Este artículo explora la afinidad electiva de más de tres siglos entre los grupos indígenas cayubabas y los pano-hablantes de la Amazonía boliviana, como los chacobos y pacaguaras. Propone releer la etnohistoria pano en clave cayubaba, identificando cuatro episodios diagnósticos que iluminan las transformaciones de esa conexión interétnica: 1) En la historia misional de finales del siglo XVIII, los cayubabas acogieron, apadrinaron y adoptaron a los pacaguaras, facilitando su integración en las misiones jesuitas. 2) Durante el auge del caucho, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, la etnohistoria revela una inversión de roles: los cayubabas, considerados indígenas “civilizados” y buenos trabajadores, huyen del trabajo forzado y encuentran refugio en las comunidades chacobos. 3) En la mitología chacobo, la génesis de las relaciones sexuales los vincula una vez más con los cayubabas, narrando su origen común. 4) Finalmente, los actuales chacobos recuerdan que aprendieron a usar la zampoña de los cayubabas, generando así su estilo de música “tradicional”. Tomado estos cuatro conjuntos de datos como una serie, el artículo subraya la influencia crucial de la mediación cayubaba en la historia de los panos bolivianos y propone una reflexión comparativa sobre la cuestión de la alteridad recesiva.

Branislava Susnik (1920-1996) was an anthropologist of Slovenian origin who had a prolific and unique career in Paraguay as director of the Andrés Barbero Ethnographic Museum. Her vast work in ethnolinguistics, ethnography, ethnohistory and comparative ethnology makes her an essential reference for studies of the Gran Chaco and Paraguay, although the hermetic style of her texts and a certain academic seclusion kept her on the margins of the great Americanist lineages. This article offers a review of her life and scientific work. Through documents preserved in archives in Paraguay and Slovenia, it reconstructs her biography from her university studies to her arrival in Paraguay, her accidental introduction to Chaco ethnography, her work as director of the museum, her frustrated project to turn it into a large anthropological research laboratory, and her ethnographic travels to a dozen indigenous groups. It then examines her academic output, highlighting the main lines of her career (from her early and unique linguistic studies, through her ethnographic works, to her work on ethnohistory and comparative ethnology) and tracing the development of her interest in the processes of cultural change and the adaptations of indigenous groups in the face of colonization and evangelization. Finally, the main thematic axes and methodological principles of her work are identified, which certainly deserve to be re-evaluated by ethnology and ethnohistory in the South American lowlands.

From trucks and bulldozers to smaller tools like chainsaws and electric generators, a massive influx of machinery is currently reshaping Latin America’s peripheral landscapes. This process of mechanical colonization introduces disruptive and often violent forms of acceleration that profoundly impact environments and societies. Drawing on anthropology, history, and geography, this volume analyzes mechanical accidents as critical events. These events are not random fatalities but reveal tensions between machines, territories, and societies, prompting a re-evaluation of concepts like materiality, agency and causality.

The ethnographic analysis of a recent incident –the death of an indigenous teacher in a road accident– reveals the everyday impact of the mechanization of indigenous life in Lowland South America and, in particular, the dilemmas involved by growing use and dissemination of motorcycles among the Chacobo (Panoan) of Bolivian Amazonia. The accident becomes a social drama that needs to be interpreted in terms of several contexts of Chacobo culture and, at the same time, reveals broader social, economic, technological, symbolic and environmental transformations that are currently shaping indigenous life in Lowland South America.

Se analiza una etnografía reciente sobre la reparación y el mantenimiento de motocicletas en Rumania desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial a la actualidad. A partir del detalle de las premisas analíticas y conceptuales del estudio antropológico de la cultura motociclística, de los propios recortes del objeto, de las estrategias metodológicas para documentarlo y de algunas de las particularidades más significativas del escenario histórico de la modernidad postsoviética y “la sociedad de la post-reparación”, se argumenta que es posible repensar el fenómeno aparentemente técnico de la mecánica motociclística como un auténtico hecho social total que modula un set de variables geopolíticas, económicas, técnicas, identitarias, simbólicas, estéticas, etarias y de género. Finalmente, se proponen algunas líneas posibles de exploración comparativa con otros estudios actuales sobre etnomecánica, movilidades y en particular la difusión contemporánea de motocicletas en áreas culturales muy distintas entre sí, que echan luz sobre las configuraciones relacionales posibles entre tecnología, medioambiente y sociedad.

En ese trabajo, se demuestra que los monjes del Monasterio de Santo Toribio de Liébana intervinieron muy activamente, para tratar de aclarar el por qué, o la razón, de que los Picos lleven el nombre de Europa. Pero la justificación de la extraña denominación de Europa a los Picos, nos la refiere detalladamente otro monje de Santo Toribio, Fray Francisco de Sota, en su Crónica de los Príncipes de Asturias y Cantabria de 1681.

