The efficient and selective recovery of key metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Li+) from spent lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs) leachate is of significant interest for both metallic resource sustainability and environmental risk mitigation. To achieve controlled and selective recovery of valuable metal ions, this study introduces a novel composite aerogel adsorbent (TCA). It is based on titanate nanotubes as the main adsorption component, supported by a sustainable aerogel matrix derived from waste paper. TCA demonstrated exceptional adsorption capacities for target metal ions (1.0954 mmol/g for Co2+, 0.8455 mmol/g for Ni2+, 1.0847 mmol/g for Mn2+, and 1.0921 mmol/g for Cu2+), achieving rapid equilibrium within 60 min. In simulated SLIBs leachate, TCA exhibited removal efficiencies exceeding 99.5% for Cu2+, Co2+ and Mn2+, and 98.0% for Ni2+, with minimal Li+ loss (<0.9%). Notably, TCA utilized the Jahn-Teller effect to preferentially remove Cu2+ impurity from multi-ion solution. This subsequently facilitate highly-selective separation of Ni2+/Co2+/Mn2+ from Li+ through an ion-exchange mechanism driven by differences in Pearson hardness, ionic radius, and charge density. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified the adsorption selectivity order of Cu2+ > Mn2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Li+. Optimization of adsorption conditions established an ordered gradient process that simultaneously achieved impurity removal and high-value metal recovery. Furthermore, the metal-loaded TCA enables efficient antibiotic capture through synergistic adsorbent-metal interactions. Therefore, this work presents a novel and sustainable circular strategy that integrates efficient gradient recovery of valuable metals from SLIBs leachate with subsequent antibiotic remediation, achieving both resource reclamation and environmental protection.

This review is different from previous studies focusing on polypyrrole (PPy) in universal fields such as sensors and supercapacitors. It is the first TO systematically review the specific applications of PPy-based electrospun nanofiber composites in the biomedical field, focusing on its biocompatibility regulation mechanism and tissue repair function. Although PPy exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity, redox activity, and biocompatibility, its clinical translation is hindered by processing challenges and poor degradability. These limitations can be significantly mitigated through composite strategies with degradable nanomaterials, enhancing both process compatibility and biofunctionality. Leveraging the morphological similarity between electrospun nanofibers and the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), this work comprehensively analyzes the topological characteristics of three composite fiber architectures—randomly distributed, aligned, and core–shell structures—and elucidates their application mechanisms in nerve regeneration, skin repair, bone mineralization, and myocardial tissue reconstruction (e.g., facilitating oriented cell migration and regulating differentiation through specific signaling pathway activation). The study further highlights critical challenges in the field, including PPy’s poor solubility, limited spinnability, insufficient mechanical strength, and scalability limitations. Future efforts should prioritize the development of multifunctional gradient composites, intelligent dynamic-responsive scaffolds, and standardized biosafety evaluation systems to accelerate the substantive translation of these materials into clinical applications.

Pre-mixed fluidized solidified soil (PFSS) has the advantages of pumpability, convenient construction, and a short setting time. This paper took the excavated loess in Fuzhou as the research object and used cement-fly-ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag-carbide slag as a composite geopolymer system (CFGC) to synthesize PFSS. This study investigated the fluidity and mechanical strength of PFSS under different water-solid ratios and curing agent dosages; finally, the microstructure of the composite geopolymer system-pre-mixed fluidized solidified soil (CFGC-PFSS) was characterized. The results showed that when the water-solid ratio of PFSS increased from 0.46 to 0.54, the fluidity increased by 77 mm, and the flexural strength and compressive strength at 28 d decreased to 450.8 kPa and 1236.5 kPa. When the curing agent dosage increased from 15% to 25%, the fluidity increased by 18.0 mm, and the flexural strength and compressive strength at 28 d increased by 1.7 times and 1.6 times. A large number of needle-like AFt, C-S-H gel, and C-(A)-S-H gel coagulate with soil particles to form a three-dimensional reticular structure, which is the mechanism of the strength formation of PFSS under the action of CFGC.

In this study, the properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) were enhanced by adding modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. The specimens with different curing ages were evaluated in various aspects to investigate the effects of different dosages, lengths, and surface treatments of PVA fibers on the performance of UHPC. The performance was compared with that of steel fiber-reinforced UHPC with the same ratio and multiple dosages. At the same time, the distribution of fibers and the morphology of fibers were observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the mechanism of fiber reinforcement was discussed. The results showed that the mechanical properties were significantly affected by the fiber dosage, length, and surface treatment. Based on the test results, the optimum PVA fiber addition can increase the compressive strength and flexural strength by 12.0% and 6.0% compared to the control UHPC without fibers. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out and indicated that the optimum PVA fiber addition has the potential to replace 0.5% steel fiber in certain conditions.

