Ag sintering has become a preferred die bonding method for power IC packages due to its exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. While it is widely recognized for its potential in high-power semiconductor applications, few research efforts have emerged that consider how the backside metallization films of the IC can enhance the sintering layer’s properties. This research focused on the enhancement of silver sintering for bonding of Cr/Ni/Ag and Cr/nanotwinned Ag-metallized film on silicon carbide (SiC) chips to direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates to investigate the beneficial effects of (111)-textured Ag nanotwinned films on the bonding strength increase and porosity reduction. Results reveal that the nanotwinned Ag films significantly reduce porosity and enhance bonding strength compared to conventional Cr/Ni/Ag films, under both pressurized and pressureless conditions. Implications for the improvements in reducing porosity and increasing bonding strength due to the nanotwin structure and further research are also discussed, opening new possibilities for advanced power electronic packaging technology.

Platinum (Pt) is often used as an electrocatalyst in the electrooxidation of ethanol. There have been many attempts to improve the catalytic properties of platinum-based catalysts to achieve satisfactory results. The solutions are manipulating the size and shape of Pt. In this study, Pt will be deposited using the square wave pulse deposition method at upper potential variations. The Pt samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results of SEM show that the morphology of Pt at potentials of 0.3 V, 0.5 V, and 1.0 V produces a dendritic nanothorn morphology, while 1.25 V and 1.50 V produce a nanoleaf morphology. The lowest charge transfer resistance value is at Pt1.0V with the smallest size. The highest yield of ethanol electrooxidation was at Pt1.0V reaching 8.82 mA/cm2.

In this study, Zn-doped Cu2O films were synthesized by electrodeposition technique in acidic (pH 4) and alkaline (pH 10) solution. Catalytic activity of the film was evaluated toward ethanol electrooxidation which was carried out using cyclic voltammetry technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the formation of cubic structure of Cu2O from both conditions. Morphological characterization conducted under a field-emission scanning electron microscope exhibited that Cu2O particles electrodeposited in the acidic condition were smaller compared to those obtained in the alkaline condition. The photoelectrochemical responses, which were recorded using a linear sweep voltammetry technique, showed that the highest photocurrent density was 31.5 mA.cm-2 that obtained at 0.76 V vs. Ag/AgCl using Zn-doped Cu2O film prepared in the acidic condition. The film also possesses a low resistance charge transfer as measured by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. These electrochemical characteristics resulted in a high catalytic performance of the Zn-doped Cu2O film on the ethanol electrooxidation as shown by the high anodic current of 22 mA.cm-2 at 0.968 V. These results indicated that the Zn-doped Cu2O film electrodeposited in the acidic condition has a good catalytic activity towards ethanol electrooxidation process.

This study focuses on the analyses of nano-twinned copper (Cu) films deposited through magnetron sputtering on silicon carbide (SiC) chips. The investigation encompasses the utilization of a chromium (Cr) adhesive layer coupled with varying voltage bias conditions. The goal is to comprehensively examine the influence of the adhesive layer and negative bias voltages, contributing to an enhanced understanding of materials engineering and bonding technologies for advanced applications. The formation of a nano-twinned structure and (111) surface orientation can be properly controlled by applied substrate bias. High-density nanotwinned structures were introduced into Cu films sputtered on SiC substrates with 82.3% of (111) orientation proportion at −150 V, much higher than the Cu film sputtered with another substrate bias. It is concluded that the sputtered Cu nanotwinned film formed with −150 V bias voltage has the potential to be employed as the interlayer for low-temperature direct bonding.

The Cu2O films were synthesized using the electrodeposition technique at room temperature. To investigate the phase, electrochemical properties, and photocatalytic activity of the Cu2O films, the duration of electrodeposition was varied. The catalytic activity of methylene blue (MB) photodegradation was studied. The X-ray diffraction measurement showed that single-phase Cu2O was successfully formed from the prepared films. Electrochemical properties analysis under visible light irradiation showed that a high photocurrent recorded by the linear sweep voltammetry technique was obtained from Cu2O synthesized with deposition time of 60 minutes. This result could be associated with the lowest resistance charge transfer of the sample compared to other deposition times measured using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. The catalytic activity showed that this Cu2O is the most effective photocatalyst, as it provides a 51.5% degradation of MB dye.

This research was conducted to develop a green synthesis method for zero valent iron (ZVI) preparation. The ZVI was synthesized by reacting FeCl2 with polyphenols extracted from kepok banana peels. This polyphenol extraction process was carried out using three different solvents, namely: water, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy test showed three main phenolic compounds contained in the banana peel extract, namely: 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 4-methoxy-2-vinylphenol, and 2-methoxy-5-vinylphenol. The optimum composition of FeCl2 and polyphenol was 3:2. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy data confirmed that the synthesized ZVI contains organic compounds having –OH and C=O groups which are assumed to be capping agents that can maintain stability. This has also been supported by the results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis where there are carbon atoms (C) and oxygen atoms (O) in ZVI. The ZVI particle size was uneven and form a compact solid. The largest particle size distribution of ZVI is in the range of 234.49 nm - 407.49 nm with the average size of ZVI beings 616.26 nm. The results of the XRD analysis have also confirmed the formation of a simple cubic ZVI with fine crystallite size of ca 26.64 nm.

