Bearings are crucial components of induction motors (IMs) and are highly susceptible to faults or failures due to severe operating and environmental conditions. Consequently, accurate identification of bearing faults is essential for ensuring the reliable operation of IMs. The aim of this manuscript is to systematically review and evaluate diverse techniques for diagnosing bearing faults, emphasizing their effectiveness and evolution through the analysis of vibration signals. This article conducts a comprehensive and systematic review of 232 research documents focused on techniques commonly used to detect bearing defects in IMs based on vibration signals. In addition, the manuscript offers an analysis of research trends in vibration signal processing, feature extraction and reduction methods, and machine learning-based techniques for bearing fault diagnosis. The study demonstrates that advanced time–frequency methods for vibration feature extraction, when integrated with feature reduction techniques and machine learning tools, provide effective results for bearing fault diagnosis. Furthermore, emerging techniques such as deep learning algorithms, graph embedding methods, edge computing, and generative adversarial networks (GANs) enhance the accuracy of bearing defect diagnosis. This review manuscript broadly analyzed recent advancements in bearing fault diagnosis of three-phase IMs using vibration signal analysis, highlighting key trends in signal processing, feature extraction and reduction, and machine learning techniques. It provides valuable insights for developing more intelligent and reliable diagnostic approach in future industrial applications.

This paper presents two novel direct current (DC) topologies for Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM)-based wind energy conversion systems (WECS), referred to as the Phase-Short and Phase-Open DFIM-DC configurations. The proposed architectures enable direct DC excitation of the DFIM rotor, eliminating the need for conventional AC-DC-AC back-to-back converters and significantly simplifying control strategies. A 1-hp, 380 V, 50 Hz DFIM is used in both topologies, validated under varying wind profiles. In the grid-connected configuration, a three-phase uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier on the stator side feeds a buck DC-DC converter operating under maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. For autonomous operation, rotor-side voltage control is achieved using a single buck converter. The rotor is interfaced via a resistive network to realize configurable phase-short and phase-open modes. Converter components include a 10.24 mH inductor and 200 μF capacitor for the grid mode, and a 1.2 mH inductor and 45 μF capacitor for autonomous operation. MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validations confirm the system's ability to maintain voltage regulation (120 V DC) and rapid dynamic response across sub-, super-, and synchronous speeds. These simplified topologies reduce converter count, improve power density, and enable scalable integration into DC microgrids.

This paper investigates the stability and sensitivity analysis of a high-gain quasi-Z source DC-DC converter with circuit parasitics featuring a single-switch topology, a common ground between load and source, and capacitors with low voltage stress while achieving high voltage gain. It also analyses nonlinear controller implementation utilizing the indirect integral sliding mode control considering the impact of circuit parasitics for enhanced converter stability and damped oscillation. The utilization of a sliding mode controller for the nonlinear controller is examined, where parasitics are observed to damp oscillations and enhance converter stability. A comprehensive stability analysis is conducted and validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Experimental verification is carried out through the TMS320F28379D DSP board, with a 240W Quasi-Z Source Converter prototype developed for validation.

This paper presents a closed-loop PI-controlled boost converter analyzed under two distinct nonlinear scenarios: saturation & dead zone & its constraints. It incorporates duty cycle limits as saturation, while the dead zone captures regions where small control signals produce no response. Simulation shows that despite the different nonlinearities, the PI controller ensures fast voltage tracking, zero steady-state error & robust converter operation, providing insight into realistic challenges in power electronic control. Matlab is used for simulation purposes.

Traditional electric vehicle (EV) chargers typically employ a dual-stage configuration to achieve a significant step-down in voltage, which results in discontinuous input current and compromised efficiency. This paper has proposed a single-stage, single-phase high step-down bifold converter featuring synchronous rectification and ripple mitigation to address these challenges. By regulating the intermediate bus voltage (IBV) to provide only half of the output voltage, the converter ensures continuous input current with a near-unity power factor. A highly efficient 1.55KW prototype, converting from 230V AC and PV panel to 48V DC, has been developed, simulated and analyzed using MATLAB. The charger's performance has been rigorously analyzed and harmonic compensator has been introduced to eliminate ripple components causing improvements in efficiency and reduction in THD along with operational stability.

