This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with the two Chinese Robotic systems versus the da Vinci Xi Surgical System. This prospective analytical study included 170 patients who underwent robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy between February 2023 to June 2024. The study included 85 patients who received treatment using two Chinese robotic systems (KangDuo SR 2000: KD-SR-2, EDGE MP1000) and 85 who underwent the da Vinci (DV) surgical system during the same period. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients and the intraoperative and follow-up results were compared between the groups. In our study, statistically significance (p < 0.05) were observed between the Chinese robotic group and the da Vinci group in terms of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and docking time. Among the 170 patients, there were no cases of positive surgical margins or major postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and docking time were statistically significant variables for evaluating the safety and effectiveness of both robotic systems. RAPN with Chinese robotic systems demonstrated comparable preoperative outcomes in selected parameters (operative time, blood loss, docking time) to the da Vinci system in this exploratory study.

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy without effective treatment due to limited knowledge of its development and tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and high-resolution spatial transcriptomics are employed to comprehensively investigate the development trajectories and the TME. The results revealed that PSCC cells mimicked the differentiation and tissue organization of normal penile epithelium, independent of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status. Notably, a spatial subtype, Tum_1, appeared at early stage of tumor differentiation and in tumor-normal boundary regions. This subtype exhibited enhanced basal-like and stemness features and showed high LAMC2 expression, which activated laminin-integrin signaling via ITGA6/ITGB4, promoting tumor invasiveness. Furthermore, the results indicated that HPV-positive basal stem-like neoplasms dampened the immune function of T cells and macrophages, promoting an immunosuppressive environment that facilitates tumor progression. Supporting this, the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma who have high expression of HPV-positive Tum_1 signatures derived greater benefit from PD-1 blockade therapy. In summary, the findings provide a comprehensive spatial landscape of the PSCC TME and suggest potential treatment approaches targeting laminin-integrin interaction and immunotherapy, especially in HPV-positive patients.

This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the Chinese surgical systems KangDuo-SR-2000 (KD-SR-2000) and EDGE MP1000 (MP1000) versus the Da Vinci Xi (DV-Xi) system, to explore viable alternative options to DV-Xi. This prospective, single-center, non-randomized clinical trial enrolled 261 patients who underwent RAPN or RARP from August 2023 to June 2024. All surgeries were performed by 3 surgeons. For RAPN, the primary outcome included surgical success, positive surgical margin (PSM), warm ischemia time (WIT) and conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery. The secondary outcome was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). For RARP, the primary outcome was surgical success without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery, and the secondary outcomes included PSM and urinary continence recovery at 4 weeks post-catheter removal. Baseline demographics were comparable across the KD-SR-2000 group (n = 88), EDGE MP1000 group (n = 59) and DV-Xi group (n = 114). No significant differences observed in primary and secondary outcomes. However, operation time and suture time per stitch were longer in Chinese surgical systems for both RAPN and RARP compared to DV-Xi, and estimated blood loss (EBL) is higher in RAPN. Subgroup analyses indicated that performance differences were primarily attributed to the KD-SR-2000, with no significant differences observed between the MP1000 and DV-Xi. No severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3) reported in any group. Chinese surgical systems provide a viable alternative, demonstrating non-inferiority compared to DV-Xi. ChiCTR2300074914; Registration Date: 2023-08-21.

Objective: To compare the perioperative outcomes between the MP1000 and da Vinci Xi surgical systems in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and examine the MP1000 learning curve. Methods: In this prospective single-center study, 90 patients undergoing RAPN were equally allocated to the MP1000 (n = 45) or da Vinci Xi (n = 45) groups. Perioperative outcomes were analyzed, and the learning curve was assessed for MP1000 group operative times. Results: All procedures were completed without positive surgical margins. Significant discrepancies were observed in operation time, docking time, and estimated blood loss (p < 0.05). Postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (day 2), length of stay, and complication rate showed no significant differences. The cumulative sum curve was best fit by the equation y=-0.0002x4+0.0568x3-3.6013x2+69.011x, and R2=0.8806, with peak at case 13, and is subsequently delineated into a learning group (1-13 cases) and a skilled group (14-45 cases). The two groups exhibited comparable baseline characteristics. Conclusion: The MP1000 system is effective for partial nephrectomies, with all cases completed effectively. Meanwhile, surgeons with prior experience using the da Vinci Xi system achieve proficiency with the MP1000 after 13 procedures.

