Cancer rates are expected to increase, with Src kinase playing a crucial role in cancer metabolism. This study explored bioactive compounds in royal jelly (RJ) as novel anticancer agents targeting Src kinase using computational methods. QM-AM1 was used for structure preparation, while MD simulations assessed protein-ligand stability, and advanced analyses provided post-MD data. The results indicated that, among the bioactive compounds in RJ, formononetin was promising, with a binding energy of 8.243 kcal/mol and interactions with the active sites of two Src kinase pockets. DFT calculations for formononetin suggested good stability and low reactivity. MD simulations demonstrated that the Src kinase–Formononetin complex adopted a stable, favorable binding pose, and subsequent MM-PBSA analysis indicated a markedly stronger binding affinity than that of the reference inhibitor AP23451. PCA analysis revealed overlapping energy distributions and a positive correlation between RMSDca and DCCM plots, providing insights into the stability and conformation of the Src kinase-formononetin complex. This study proposes formononetin as a novel anticancer inhibitor candidate through comprehensive in silico computational analysis, while acknowledging that further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is required.

Resistant starch, a dietary component with prebiotic potential, can be enhanced through starch modification techniques. This study investigated the effects of fermentation, enzymatic, and physicochemical modifications on the microstructural and chemical characteristics of barley flour (Hordeum vulgare). Modified samples were analysed for starch composition, reducing sugars, and granule morphology. Structural analysis showed pronounced disruption of starch granules and the formation of irregular aggregates, particularly following autoclaving, cooling, and enzymatic debranching treatments. Chemically, total starch content increased significantly, reaching 41.64% in the debranching pullulanase (DP) treatment, while amylose content peaked at 30.65% under annealing (ANN). In contrast, reducing sugar levels declined markedly, with the lowest values observed in autoclaving–cooling two-cycle (AC-2) and heat moisture treatment (HMT) samples (both 8.88%). These results demonstrate that targeted modification approaches can enhance starch resistance and improve the structural and functional properties of barley flour, supporting its potential use in health-oriented and functional food formulations.

Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar dalam mewujudkan generasi yang sehat, cerdas, dan produktif menuju Indonesia Emas 2045, dengan prevalensi stunting nasional yang masih mencapai 19,8% pada tahun 2024. Peningkatan gizi sejak dini melalui pangan lokal bergizi tinggi seperti tempe, sebagai sumber protein nabati, merupakan solusi yang efektif. Program pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Cipalaha, Garut, melibatkan ibu dengan anak usia 0–5 tahun, ibu hamil, serta kader Posyandu dan PKK. Kegiatan meliputi penilaian status gizi anak, edukasi gizi dan stunting, pelatihan pembuatan nugget tempe dan sari kedelai, serta evaluasi melalui kuesioner orang tua, wawancara, dan uji organoleptik. Hasil menunjukkan 24% balita tergolong pendek atau sangat pendek, dan seluruh anak di atas lima tahun memiliki berat badan kurang, menandakan kekurangan energi kronis. Tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan orang tua berpengaruh kuat terhadap risiko stunting. Program ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan motivasi peserta dalam memproduksi serta mengonsumsi olahan tempe bergizi tinggi dengan tingkat penerimaan yang baik. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya inovasi pangan lokal dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam mendukung pertumbuhan anak dan tujuan Indonesia Emas 2045.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. A key pathological mechanism involves excessive hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in impaired cholinergic neurotransmission. Therefore, AChE remains a major therapeutic target. Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome contains diverse bioactive compounds with reported neuroprotective potential. This study presents the first integrated metabolomics-bioactivity-ADMET workflow applied to ethanolic C. xanthorrhiza extract to systematically identify potential natural AChE inhibitors. Secondary metabolites, including total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, were quantified by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Metabolite profiling was conducted by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS, and AChE inhibitory activity was assessed using the Ellman method, with donepezil as the reference drug. Molecular docking against AChE (PDB ID: 6O4W) and in silico ADMET prediction were performed to elucidate binding interactions and pharmacokinetic suitability. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and significant AChE inhibition (IC₅₀ 46.63 µg/mL), while donepezil showed very strong inhibition (IC₅₀ 0.03 µg/mL). Metabolomic analysis identified 43 compounds, predominantly curcuminoids and sesquiterpenes, with xanthorrhizol quantified as a major constituent. Docking analysis revealed several high-affinity ligands; bisdemethoxycurcumin showed the strongest binding energy (ΔGbind −11.55 kcal/mol) but less favorable ADMET properties. In contrast, xanthorrhizol (ΔGbind −8.63 kcal/mol) demonstrated balanced binding interactions and a more favorable predicted pharmacokinetic profile. Overall, this integrative approach enables rational prioritization of bioactive constituents from complex plant extracts and highlights xanthorrhizol as a promising candidate for further experimental validation as a natural AChE inhibitor. HIGHLIGHTS Ethanolic extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza showed strong antioxidant capacity. Ethanolic extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza showed strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. High levels of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids are quantified prior to metabolomic profiling. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS-based metabolomics identifies 43 bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract. In silico docking reveals xanthorrhizol and bisdemethoxycurcumin as key acetylcholinesterase binders. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Studying receptors that play critical roles in breast cancer continues to present various challenges. In silico computation has emerged as an effective solution to overcome these limitations by enabling the exploration of protein structure, dynamics, and function. Therefore, a comprehensive in silico approach was employed in this study, incorporating Ramachandran plot analysis, fingerprint study, active site prediction, molecular electrostatic potential (for selected molecules), a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (for receptor-ligand complexes), and protein contact analysis (for receptor-ligand complexes). The results revealed that p38α, p38γ, and ERα were structurally suitable for investigation and were successfully characterized through fingerprint analysis and binding pocket prediction. The combination of docking and molecular dynamics demonstrated strong stability in the p38α-chrysin, p38γ-galangin, and ERα-naringin complexes. Hence, this study identified and characterized these three target receptors and proposed lead molecules with potential anti-breast cancer activity. However, comprehensive experimental validation at the laboratory scale remains necessary.

