钢铁生产主要以热态加工为主,常规对此复杂能源系统的审视往往是以热能的角度,着眼于余热(能)回收与能量梯级利用.采用新的视角,以电能的视角,结合节能减排新形势,按源头、供给与分配、使用三个环节剖析钢铁企业的节能优化,提出了钢铁企业电系统源、网、荷综合优化的系统观点,并对其中涉及的技术及进一步发展的方向进行综述.

An energy intensive enterprise (EIE) usually is a large electrical energy consumer with a definite flexible demand, and many EIEs have built their own industrial power plants.In consideration of the response behaviors of power generation and consumption of an EIE under time-of-use (TOU) price implemented by the utility,the effect of power prices on behaviors of power generation scheduling and load scheduling is discussed.Then,an integrated power generation and load scheduling model for daily operations of an EIE is presented.In the case study,the response behaviors of an EIE is demonstrated,and the price signal that can promote the EIE being studied to shift loads to valley hours and generate more power during peak hours is also discussed.When designing and implementing price-based demand response programs,the utility can take the unit cost of self generation and unit cost of load shifting of an EIE into account,thereby obtaining win-win solutions for both EIE and utility.

针对高耗能企业关口平衡问题的多解性特点,提出了关口平衡双目标规划模型,以研究关口平衡合格率、关口流量和机组出力波动性之间的关系。采用线性规划对关口平衡问题进行建模分析,以整个调度周期内不满足关口平衡条件的关口流量惩罚值总和最小作为模型的第一优化目标,并引入整个调度周期内机组调节量惩罚值总和最小作为第二优化目标,分别采用线性加权求和法和分层序列优化法对该双目标优化模型进行求解。基于国内某大型钢铁企业数据的实验结果表明,双目标规划模型能够在不增加关口流量惩罚值总和的情况下,有效减少机组出力波动。

Electricity consumption forecast is very important for both suppliers and large consumers. The electricity consumption of a large enterprise is different from the regional grid, especially for an energy intensive enterprise (EIE). This paper investigates the daily electricity consumption forecast of an EIE by the operating condition. By observation, the electricity consumption is related to maintenance duration and production quantity. And through verification, the relationship is linear. Therefore, the production plan and maintenance schedule can be considered as the input of the forecast model. After the preliminary selection of the feature set, the Nonnegative Least Squares (NNLS) method is applied to build a linear regression model with nonnegative coefficients. In addition to NNLS, a new feature selection method based on correlation analysis and greedy search is applied to select the relevant input features on the available items of the production and maintenance schedule, which has greatly improved the efficiency of feature selection, and decreased the influence of multicollinearity and local optimum. By using the real data from a typical modern large steel corporation, numerical test results show that results obtained by the NNLS are rational, and the improvement of forecast results are obvious in several evaluation criteria.

Reducing electricity cost is important for energy intensive enterprises (EIEs) with self generation power plant, like iron and steel plants. Such an EIE integrates power generation, power consumption and energy storage into a unified whole, and become an enterprise microgrid. Recent methods considering only load scheduling or only power generation scheduling cannot get the minimum total electricity cost. In this paper, an integrated optimization model for generation and batch production load scheduling in EIE is researched to get the minimum electricity cost, without violating constraints of production process. Linearization techniques are utilized to duel with nonlinear factors of the model. Then, mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used for model solution. The case study of an iron and steel plant shows that the model is effective under a time-of-use (TOU) tariff implemented by the utility.

In iron and steel enterprises, the consumption of compressing air systems account for about 5% -15% of the total enterprise power consumption. To improve the systems' Energy efficiency is essential for the enterprise's energy-saving. From the analysis of iron and steel enterprises of compressed air, compressed air energy saving potential of the iron and steel enterprises is discussed, corresponding countermeasures are proposed, and Baosteel's energy saving in compressing air system is described in this paper.

焦炉煤气是炼焦的副产品,作为钢铁企业中重要的二次能源,通常作为燃料使用.由于焦炉煤气排水中含有酚、萘等有毒物质,钢铁企业一般会在煤气管道沿途分段设置酚水收集坑,定期通过槽车将废水送至废水站.但这种收集方式存在以下弊端:在煤气管道水封封水作业期间,为确保煤气的可靠切断,需保证工业水长时间溢流,造成严重浪费;由于酚水坑的容积较小,水封落水作业期间,经常造成酚水外溢,污染环境.

Motors are widely used in various fields.To promote the application of energy saving technology in Baosteel,the high efficiency motor replacement planning is put forward.The renewal motors are 3 ~ 355KW,running time 5000 hours and above.Electricity power saving per year will be 20000 MWh.