Polypyrrole (PPy) has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent environmental stability, high conductivity, simple synthesis, good biocompatibility, and reversible redox properties. PPy derivatives not only inherit the advantages of polypyrrole, but also have some unique properties. The side and N-site substitution of PPy can not only yield polymers with good solubility, but it also endows polymers with special functionalities by controlling the introduced functional groups. The performance of copolymers can also be adjusted by the type of monomer or polymerization ratio. In this review, an overview of the different types, main preparation methods, and the application prospects of PPy derivatives reported to date are summarized and presented. The current challenges and future opportunities in this research area are also prospected.

聚合物因其优异的电绝缘性能、力学性能、加工流变性能等被广泛应用于电力设备如电线电缆、绝缘子等的电气绝缘.随着输变电系统电压等级的升高及电线电缆的大负荷传输,因电线电缆绝缘问题引发的火灾日趋严重,由此导致的生命及环境危害引起高度重视,因而对聚合物绝缘材料的阻燃性能提出更高要求.综述了针对电线电缆绝缘的无卤阻燃聚合物绝缘材料研究进展,讨论了材料组成、结构、性能及其阻燃机理,阐明了其性能优势及不足,以期为该类材料的研发及其在高电压等级电气绝缘领域的应用提供依据.

石油基材料的过度消耗及塑料垃圾的产生给周边环境和人类生活造成了不可逆转的伤害,大力发展可替代石油基材料的产品成为当今急需解决的问题.聚乳酸作为一种线性脂肪族热塑性塑料,因具有良好的机械性能及可加工性,成为目前开发最广泛的商业化聚合物之一.立构复合聚乳酸为研发具有优异物理化学性能且可降解的热塑性塑料提供了研究思路.介绍了近年来几种较为新颖的立构复合聚乳酸材料的制备方法,归纳了立构复合聚乳酸材料的结构与性能,并指出其未来的研究方向.

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered as the promising higher-energy and improved-safety energy-storage systems. Nevertheless, the electrolyte-electrodes interfacial issues due to the limited solid physical contact lead to discontinuous interfacial charge transport and large interfacial resistance, thereby suffering from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, we construct an integrated cathode/polymer electrolyte for all-solid-state LMBs under the action of polymer chains exchange and recombination originating from multiple dynamic bonds in our well-designed dynamic supramolecular ionic conductive elastomers (DSICE) molecular structure. The DSICE acts as polymer electrolytes with excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical properties, achieving the ultrathin pure polymer electrolyte thickness (12 μm). Notably, the DSICE also functions as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 , LFP) cathode binders with enhanced adhesive capability. Such well-constructed Li|DSICE|LFP-DSICE cells generate delicate electrolyte-electrodes interfacial contact at the molecular level, providing continuous Li+ transport pathways and promoting uniform Li+ deposition, further delivering superior long-term charge/discharge stability (>600 cycles, Coulombic efficiency, >99.8 %) and high capacity retention (80 % after 400 cycles). More practically, the Li|DSICE|LFP-DSICE pouch cells show stable electrochemical performance, excellent flexibility and safety under abusive tests.

Due to its large specific capacitance, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and many other advantages, polypyrrole is considered to be the most likely conductive polymer for industrialization. However, bulk polypyrrole is usually deficient in electrical, optical and biological properties, while nano-structured polypyrrole has special electrochemical activity, improved optical properties and good biocompatibility due to its well-defined nanostructure and larger surface area. In addition, with the rapid development of science and technology, single polypyrrole nanomaterials have been insufficient to cope with the application needs of various aspects. However, polypyrrole nanocomposites can retain the function of the individual components and the synergistic effect when integrated with other functional materials, and can simultaneously possess the advantages of several materials, thus greatly broadening the application range of polypyrrole. This article summarizes the research progress of polypyrrole nanocomposites and introduces the five types of polypyrrole nanocomposites. Based on their excellent electrical conductivity and reversible redox properties, the applications of polypyrrole nanocomposites in the fields of energy storage, biomedicine, adsorption and impurity removal, electrocatalysis, wave-absorbing materials, sensors and corrosion protection are presented. Finally, the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging area of research are discussed.