The & Cacute;uk converter is extensively utilised across various applications for its capability to handle a wide range of input voltages and efficiently perform both voltage step-up and step-down conversions. However, the presence of parasitic elements, such as inductor winding resistance, capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) and losses in switches and diodes, significantly impacts the converter's performance, stability and efficiency. This paper addresses these challenges by analysing the effects of non-idealities in & Cacute;uk converters operated under closed-loop voltage mode control. A detailed mathematical model of a 12 V to 24 V & Cacute;uk converter is developed to evaluate the influence of parasitic elements and their interactions within the control system. This model provides valuable insights into the complexities introduced by these non-idealities and serves as a foundation for designing more resilient control strategies. To ensure output voltage stability and improved dynamic performance, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is employed with parameters optimised using the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method. The proposed control strategy is validated through MATLAB (R) simulations, showcasing its effectiveness in countering the adverse effects of parasitics. The results indicate a stable operation with a steady-state error of less than 1%, a peak overshoot of 6.31%, a rise time of 6.21 ms and a settling time of 37.4 ms. This work contributes to enhancing closed-loop voltage mode control strategies for non-ideal & Cacute;uk converters, offering practical solutions to improve their reliability and efficiency in real-world applications.

With the application of renewable energy systems in power systems and EV segment, boost converters become interesting and viable option as DC DC Converters. Its efficiency is affected by its design and due to it soft switching techniques (ZVS and ZCS) plays major role. In the present paper ZVS boost converter is designed in detail and its performance is shown in open loop. Further PI controller is designed for conventional boost converter and ZVS boost converter performance is checked for load regulation. MATLAB R2023a version is used for validation of proposed methodology. It has been found that proposed boost converter is working well under different operating conditions.

High-gain charging of electric vehicles (EVs) has become an important research topic in recent years. This article proposes a fifth-order combination of inductor, capacitor, and diode (L-C-D cell)-based nonideal quasi-Z-source boost converter (QZSBC) for charging EVs. It is derived from a conventional Z-source converter and features a single-switch structure, a shared ground between load and source, low-voltage stress on capacitors, and high-voltage gains. Detailed examination involving steady-state and small-signal models is formulated, investigating various performance aspects. A fixed frequency indirect integral sliding mode controller (FFIISMC) is employed to design a robust controller to mitigate the disturbances in the presence of uncertainties. The controller design comprises a duty-ratio feedforward control unit to reduce controller burden and a sliding function-based feedback unit for stability. A surface includes direct and indirect mode control for better stability and response under FFIISMC. Compared with existing voltage/current mode control, the proposed controller can achieve lower current ripple and better stability for QZSBC when load and line disturbances are significantly high. MATLAB simulations confirm the controller's performance in achieving regulation objectives. TMS320F28379D DSP board is used for controller implementation and 240-W QZSBC prototype is developed for experimental verifications.

In this article, a novel fifth order two switch tristate quasi-Z-source boost converter (TQZBC) topology is proposed. It features a two-switch structure, a shared ground between load and source, low voltage stress and achieves high voltage gains corresponding to conventional DC-DC quasi-Z-source converters. With tristate configuration peak inductor current is reduced by incorporating a freewheeling interval through an simple switching control technique at the end of inductor charging state. Detailed examination involving steady-state and small-signal models is formulated for TQZBC and compared with those conventional boost converters, investigating various performance aspects. Simulations confirm the controller's performance in achieving regulation objectives. All theoretical findings are verified experimentally using TMS320F28379D DSP board for converter switching implementation and 240 W, 48 V to 120 V TQZBC prototype is developed.

The inherent variability and the sporadic and unpredictable nature of solar irradiance limit the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) arrays in consistently achieving maximum power output. This paper addresses the technical challenge of enhancing power extraction efficiency from PV systems by implementing and conducting a comparative study of various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The various algorithms which are considered for analysis purpose are perturb and observe algorithm (P&O), incremental conductance algorithm (INC) and fuzzy logic-based algorithm (FLC). The objective is to identify the most effective algorithm to maintain PV array operation near its maximum power point (MPP) under dynamic environmental conditions. The methodology involves configuring a direct current (DC) DC-DC converter with precise duty cycle adjustments to optimise energy conversion and transfer. Additionally, the extracted energy is directed to a battery or energy storage unit via a secondary converter. The system is simulated in MATLAB (R) to test and compare the performance of different MPPT algorithms. This facilitates the determination of which algorithm most efficiently optimises power extraction from the PV system.