AimPrevious research has shown a strong association between insulin resistance (IR) and both the onset and advancement of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This research focuses on examining the relationship between IR and all-cause mortality in individuals with DKD.MethodsThis study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning the years 2001 to 2018. Insulin resistance was assessed using reliable indicators (HOMA-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR). The relationship between IR indices and survival outcomes was evaluated through weighted multivariate Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling. To examine non-linear associations, the log-likelihood ratio test was employed, with piecewise regression models used to establish confidence intervals and identify threshold values. Diagnostic precision and efficacy were gauged using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Area Under the Curve (AUC) evaluations, and calibration plots. Moreover, to verify the consistency of our results, stratified analyses and interaction tests were conducted across variables including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), hypertension, and cardiovascular status.ResultsThis research involved a group of 1,588 individuals diagnosed with DKD. Over a median observation period of 74 months, 630 participants passed away. Using weighted multivariate Cox regression along with restricted cubic spline modeling, we identified non-linear associations between the four insulin resistance indices and all-cause mortality. An analysis of threshold effects pinpointed essential turning points for each IR index in this research: 1.14 for HOMA-IR, 9.18 for TyG, 207.9 for TyG-BMI, and 35.85 for METS-IR. It was noted that levels below these thresholds inversely correlated with all-cause mortality. In contrast, values above these points showed a significantly positive correlation, suggesting heightened mortality risks. The accuracy of these four IR metrics as indicators of all-cause mortality was confirmed through ROC and calibration curve analyses.ConclusionIn patients with DKD, an L-shaped association is noted between HOMA-IR and all-cause mortality, while TyG, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR exhibit U-shaped relationships. All four IR indices show good predictive performance.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important molecules and potential new targets for human cancers. This study investigates the function of lncRNA CTBP1 antisense RNA (CTBP1-AS) in prostate cancer (PCa) and explores the entailed molecular mechanism. Aberrantly expressed genes potentially correlated with PCa progression were probed using integrated bioinformatics analyses. A cohort of 68 patients with PCa was included, and their tumor and para-cancerous tissues were collected. CTBP1-AS was highly expressed in PCa tissues and cells and associated with poor patient prognosis. By contrast, tumor protein p63 (TP63) and S100 calcium binding protein A14 (S100A14) were poorly expressed in the PCa tissues and cells. CTBP1-AS did not affect TP63 expression; however it blocked the TP63-mediated transcriptional activation of S100A14, thereby reducing its expression. CTBP1-AS silencing suppressed proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of PCa cell lines, while its overexpression led to inverse results. The malignant phenotype of cells was further weakened by TP63 overexpression but restored following artificial S100A14 silencing. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CTBP1-AS plays an oncogenic role in PCa by blocking TP63-mediated transcriptional activation of S100A14. This may provide insight into the management of PCa.

