cultures. It was produced during growth on a wide variety of carbon and nitrogen sources, with the exception of ethanol, but not in the presence of diphenylamine, an observation which was consistent with the identification of the pigment as a carotenoid. The organism was grown in continuous culture under conditions of oxygen and magnesium limitation which might be expected to restrict the oxidation of γ‐carotenes to pink pigments. However, such limitations caused an increase in pigmentation over that of methanol‐limited cultures. Non‐pink mutants of Ps. extorquens , obtained after the use of the mutagen, ethyl methyl sulphonate, did not have growth‐rates lower than those of the parent strain. The pigment would seem to have no central metabolic role in actively growing cells but carbon is diverted to pigment production when growth is restricted by other than carbon limitation.

FEBS LettersVolume 44, Issue 1 p. 106-110 Full-length articleFree Access Metabolism of one carbon compounds: Cytochromes of methane- and methanol-utilising bacteria Correction(s) for this article Erratum Volume 49Issue 1FEBS Letters pages: 137-137 First Published online: October 19, 2001 G.M. Tonge, G.M. Tonge Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC.J. Knowles, C.J. Knowles Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.E.F. Harrison, D.E.F. Harrison Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorI.J. Higgins, I.J. Higgins Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this author G.M. Tonge, G.M. Tonge Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC.J. Knowles, C.J. Knowles Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD.E.F. Harrison, D.E.F. Harrison Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorI.J. Higgins, I.J. Higgins Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK Borden Laboratory, Shell Research Ltd., Sittinghourne, Kent, ME9 8AG, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 15, 1974 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(74)80316-9Citations: 22AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume44, Issue1August 15, 1974Pages 106-110 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Publisher Summary The chemostat is a technique for producing a steady-state in a growing culture of microorganisms under controlled conditions. The growth-rate of the organism is fixed by the feed rate of the medium, containing a simple limiting nutrient and, usually, the pH, temperature and oxygen supply are kept constant. Under these conditions, the organism and substrate concentration should arrive at a stable level unique for the particular growth conditions involved. A mathematical model was proposed to define this steady-state. Under the ideal conditions of the Monod model, with a well-controlled environment, continuing oscillations in population, substrate, and respiration rate would not be expected although damped oscillations might occur. There have been several reports of damped oscillations in continuous cultures. Continuing undamped oscillations in well-regulated chemostat cultures are indicative of a more complex system and might occur through feedback interaction between cell metabolism and the environment or by the synchronization of oscillations based on wholly intracellular feed-back mechanisms.

ABSTRACT. Pure cultures of Hyphomicrobium sp. had a high affinity for methanol ( K m = 8·33 × 10 −6 M) and the maximum respiration rate was c. 5 times higher than that of a mixed culture in which a methane‐utilizing pseudomonad predominated ( K m = 2·94 × 10 −2 M). From a comparison of the substrate affinities, a culture of the methane‐utilizing organism would be expected to produce levels of methanol high enough to inhibit methane oxidation and the Hyphomicrobium sp. would be able to scavenge this methanol.

Journal of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyVolume 22, Issue 3 p. 417-440 Article Physiological effects of dissolved oxygen tension and redox potential on growing populations of micro-organisms D. E. F. Harrison, D. E. F. Harrison Shell Research Limited, Borden Microbiological Laboratory, Sittingbourne, KentSearch for more papers by this author D. E. F. Harrison, D. E. F. Harrison Shell Research Limited, Borden Microbiological Laboratory, Sittingbourne, KentSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1972 https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2720220311Citations: 34AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume22, Issue3March 1972Pages 417-440 RelatedInformation

Measurement of the cytochrome content of cells grown under different aeration conditions showed that cytochrome o did not go through the same adaptive changes as did cytochromes a1 and a2, and no correlation was found between cytochrome content of cells and their potential respiration rate. Cells grown at low growth rate demonstrated increased content of cytochrome a2.

SUMMARY: The effects of temperature, pH, dilution rate and oxygen tension on the yield coefficient and respiration rate of Klebsiella aerogenes and Escherichia coli grown in continuous culture were studied. Reduced cell yields and increased oxygen uptake rates were obtained at low oxygen tension (2 to 5 mmHg) without any increase in the concentration of extracellular organic carbon. These effects and changes in the respiration rate with changes in the dilution rate are discussed in relation to the 'energy efficiency' of the cells.

SUMMARY: During the transition between anaerobic growth and aerobic growth conditions, in chemostat cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes, the yield coefficients from glucose and oxygen were lower than that of the aerobic steady-state. Both the potential and in situ respiration rates reached a maximum from 2 to 8 h. after reaeration of the culture. There appears to have been a loss of the tight coupling between growth and energy conserving processes. In the case of a culture grown anaerobically for only 4·5 h. which was incompletely adapted to anaerobic growth, there was no initial lag before an increase in Q 02 as was obtained with cultures grown anaerobically for 18·74 h. but the time required for complete adaptation to aerobic growth was the same, 8 h. Escherichia coli behaved similarly to K. aerogenes. When an aerobic culture was made anaerobic it took 14I1. for the CO2 production to attain a steady state.

Biotechnology and BioengineeringVolume 12, Issue 4 p. 633-634 Communications to the EditorFree Access An antoclavable version of the Mackereth oxygen probe D. E. F. Harrison, D. E. F. Harrison Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Stevenage, Herts, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorK. V. Melbourne, K. V. Melbourne Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Stevenage, Herts, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author D. E. F. Harrison, D. E. F. Harrison Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Stevenage, Herts, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorK. V. Melbourne, K. V. Melbourne Water Pollution Research Laboratory, Stevenage, Herts, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1970 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120411Citations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume12, Issue4July 1970Pages 633-634 ReferencesRelatedInformation