This work presents the modelling and control of a fourth-order DC-DC converter for a two-wheeler electric vehicle battery charging application and discusses the significance of IoT in the field of power electronics. The rising trend of the Internet of Things (IoT) will drive significant transformations and evolve a new generation of power electronics (Power Electronics 2.0). A small-scale experimental prototype is fabricated of 120 W rated power has and control by DSP Texas Instruments F28379D board. This paper describes the modelling of the DC-DC ZETA converter, using the State Space Averaging (SSA) technique in the presence of parasitic elements. PI controller is implemented to control the output voltage. The dynamic model and calculated parameters of the PI controller are investigated through MATLAB R2021a. Performance analysis has been done to check the robustness of the proposed converter keeping into account input voltage, reference voltage and load distribution variation. Experimental investigations has been done and compared with simulated results to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed work.

This paper proposes a novel configuration for a multiport boost converter (MPBC) with a single inductor (SI), accounting for equivalent series resistances (ESRs) and minimizing input switching stress. The MPBC performance is evaluated and compared with other established topologies. The proposed MPBC interfaces two unidirectional input DC power ports and a rechargeable port for an energy storage element (ESE) with two output ports. The design integrates two renewable sources with the ESE as a third source. One output is for higher voltage, linked to a single-phase inverter for AC loads. The other output is for lower DC voltage, used for DC loads. The configuration can be adjusted based on requirements. This converter has numerous applications in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and agriculture. The steady-state and small signal modeling of MPBC has been done to derive the mathematical expressions for analyzing stability, stresses (both voltage and current), and performance considering ESRs. A 240 W, MPBC is fabricated along with improved switching strategies using DSP TMS320F28379D. Experimental and simulation results are compared to show the effectiveness of proposed scheme on stability, stresses, and efficient power transfer. Output power is regulated effectively by sharing the input power thereby reducing voltage stress on switches.

The Input Parallel Output Series (IPOS) Full-Bridge DC-DC converter offers significant advantages over the conventional Full-Bridge converter by connecting multiple modules in parallel on the input side and in series on the output side. This configuration enhances voltage gain, improves overall efficiency, reliability, and scalability. MATLAB simulations are carried out to demonstrate the IPOS converter's superior performance in terms of voltage output and efficiency. Additionally, the IPOS design provides enhanced redundancy; if one module fails, the others continue to operate, ensuring uninterrupted performance. This makes the IPOS Full-Bridge converter ideal for applications in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and other high-performance power management scenarios.

The Cuk converter is widely recognized in various applications for its capability to effectively manage a broad spectrum of input voltages and proficiently perform voltage step-up or step-down conversions. Nevertheless, the inclusion of parasitic elements, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors, has a substantial impact on the operational characteristics, stability, and efficiency of the converter. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the impact of parasitic elements on non-ideal Cuk converters that are controlled using closed-loop voltage mode techniques. This research investigates the complexities of the Cuk converter, specifically examining the difficulties presented by parasitic components such as the resistance in the inductor winding, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) in the capacitor, and the losses in switches and diodes. This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model that elucidates the interconnectedness of the parasitic elements related to closed-loop voltage mode control. This model contributes to the overall intricacy of the system. The model's efficacy in reducing the effects of these factors and guaranteeing stable and efficient converter performance is evidenced by validation through simulation. The present study offers substantial advancements in the enhancement of closed-loop voltage mode control techniques for non-ideal Cuk converters, resulting in a reduction of the steady state error to a level below 1%.

This paper addresses the analytical modeling of multiport flyback converters, which are governed by linear differential–algebraic equations. The modeling of these converters poses a challenge due to the switching between multiple such equations that govern the circuit’s behavior. The study emphasizes the importance of robust control strategies for addressing the non-idealities in flyback converters. Using MATLAB/Simulink, a dynamic model of the converter is developed. A comparison is made between a Lyapunov function-based controller, a linear proportional integrator controller, and an integral sliding mode controller. The controller consists of two main parts: a duty-ratio feedforward control unit for steady-state parameters and a Lyapunov function-based feedback control unit to handle disturbances. The feedforward control signal helps reduce the workload on the Lyapunov feedback controller. This control system ensures global exponential stability of the closed-loop system, enabling a swift transient response even under line and load disturbances. Mathematical simulations demonstrate its superior performance and stability, while experimental validations are conducted considering equivalent series resistances of each component. The proposed model and control scheme are further validated through a hardware prototype tested under various load and line disturbances. This research highlights the necessity of stress testing and performance evaluation for ensuring smooth and efficient operation of controlled multiport flyback converters across diverse conditions.