目的:比较不同预防性膀胱灌注化疗方案对UTUC患者的OS、CSS、IVRFS的影响.方法:回顾性分析2010年至2020年在我院泌尿外科接受RNU手术的387例UTUC患者的临床病例资料.术后随访10年,观察生存情况,同时对于患者的临床病理相关性数据进行统计学分析,选择Log-rank检验和Kaplan-Meier法,单因素多因素生存分析选择Cox回归分析.结果:所有患者的中位年龄为67岁[四分位数范围(IQR):33-90岁],所有患者的中位随访时间为44个月[四分位数范围(IQR):3～140月].三组患者的基线资料方面没有显著差异.Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,灌注组与未灌注组间,未灌注组、单次灌注组、多次灌注组三组间的总体生存率(OS)均有显著差异(P＜0.000 1),三组间的肿瘤特异性存活率(CSS)有显著差异(P＜0.000 1),同样三组间的膀胱内无复发生存率(IVRFS)也有显著差异(P=0.005).未灌注组、单次灌注组与多次灌注组三组患者的1年,3年和5年的OS分别为85.3％、70.2％和61％vs 96.1％、84.1％和73.5％vs 96.8％、88.5％和84.3％.三组患者的1年,3年和5年的CSS分别为86.6％、73.6％和66.6％vs 97.4％、85.2％和74.4％vs97.8％、89.4％和 87％.三组患者的 1 年,3 年和 5 年的 IVRFS 分别为 95.2％、86.7％和 74.1％vs 98.5％、89.4％和81.1％vs 98.9％、94.7％和88％.结论:术后膀胱内化疗可以明显降低UTUC患者的膀胱内复发率,尤其是侵袭性或高度恶性的UTUC.此外,我们认为多次膀胱灌注的疗效可能优于单次灌注.

目的:探讨根治性肾输尿管切除术(radical nephroureterectomy,RNU)后高级别且淋巴结阴性上尿路尿路上皮癌(upper tract urothelial carcinoma,UTUC)患者的不同转移部位对预后的影响.方法:回顾性分析2010年2月至2020年12月355例哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院行RNU后病理证实为高级别且淋巴结阴性UTUC患者的临床资料,行预后相关因素的单因素及Cox比例风险回归模型多因素分析.结果:355例患者中77例(21.7％)出现转移,93例(26.1％)死亡,中位随访时间为45个月,中位年龄为67岁.肝脏、骨骼和多部位转移的中位生存时间(overall survival,OS)分别为6、6和5个月.Cox比例风险回归模型多因素分析显示,膀胱内复发(intravesical recurrence,IVR)、肿瘤大小≥2 cm、肿瘤病理分期＞T2期是患者转移的独立预测因素.结论:UTUC患者出现肝脏转移、骨转移和多部位转移相对较快,预后较差,而出现肺转移和淋巴结转移的预后相对较好.发生转移的晚期UTUC患者行同步放化疗、化疗联合免疫治疗的疗效优于未治疗、单独放疗和单独化疗者.

目的 比较达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜保留肾单位手术(robot-assisted laparoscopic nephron spar-ing surgery,RANSS)与后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术(retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery,RLNSS)治疗肥胖型早期肾癌患者的效果及对预后生存的影响.方法 选取我院泌尿外科2015年4月～2021年1月收治的拟行保留肾单位手术的肾癌患者103例,根据手术方式的不同分为RANSS组(49例)与RLNSS组(54例).对两组患者的基线资料、围术期状况及费用、术后并发症、肾功能[血肌酐(se-rum creatinine,sCr)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)]和生存预后等各项临床指标进行比较分析与随访.结果 RANSS组的热缺血时间(warm ische-mic time,WIT)、术中出血量、术后引流量、引流管留置天数、术后住院时间均小于 RLNSS 组,RANSS 组的手术时间、术中尿量、费用均大于RLNSS组(P＜0.05).两组患者的肛门排气时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前2周两组的sCr、eGFR比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术前2周两组的BUN比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后2周两组的sCr、BUN比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).RANSS组的术后复发转移率和肿瘤相关死亡率(4.1％,2.0％)均低于RLNSS组(9.3％,5.6％),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).RANSS组的3年总生存率与无病生存率(95.2％,95.2％)高于RLNSS组(84.8％,85.7％),两组的总生存曲线、无病生存曲线差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 RANSS是治疗肥胖型早期肾癌安全、可靠的术式.