The free surface of a thin polymeric film is often unstable and deforms into various micro-/nano-patterns under an externally applied electric field. This paper reviews a recent patterning technique, electrohydrodynamic patterning (EHDP), a straightforward, cost-effective and contactless bottom-up method. The theoretical and numerical studies of EHDP are shown. How the characteristic wavelength and the characteristic time depend on both the external conditions (such as voltage, film thickness, template-substrate spacing) and the initial polymer properties (such as rheological property, electrical property and surface tension) is theoretically and experimentally discussed. Various possible strategies for fabricating high-aspect-ratio or hierarchical patterns are theoretically and experimentally reviewed. Aligning and ordering of the anisotropic polymers by EHDP is emphasized. A perspective, including novelty and limitations of the methods, particularly in comparison to some conventional patterning techniques, and a possible future direction of research, is presented.

电力设备在雨雪等特殊环境下,设备表面及其连接处往往会因吸收水分而影响绝缘性能造成线路事故.应用聚合物绝缘防水材料涂敷在设备表面,可降低水分对电力设备绝缘性能的影响,从而保障设备的安全运行.综述了 目前聚合物基防水材料的研究现状,讨论了材料种类、结构及性能差异,并提出了针对电力设备防水绝缘需求聚合物基防水材料应具备的结构特点及功能,以期为该类材料在电力设备运行维护领域的研发与应用提供依据.

The hybridization of conductive polymers (CPs) with other nanomaterials is one of the effective ways to improve their electrical, optical, mechanical, and biological properties. The review reports the types, synthesis methods, physical and chemical properties, potential applications, and the prospect of future polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites. PPy nanocomposites can be classified into four types according to their composition: PPy/carbon series nanocomposites, PPy/ inorganic nanocomposites,PPy/organic nanocomposites and PPy multicomponent nanocomposite. The main synthesis methods of PPy nanocomposites include in situ chemical/electrochemical oxidation, electrochemical deposition, template method, interfacial polymerization, electrospinning, freeze drying and so on. Based on its high electrical conductivity and chemical properties, the applications of PPy nanocomposites in the field of energy storage, biomedicine, adsorption and impurity removal, electrocatalysis, wave-absorbing materials, sensors and corrosion protection are presented, which focus on recent literature. Finally, the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging area of research are presented.

Polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy NPs), nanorods (NRs), and nanotubes (NTs) are prepared by a green chemical oxidation method using H2O2 as an oxidant under UV irradiation. The anti-corrosion coatings are prepared by hybridizing different nanostructured PPy, polyvinyl butyral, and carbon black for protecting zinc metal. The effect of the content of PPy on corrosion-resistant of the coatings is investigated, and the influence of the PPy nanostructures on the anti-corrosion performance of the coatings is also investigated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves. It is found that the composite coatings with nano-PPy have obvious anticorrosive performance, and the corrosion resistance is evidently enhanced with the increase of the content of PPy nanostructures. It is further found that the coatings containing PPy NPs have the best corrosion resistance. The possible anti-corrosion mechanism of the anti-corrosion coatings is proposed.

过去十几年来,纳米结构的聚吡咯相较于无定形块状聚吡咯具有诸多特殊性能和明显优势得到了广泛的研究.文中综述了聚吡咯纳米材料的主要类型、合成方法、物理和化学性质,潜在的应用以及未来的前景.其中,制备方法包括软模板法、硬模板法和无模板法.基于其优异的导电性和化学性能,针对近十年的一些文献,总结了聚吡咯纳米材料在储能、生物医学、传感器、吸附和除杂、吸波材料和腐蚀防护等领域的应用.最后,讨论了聚吡咯纳米材料在一些新兴研究领域中面临的挑战和机遇.

In the past decade, nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) has been widely studied because of its many specific properties, which have obvious advantages over bulk-structured PPy. This review outlines the main structures, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, potential applications, and future prospects of PPy nanomaterials. The preparation approaches include the soft micellar template method, hard physical template method and templateless method. Due to their excellent electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, environmental stability and reversible redox properties, PPy nanomaterials have potential applications in the fields of energy storage, biomedicine, sensors, adsorption and impurity removal, electromagnetic shielding, and corrosion resistant. Finally, the current difficulties and future opportunities in this research area are discussed.