In this paper, the photocatalytic responses of thin film Cu2O are reported terms of photocurrent and photodegradation performance. Cu2O was synthesised using an electrodeposition technique with different deposition times. The morphological and elemental analysis of Cu2O growth were performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, respectively. The photoelectrochemical response, which were determined using a linear sweep voltammetry technique, showed that the onset of the initial current photocurrent was at a lower potential and the photocurrent density of the deposit was higher with longer deposition times. A high photocurrent of 15.3 mA.cm−2 at a potential of 0.794 V was obtained from Cu2O prepared with 120 minutes of deposition. The catalytic impact of Cu2O on methylene blue photodegradation was highest, with degradation of 42.73%, at a deposition time of 120 minutes.

In this paper, electrodeposition and visible light photocurrent responses of Zn-doped Cu2O were reported. The electrodeposition process was conducted with different deposition time to study the growth of the Cu2O deposit. The structural investigation and elemental analysis were performed on an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer, respectively. The growth of Cu2O crystal was studied from the micrograph obtained using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The photoelectrochemical measurements conducted using linear sweep voltammetry technique show that the onset of initial current photocurrent shifted to a lower voltage and the photocurrent of the deposit rises with the increase of the Cu2O deposition time. This study shows the effect of electrodeposition time on the crystal growth and photocurrent response of the Cu2O.

The study of liquid crystal material is very interesting and has the opportunity as a smart material such as cholesteryl acrylate. Liquid crystal cholesteryl acrylate can be made shynthesized by Acryloiloxy Butyloxy Benzoate (ABB) precursor and cholesterol. Cholesteryl acrylate was polymerized by the ultraviolet curing (UV-Curing) method to keep the crystal structure stable. During the polymerization process some ingredients are added which can increase and regulate the formation of liquid crystal structure phases. Cholesteryl acrylate can be doped by adding conductive oxide in the form of nano particle scale Indium Tin Oxide (18 nm). The optimum conductivity results were 5.70 x 10(-7) S/m with the addition of ITO 10% w/w. The structure of the crystal phase formed can be directed by the addition of Polyethylene-blockPolyethylene Glycol during the UV-Curing process. The hydrophobic part of PE block will interact with hydrophobic liquid crystal molecules, while the hydrophilic part of the PEG block has a high affinity for the hydrophilic ITO electrode substrate. The added PE- b-PEG varies from 0.001 to 0.005 percent by weight of polymer cholesteryl acrylate composite. Conductance data is measured using LCR meters from a frequency of 50 Hertz to 5000 kHertz. The average conductance data for ITO is 0.09597838 S, cholesteryl acrylate is 5.20635 x 10(-6) S, the polymer cholesteryl acrylate composite with doped ITO is 4.58284 x 10(-6) S. When added PE-b-PEG 0,003 percent composite weight is obtained the highest average conductance data is 1.24234 x 10-5 S with an average conductivity value of 6.09 x 10-5 S/m. The varies composition of PE-b- PEG content is very influential to regulate the arrangement of crystals formed in electrical conductivity.

Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang berperan penting dalam kehidupan setelah udara, salah satu peran terpentingnya adalah untuk dikonsumsi. Namun, permasalahan yang sering terjadi adalah kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kualitas air minum khususnya isi ulang yang dikonsumsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas air minum isi ulang beberapa Rumah di RW 01 Kampung Cilember Desa Jogjogan Kecamatan Cisarua Kabupaten Bogor terhadap hasil uji sifat fisika dan derajat keasamannya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam pengambilan sampel air minum adalah metode sampel gabungan tempat atau integrated sampel, terdapat 20 rumah warga dilakukan pengambilan sampel air untuk diukur kualitas secara fisika (warna, bau, rasa, TDS dan suhu) dan secara kimia (pH atau derajat keasaman). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, terdapat 5 rumah yang memenuhi standar kualitas air minum isi ulang dari 20 rumah warga yang diuji. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari parameter standar yang berlaku dengan kisaran pH antara 6,5-8,5, TDS rata-rata 600-900 ppm, suhu ±3oC suhu udara, serta tidak memiliki bau, rasa, dan warna.

Anticipating the global trends of biodegradable plastic and its application to packaging industries, this study was conducted to prepare a seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) based biodegradable plastic blended with polysaccharides derived from various tropical fruit seeds which are abundantly available in Indonesia such as avocado, jack fruits and durian. The objective is to prepare an environmentally friendly and edible bioplastic. The various polysaccharides were obtained through extraction and the bioplastic blends were heated at 80°C for 30 minutes. The characterization conducted include mechanical properties, thermal and biodegradability analysis, spectral and surface analysis through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively.

This study aims to determine the effect of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Soluble soybean polysaccharides (SSPS) and to characterize it (water resistance and biodegradation test). This research was done by blending (mixing) PVA, SSPS, acetic acid, and maleic anhydride. From the results of infrared spectrum analysis on plastic films showed peaks in the area 1000-1100 cm-1 which indicates the absorption of polysaccharides. This plastic has an optimum water resistance in the ratio between 1:1 w/w (SSPS: PVA). Optimum biodegradation test results in the ratio of 1:1 w/w (SSPS: PVA). Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that water resistance and biodegradation reach optimal on composition 1:1 w/w (SSPS: PVA).