Objective To identify the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation regulator genes linking prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and periodontitis (PD). Materials and Methods PD and TCGA-PRAD GEO datasets were downloaded and analyzed through differential expression analysis to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) deregulated in both conditions. Twenty-three m6A RNA methylation-related genes were downloaded in total. The m6A-related genes that overlapped between PRAD and PD were identified as crosstalk genes. Survival analysis was performed on these genes to determine their prognostic values in the overall survival outcomes of prostate cancer. The KEGG pathways were the most significantly enriched by m6A-related crosstalk genes. We also performed lasso regression analysis and univariate survival analysis to identify the most important m6A-related crosstalk genes, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built from these genes. Results Twenty-three m6A methylation-related regulator genes were differentially expressed and deregulated in PRAD and PD. Among these, seven (i.e., ALKBH5, FMR1, IGFBP3, RBM15B, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and ZC3H13) were identified as m6A-related cross-talk genes. Survival analysis showed that only the FMR1 gene was a prognostic indicator for PRAD. All other genes had no significant influence on the overall survival of patients with PRAD. Lasso regression analysis and univariate survival analysis identified four m6A-related cross-talk genes (i.e., ALKBH5, IGFBP3, RBM15B, and FMR1) that influenced risk levels. A PPI network was constructed from these genes, and 183 genes from this network were significantly enriched in pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, p53 signaling pathway, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Conclusion Seven m6A methylation-related genes (ALKBH5, FMR1, IGFBP3, RBM15B, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and ZC3H13) were identified as cross-talk genes between prostate cancer and PD.

Objective The study objective was to investigate the prognostic risk factors related to overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Patients were then divided into different risk groups (based on their number of prognostic risk factors), and specific postoperative treatment plans were formulated for patients in different risk groups. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 401 patients with UTUC who underwent RNU between 2010 and 2020. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of clinicopathological variables with prognosis among UTUC patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of patients in different risk groups (based on their number of prognostic risk factors) was conducted. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that sex (being male), LVI, pT stage (>pT2), and lack of postoperative intravesical instillation were independent risk predictors of shorter OS, CSS, RFS, and MFS (all P<0.05). Laparoscopic RNU was also associated with shorter OS, CSS, and MFS, but not with shorter RFS (P=0.068). After risk stratification, the 5-year OS, CSS, RFS, and MFS in the high-risk group were 42.3%, 46.4%, 41%, and 46%, respectively. Conclusions Sex (being male), LVI, pT stage (>pT2), and intravesical instillation were independent predictors of OS, CSS, RFS, and MFS for UTUC. All were risk factors, except for intravesical instillation, which was a protective factor. Additionally, laparoscopic RNU was an independent risk factor for OS, CSS, and MFS. Patients in the high-risk group may benefit greatly from adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Abstract Purpose: Metastatic recurrence takes place in more than 21.7% of patients with UTUC underwent RNU. Although metastatic recurrence suggested a poor prognosis, the effect of the specific recurrence site on prognosis is still to be discussed.Methods: According to a retrospective analysis on 355 patients who underwent RNU for high-grade, node-negative upper urothelial carcinoma in our hospital from 2010 to 2020. The result showed that no one received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. So, Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were then performed to assess predictors of metastatic recurrence as well as site-specific prognosis. In addition, Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were adopted for the estimation and comparison of the recurrence site-specific survival probabilities after metastatic recurrence.Results: Of 355 patients, 77 recurred during a median follow-up of 17 months. In multivariate analysis, IVR, tumor size, and pT-stage were significant predictors of metastatic recurrence. Metastatic recurrence was most common in bone and multiple sites, with less median survival time for liver recurrence and multiple site recurrence.Conclusion: A majority of patients with high-grade UTUC suffered from systematical recurrence after RNU. IVR, tumor size, and pT-stage are predictors of metastasis and recurrence. Besides, prevention of IVR after RNU may help improve the prognosis of patients with UTUC. Poor prognosis showed compared with other sites, liver, bone and multiple sites relapse relatively quickly. These findings are of great likelihood to contribute to the development of future site-specific treatment plans for recurrence. Plus, studying the genetic association of UTUC and elucidating the underlying mechanism of metastasis recurrence must be of paramount importance.