Because of its ight weight, flexibility, and good contact with electrode, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) has become a potential material for the development of electrochemical devices with high energy density, high safety and high flexibility, and has been paid extensive attention in recent years. However, defects such as low ionic conductivity and poor mechanical properties have also become the problems that limit its further commercialization. It is possible to solve these problems by forming a composite system of polymers by means of crosslinking, blending, copolymerization, etc. Therefore, in this paper, paper, the mechanism of ionic conductivity in polymers briefly introduced in order to explain the strategies to solve the above problems from the point of principle. Then, the applications and modification strategies of a variety of polymer-based composite electrolytes in electrochemical devices in recent years were reviewed. Finally, the problems of basic research and practical application faced currently by the composite SPEs were discussed and the solutions to these problems were given. It is hoped that this review can provide ideas for the design and preparation of future composite SPEs.

Stretchable ionic conductors are considerable to be the most attractive candidate for next-generation flexible ionotronic devices. Nevertheless, high ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, good self-healing capacity and recyclability are necessary but can be rarely satisfied in one material. Herein, we demonstrate a novel ionic conductor design, dynamic supramolecular ionic conductive elastomers (DSICE), via “phase-locked” strategy, wherein “locking soft phase” polyether backbone conducts lithium-ion (Li + ) transport and the combination of dynamic disulfide metathesis and stronger supramolecular quadruple hydrogen bonds in the hard domains contributes to the self-healing capacity and mechanical versatility. The dual-phase design performs its own functions and the conflict among ionic conductivity, self-healing capability, and mechanical compatibility can be thus defeated. The well-designed DSICE exhibits high ionic conductivity (3.77×10 −3 S m −1 at 30°C), high transparency (92.3%), superior stretchability (2615.17% elongation), strength (27.83 MPa) and toughness (164.36 MJ m −3 ), excellent self-healing capability (~99% at room temperature) and favorable recyclability. This work provides a new strategy for designing the advanced ionic conductors and offers promise for flexible iontronic devices or solid-state batteries.

As an environment-friendly polyester, polylactic acid (PLA) shows great potential market value. While it still faces some obstacles in large-scale practical application due to its brittleness. In this work, a novel strategy to improve the toughness of polylactic acid is developed. By adjusting processing temperature during the melt-blending process, thermoplastic polyurethane/poly (D-lactic) acid/poly (L-lactic) acid (TPU/PDLA/PLLA) ternary blends with different morphology are obtained. The experimental results show that the TPU in ternary blends formed a fibrillated micro-morphology, and the interfacial compatibility between the components is improved when the processing temperature is adjusted to 200 degrees C. Under the synergistic action of in-situ fibrillated TPU and stereocomplex (SC) crystals, the toughness of the ternary blends is improved significantly without sacrificing its own tensile strength. The maximum value of tensile strength, elongation at break, and fracture work of ternary blends are 61.9 MPa, 23.5%, and 1038.9 kJ/m(3), respectively. In addition, the melt strength of ternary blends was significantly improved, which is a benefit to their processing application.

To achieve facile fabrication of a flexible patterned film via electrohydrodynamic patterning (EHDP), a semiconducting photocurable resin (SCPR) was developed based on an optimized designed hyperbranched polymer and a photocurable monomer. It showed a low interface tension (34.185 mN/m), low viscosity (9.21 mPa.s), high dielectric constant (27.6), suitable conductivity (1.63 x 10(-5) S/cm), favorable wettability (a contact angle of 19.3 degrees), and film-forming property on an ITO-coated substrate. Benefitting from its excellent properties, a flexible patterned film with diverse micro-/nanostructures, including high-aspect ratio and/or small-feature-size pillar arrays, curvature-controllable aspheric microlens arrays, and hierarchical ordered pillar/pillar arrays, was rapidly manufactured via EHDP. Moreover, the characteristic wavelength decreased with the increasing applied voltage, decreasing electrode spacing, and increasing liquid film thickness, which was perfectly in accord with the leaky dielectric model of EHDP. This research provides an effective strategy for rapidly manufacturing a flexible patterned film with diverse micro-/nanostructures.

Polymer nanocomposite (PNC) has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its superior mechanical properties, outstanding lightness in weight, good thermal stability, and corrosion resistance ability, which are enabled by a variety of organic and/or inorganic nanofillers. Among all available inorganic nanofillers, glass ( SiO2 ) nanoparticles (GNPs) have been extensively employed at the forefront in the field of polymer nanocomposite due to their abundance and high-performance features. In recent years, electrospun glass nanofibers (EGNFs) have also been explored as new promising reinforcing fillers in PNCs. For both GNPs and EGNFs, surface modification has been repeatedly proved as a key to reach high performance epoxy-based PNCs due to intrinsic agglomeration of nanoscale fillers. This book chapter demonstrated the general strategy for surface modification of glass nanofillers and its effectiveness in strengthening the resultant epoxy nanocomposite.