Background and purpose: MAPKs are among the most relevant signalling pathways involved in coordinating cell responses to different stimuli. This group includes p38MAPKs, constituted by 4 different proteins with a high sequence homology: MAPK14 (p38α), MAPK11 (p38β), MAPK12 (p38γ) and MAPK13 (p38δ). Despite their high similarity, each member shows unique expression patterns and even exclusive functions. Thus, analysing protein-specific functions of MAPK members is necessary to unequivocally uncover the roles of this signalling pathway. Here, we investigate the possible role of MAPK11 in the cell response to ionizing radiation (IR). Materials and methods: We developed MAPK11/14 knockdown through shRNA and CRISPR interference gene perturbation approaches and analysed the downstream effects on cell responses to ionizing radiation in A549, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Specifically, we assessed IR toxicity by clonogenic assays; DNA damage response activity by immunocytochemistry; apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry (Annexin V and propidium iodide, respectively); DNA repair by comet assay; and senescence induction by both X-Gal staining and gene expression of senescence-associated genes by RT-qPCR. Results: Our findings demonstrate a critical role of MAPK11 in the cellular response to IR by controlling the associated senescent phenotype, and without observable effects on DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle or DNA damage repair. Conclusion: Our results highlight MAPK11 as a novel mediator of the cellular response to ionizing radiation through the control exerted onto IR-associated senescence.

Aging, often considered a result of random cellular damage, can be accurately estimated using DNA methylation profiles, the foundation of pan-tissue epigenetic clocks. Here, we demonstrate the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks, using 11,754 methylation arrays from our Mammalian Methylation Consortium, which encompass 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. These predictive models estimate mammalian tissue age with high accuracy ( r > 0.96). Age deviations correlate with human mortality risk, mouse somatotropic axis mutations and caloric restriction. We identified specific cytosines with methylation levels that change with age across numerous species. These sites, highly enriched in polycomb repressive complex 2-binding locations, are near genes implicated in mammalian development, cancer, obesity and longevity. Our findings offer new evidence suggesting that aging is evolutionarily conserved and intertwined with developmental processes across all mammals.

Descripción del paisaje de Pontevedra, desde Bayona hasta el Miño. Es en conjunto uno de los lugares del litoral más bellos de nuestro país. El paisaje de este circuito puede y debe figurar entre los mejores de España.

La ruta que se propone en el artículo es el recorrido más grandioso del Pirineo oscense, y ¿cuidado que ese Pirineo de tierras de Huesca tiene recorridos de montaña excelsos! Muchas, muchísimas excursiones se pueden realizar tomando Bielsa o Pineta como base o centro, y cuando el Parador del valle de Pineta esté en servicio, serán innumerables las excursiones de montaña que podrán hacerse

Background and purpose MAPKs are among the most relevant signalling pathways involved in coordinating cell responses to different stimuli. This group includes p38MAPKs, constituted by 4 different proteins with a high sequence homology: MAPK14 (p38α), MAPK11 (p38β), MAPK12 (p38γ) and MAPK13 (p38δ). Despite their high similarity, each member shows unique expression patterns and even exclusive functions. Thus, analysing protein-specific functions of MAPK members is necessary to unequivocally uncover the roles of this signalling pathway. Here, we investigate the possible role of MAPK11 in the cell response to ionizing radiation (IR). Materials and methods We developed MAPK11/14 knockdown through shRNA and CRISPR interference gene perturbation approaches, and analysed the downstream effects on cell responses to ionizing radiation in A549, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Specifically, we assessed IR toxicity by clonogenic assays; DNA damage response activity by immunocytochemistry; apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry (Annexin V and propidium iodide, respectively); DNA repair by comet assay; and senescence induction by both X-Gal staining and gene expression of senescence-associated genes by RT-qPCR. Results Our findings demonstrate a critical role of MAPK11 in the cellular response to IR by controlling the associated senescent phenotype, and without observable effects on DDR, apoptosis, cell cycle or DNA damage repair. Conclusion Our results highlight MAPK11 as a novel mediator of the cellular response to ionising radiation through the control exerted onto IR-associated senescence. Highlights Genetic perturbation of MAPK11, but not MAPK14, promotes radiosensitivity in a panel of tumor cell lines. Abrogation of MAPK11 did not modify DNA damage response, proliferation, apoptosis or cell cycle in response to ionizing radiation MAPK11 controls ionizing radiation-induced senescence MAPK11 expression could be a novel target and biomarker for radiosensitivity

In the 1890s, at the height of the rubber boom, steamboats dominate the rivers of Bolivian Amazonia. The technophile discourse of the period presents the steamer as a revolution that changes everything: it allows social progress and economic development, it frees transport from the constraints of the geography, it reinforces national sovereignty and, at the same time, it overcomes interethnic conflict. Nevertheless, a careful reading of the historical sources allows us to question whether it is reasonable to reduce the rubber-transporting steamer to an icon of progress and the nationalist agenda. A historical anthropology of the steamer helps to understand what happens with the vessel itself beyond political economy, nation-building processes, and the Amazonian landscape, while also aiming to reconstruct the biographies, histories, and imaginaries of the steamboat itself and its people, and in turn an integral fluvial experience that embodies novel perceptions of alterity of the river and the Bolivian jungle.