目的 观察长链非编码RNA UCA1 (lncRNA UCA1)和microRNA-506 (miR-506)在膀胱癌细胞系中的表达,探讨其对膀胱癌细胞增殖的影响及作用机制.方法 采用实时定量PCR方法检测lncRNAUCA1和miR-506在膀胱癌细胞(HT-1376,T24,5637)和正常膀胱细胞SV-HUC-1中的表达;采用CCK-8方法检测细胞增殖;采用Western blot方法检测EZH2的表达情况;采用荧光素酶报告基因技术检测miR-506对靶基因EZH2的调控作用.结果 在膀胱癌细胞系(HT-1376,T24,5637)中,lncRNA UCA1的表达量均明显高于正常膀胱细胞SV-HUC-1 (P ＜0.05);此外,在膀胱癌细胞系(HT-1376,T24,5637)中miR-506的表达量均明显降低,其中在T24膀胱癌细胞系中lncRNA UCA1和miR-506变化最明显;转染lncRNA UCA1 siRNA明显增加了降低膀胱癌T24细胞系中lncRNA UCA1水平,同时上调miR-506的含量;下调lncRNA UCA1后EZH2基因表达量降低(P＜0.05);与阴性对照相比,下调lncRNA UCA1明显抑制了膀胱癌T24细胞增殖(P＜0.05);荧光素酶报告基因技术检测结果表明miR-506可靶向调控EZH2的表达.结论 抑制lncRNA UCA1可通过上调miR-506的含量,从而下调EZH2的表达,最终抑制膀胱癌T24细胞的增殖能力.

We aimed to discover the potential microRNA (miRNA) targets and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

目的:研究在腺行膀胱炎(cystitis glandularis,CG)以及膀胱癌(bladder carcinoma,BC)中livin和caspase-9的表达,探讨腺性膀胱炎与膀胱癌可能存在的关系.方法:收集哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院2014年1月～2014年10月住院患者60例组织石蜡标本,应用SP(streptavidin-perosidase)法检测livin和caspase-9在腺性膀胱炎组织(30例)、膀胱癌组织(30例)和正常组织(30例)中的表达.结果:正常膀胱、CG和BC组织中livin阳性表达率分别为0/30,9/30(30％)和14/30(46.67％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);caspase-9在正常膀胱、CG和BC组织中的阳性表达率分别20/30(66.67％),15/30(50％),3/30(10％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:腺性膀胱炎可能是正常膀胱组织向膀胱腺癌发展的一个中间阶段,在CG向BC发展过程中livin和caspase-9的异常表达具有普遍性,临床上应积极治疗并密切随访,并可将livin和caspase-9作为诊断早期膀胱癌的检测指标.

Objective: To report the successful experience of the laparoscopic radical nephrectomy after neoadjuvant targeted therapy implemented to patients with the renal carcinoma complicated with vena cava tumor thrombus, followed by an exploration of the efifcacy of neoadjuvant targeted therapy and the therapeutic schedule.Methods: A 52 year old woman who was examined of right renal lesion for one month through the physical examination was hospitalized in our hospital in September 2012. ThePET-CT showed an 11.9 cm×8.1 cm tumor in the middle and lower part of the right kidney. It was veriifed as the renal carcinoma complicated with the vena cava tumor thrombus (Mayo II).Percutaneous biopsy conifrmed it clear cell carcinoma of kidney. Sunitinib 4/2 with 50 mg a day was used for patients for eleven weeks. 2 weeks after suspending, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was implemented to the patient.Imaging evaluation was performed again before the operation.The follow-up survey was carried out.Results:After neoadjuvant treatment, CT scan revealed 27.73% size reduction of renal tumor, with only 8.6 cm×5.4 cm. Intravenous tumor embolus was obviously reduced (Mayo I).According to RECIST criteria, the objective response was partial remission of disease(PR).Nephrectomy was successfully performed under general anesthesia.Pathology report revealed that renal clear cell carcinoma was with major necrosis in primary tumor. During one year of post-operative follow-up, there was no recurrence and metastasis.Conclusion:Neoadjuvant Sunitinib treatment could result in the shrinking of primary tumor and tumor thrombi of vena, reducing the risk of surgery and improving the success rate of surgery, thus eventually improving patients overall survival rate.