Compressed air is very important and used in steel production throughout the entire processes.Compressed air system costs about 5%~15% of the total electric power consumption of iron and steel enterprises.Therefore,to discuss and research the energy-saving measures is very necessory in this system.By comparing the domestic and international compressed air systems in iron and steel enterprises,in this paper,the steel company's compressed air system operation status and energy-saving technologies are analyzed and discussed,and several key directions of energy saving are pointed out.At last,Baosteel compressed air system energy status and countermeasures are described.

Reducing distribution system losses,improving power conversion efficiency and the utilization of resources is the key issues of energy-saving in iron and steel enterprises.The fundamental purpose of construction smart grid in iron & steel enterprises is how to improve utilization of the company's energy.The key technologies of intelligent distribution network in iron & steel complex are distribution network power-saving technology,efficient energy conversion technology,demand-side power generation technology,energy saving technology and smart grid information management technology,and so on.

Efficiency power plant (EPP) is an important means to promote energy saving,which can help to improve the power grid stability and economy at the same time.In this paper,based on the concept of EPP,development of EPP in iron steel enterprises is discussed.According to the electric energy dissipation,measures are proposed in the iron and steel plant EPP construction,and issues which need to be payed attention to are discussed and analyzed.

The concept that Smart grid is the future direction of power grid has been a broad consensus around the world.It is of great significance for building the smart power supply and distribution network in iron steel enterprise based on the research of smart grid.This paper describes the development of smart power network and its characteristics,and according to the specific characteristics and needs of steel companies on the smart grid,a preliminary discussion and analysis is provided.

Shanghai Baosteel Co., Ltd. is a large, high-energy-consuming enterprise.EPC is the innovation to carry out energy-saving management system. The article overviews the concept, type, advantages of EPC, and national preferential policies to carry out EPC projects. Baoshan Iron and Steel Company focuses on the circumstances to carry out EPC and results achieved, analyzes key factors of EPC projects, problems, proposes recommendations for other domestic steel companies to carry out the EPC.

Power quality has important significance on stable running of iron and steel enterprises.As a key issue in power quality,voltage dropping issue is increasingly to be concerned.Since 2005,there are many voltage dropping accidents caused by external power grid failures in Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.From the practice of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd,the related issues about the voltage dropping are analyzed and discussed and some measures to prevent the voltage dropping are given.

In the smart grid environment, appropriate power energy exchange strategies will be necessary for energy intensive industries (EIIs) with industrial power plants. This paper presents a systematic approach that can cope with the integration of industry consumers and an energy exchange strategy aiming at achieving balance between power production and consumption in EIIs. A basic balance model using Linear Programming (LP) is built and the generation levels of thermal units are obtained. The solution is further improved to provide a more smooth power output curve. The ramping constraints of thermal units are addressed to ensure the result obtained is energy realizable. Penalty terms are also introduced in the objective function to reduce the level of power energy exchange between EII and the grid. Finally, numerical tests are performed and the simulation results for a real system suggest that the method presented is effective.

Steel enterprise should adjust production at any time,according to the market demand,in order to maximize the economic benefits.The paper discussed energy saving management measures of power supply and distribution system under different steel production modes,including adjusting load curve,optimizing transformer operation,arranging inspection reasonably,stopping power quality control equipment and so on,which had great importance in dynamically making energy saving management measures of enterprise power supply and distribution system.

Reactive power compensation is an important general power saving application to improve the power factor and reduce electricity load power loss. Reactive power compensation technology applied in Baosteel second material substation is mainly discussed and analyzed, and energy-saving benefits are calculated, which have important reference meanings for power substation reactive power compensation problems in the similar industrial enterprises.

In industry enterprises,lots of energy is consumed by compressed air system,.According to energy saving topics in compressed air system,conservation technologies are analyzed and compared,and its development in china is discussed in this paper.

Although the distribution transformer has high energy conversion efficiency, the number of the transformer is large in power supply and distribution network with a larger energy conservation space. This paper analyzes the eliminating and updating of distribution transformers in Baosteel and the status quo distribution transformers. The specific issues were discussed about the eliminating and updating of distribution transformers in the company. The analysis has important reference value for similar high consumption transformer business.

宝钢二原料变电站的无功补偿的必要性分析 1.二原料变电站改造前现状 二原料变电站是宝钢三期设计生产、投运至今的变电所,共设有3台10 kV/3.15 kV,容量16 MV·A,Ud=6.5%的变压器,3 kV母线为单母四分段接线.