This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the mathematical modelling and control of a single input dual output (SIDO) step-up and step-down voltage converter. The focus of this study is on achieving optimal voltage gain while addressing challenges such as load variation and line variation. A detailed mathematical model of the SIDO converter is developed to understand its behaviour under varying operating conditions. The study emphasizes the analysis of voltage gain characteristics, the converter's performance in the presence of load variations and line variations. To enhance the converter control and stability, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller method is employed. The PI controller is designed and optimized to achieve efficient regulation of the output voltages, ensuring stability and improved response to dynamic load and input voltage changes. MATLAB simulations of the proposed control strategy demonstrate enhanced voltage regulation, reduced output voltage ripples, and improved transient response. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding and application of SIDO converters in power electronics, offering a valuable approach for efficient power conversion in various systems.

This paper presents the modelling of a second-order DC-DC converter using the State Space Averaging (SSA) technique in the presence of non-idealities of active and passive components, especially source resistance, which researchers ignore. The resolvent matrix of the linearised state-space model needs to be calculated to acquire the small signal transfer function of a DC-DC buck converter. Therefore, this paper introduces a simple systematic approach to obtain the resolvent matrix. This approach is derived from Leverrier's Algorithm. The conventional matrix inversion formula for acquiring a resolvent matrix is cumbersome, whereas this method is quite efficient. To demonstrate the implementation of this algorithm, duty cycle-to-output voltage and input voltage-to-output voltage transfer functions of second-order buck converter are acquired. A PI controller is also implemented in the DC-DC converter to synchronize its output voltage with input voltage and load disturbances. The tuning of the PI controller parameter is done using the Ziegler-Nichols method. At last, these studies are verified through MATLAB Simulation.

In induction machines, the predominant challenge has been the significant temperature rise, which determines the state of maximum loading. The paramount objective is to achieve optimal capacitive braking, ensuring swift motor deceleration with minimal heat generation, thus highly applicable in scenarios necessitating frequent and rapid stops. This study presents an advanced braking scheme for threephase induction motors, effectively remedying the limitations of conventional capacitor braking systems. Consequently, the need for a complex and extensively explored multi-stage braking strategy, previously employed by numerous scholars, is obviated. The thorough analysis encompasses diverse parameters such as torque, braking time, and terminal capacitance. Power flow calculations scrutinize transient and steady-state braking, encompassing the power transfer from the input terminal to the shaft. The thermal consequences and effects on winding parameters due to sudden braking are also meticulously examined within the Simulink environment. The braking system's performance is evaluated, while a neural network estimates the efficacy limit of capacitive braking. This comprehensive paper encompasses electrical and thermal modelling and implements an enhanced capacitor braking mechanism for induction motors in Simulink.

Photo-Voltaic Emulator (PVE) is a nonlinear power supply with voltage-current characteristics similar to those of a real PV panel. It provides a simpler and more efficient solution while maintaining output comparable to the considered PV panel in laboratory setup in a less expensive and faster mode. Based on the test bench requirements, this paper provides a framework to use during the design stage. This will be useful when installing solar panels in remote areas where testing is difficult. The closed loop control determines the operation of PVE on three main operating points. The work is original since it utilizes different reference models on the same PVE with conventional and hybrid controllers to improve performance indices.

A new simplified design of digital tachometer has been proposed wherein a photo diode takes place of shaft encoder. For the computation stage, new method has been proposed for extraction of shaft rotation from output signal of sensing element. The computation circuit has been further simplified by eliminating counter operation. Unlike conventional tachometer, the proposed design do not require sensing element to derive power by pressing against the motor shaft. It has been experimentally verified that use of proposed hardware structure could result in instantaneous availability of shaft rotation which is fastest among the computation time reported by various researchers. Instantaneous availability of motor speed can effectively increase the computation efficiency and transient analysis capability in feedback control of motor control scheme.