目的:探讨肾癌患者异常增高的凝血指标、静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)发生率与临床分期的关系,分析肾癌患者血液高凝状态的临床特征.方法:对2010年至2012年335例住院的肾癌患者Fib、D-D、BPC水平进行检测并筛查发生VTE的患者.结果:335例肾癌患者中,异常Fib、D-D、BPC的发生率分别为20.6％、9.9％、6.6％,且随着肾癌分期的增加,凝血指标异常的发生率逐渐升高,各分期之间比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05);VTE的发生率为2.2％,Ⅳ期肾癌患者最高为1.2％,且各分期之间比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).年龄≥60岁、肿瘤最大径＞10 cm、临床分期晚、伴有远处转移的肾癌患者血液高凝的发生率分别显著高于年龄＜60岁、肿瘤最大径＜10 cm、临床分期早、不伴有远处转移的肾癌患者(P＜0.05).结论:年龄≥60岁、肿瘤最大径＞10 cm、临床分期晚、伴有远处转移可能是肾癌患者发生血液高凝状态和VTE的危险因素,应引起临床重视.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in anti-renal cell carcinoma (RCC) immunity. The aim of the study was to investigate effect of mimic RCC microenvironment on phenotype and function of DCs. We isolated conditioned media (CM) from supernatants of culturing RCC cells and adjacent non-RCC cells in patients. CD14+ monocytes were obtained from healthy donors. The monocytes derived DCs were treated by RCC CM and non-RCC CM. Maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR on DCs were analyzed using flow cytometry, while the levels of IL-10, TGF-β, and IL12p70 in supernatants were examined by ELISA. The DCs migration treated with RCC CM and non-RCC CM was investigated using transwell assay. The DCs treated and allogenic T cells were co-cultured for detecting T-cell proliferation and change of phenotype on the T cells. Our results indicated that RCC CM inhibited the up-regulation of CD80,CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR in response to LPS in treated DCs and increased IL-10 and TGF-β secretion but reduced IL12p70 production. Moreover, the migration ability of DCs treated with RCC CM was also inhibited, compared to DCs treated with adjacent non-RCC CM. In addition, T-cell proliferation was suppressed in co-culture assay with DCs treated with RCC CM; proportion CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were induced to increase. This study suggests that RCC CM can inhibit maturation of DCs and impair its function; moreover, DCs treated with RCC CM induce regulatory T cells increase, thus could contribute RCC escape from antitumor immunity.

Ribavirin is an anti-viral drug; however, recent data suggest that it may also be effective in cancer therapy. This study investigated the effect of ribavirin alone or in combination with IFN-α on biological processes: proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of murine (Renca) and human renal carcinoma (RCC) cells (786–0) in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) in young adults. Methods: Data of 62 young adults with RCC with age under 40 years from 1993 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively,and 70 patients older than 40 were as controsl. Results: The stage of the young group was significantly higher than that of the old group(P<0.05).There was no difference between the tow groups of pathological phases and tissue types.3- and 5- year survial rates were 70% and 58%,respectively.The survial rates of young group were lower than the old group. Conclusion: In young population,RCC is difficult to diagnose because of occult symptoms at early stage,characterized by higher malignancy,and with poor prognosis.