Peronema canescens Jack, commonly known as Sungkai, is native to Southeast Asia and traditionally used in ethnomedicine to treat fever, infections, and inflammatory disorders. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Sungkai leaves and quantified their bioactive compounds. This study employed TPC (Total Phenolic Content), TFC (Total Flavonoid Content), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods to assess the antioxidant ability, as well as MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) methods to evaluate the antibacterial ability. Total phenolic content (TPC) was 112.5 ± 3.4 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoid content (TFC) was 87.2 ± 2.8 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays showed an IC50 of 48.6 ± 1.7 µg/mL and a FRAP value of 510 ± 15 µM Fe²⁺/g, indicating strong antioxidant potential. Antibacterial activity, assessed via MIC and MBC, was weak, with MIC and MBC values exceeding 10,000 ppm for all tested fractions. These results suggest that Sungkai leaves are a promising source of natural antioxidants, although their antibacterial efficacy is limited.

Bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants have attracted considerable scientific interest because of their diverse biochemical properties and potential antioxidant-related activities. Peronema canescens is traditionally used in herbal medicine and contains phytochemical constituents with potential biological activity. In this study, an in silico approach was used to evaluate bioactive compounds from sungkai leaves for their potential to modulate superoxide dismutase (SOD) allosterically. This important antioxidant enzyme protects against oxidative stress. The study included Lipinski screening, bioavailability prediction, toxicity prediction, and molecular docking analysis targeting the predicted allosteric region of SOD. In addition, global and local chemical reactivity descriptors and bioactivity-related properties were analyzed to support preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) assessment. Among the screened compounds, CHEMBL1407860 demonstrated acceptable predicted pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. It showed a higher docking score at the predicted allosteric site of SOD than D-trehalose (6.128 kcal/mol vs 5.183 kcal/mol) within the YASARA scoring framework. Residue-interaction analysis indicated potential binding interactions near the enzyme's predicted allosteric region. However, these findings are based solely on computational prediction and do not confirm enzymatic activation or therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, CHEMBL1407860 may be considered a computationally prioritized candidate for further investigation as a possible SOD allosteric-binding compound. Additional molecular dynamics simulations, biochemical enzyme assays, and cellular studies are required to validate its biological activity and mechanism of action.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules produced during normal metabolism that can cause oxidative stress when accumulated. Catalase (CAT) is a key antioxidant enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, maintaining cellular redox balance. This study investigated bioactive compounds from Peronema canescens (Sungkai) leaves as potential allosteric activators of catalase using an integrated in silico approach. Forty-three phytochemicals were evaluated through ADMET profiling, toxicity prediction, and molecular docking against the catalase allosteric site. Global and local reactivity descriptors, structure–activity relationships (SAR), and bioactivity radar analyses were applied to assess drug-likeness and pharmacological potential. Among the tested ligands, SMR000036195 (2-oxo-6-(piperidin-1-sulfonyl)-benzothiazole-3-carboxylic acid isobutyl ester) exhibited the strongest binding affinity (–7.63 kcal/mol), surpassing the reference activator D-trehalose (–6.07 kcal/mol). The compound also demonstrated favourable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, suggesting low toxicity and good bioavailability. Key residue interactions indicated stable allosteric binding that may enhance catalase activity through conformational modulation. These findings propose SMR000036195 as a promising natural allosteric activator of catalase, potentially contributing to the development of antioxidant therapies targeting oxidative stress–related disorders. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate its enzyme activation and therapeutic potential.

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) contains bioactive compounds such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid that contribute to antioxidant and metabolic health benefits. Microbial fermentation has emerged as a strategy to modulate phytochemical profiles and enhance functional properties in food products. This study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation (0, 6, and 24 h) on caffeine content, secondary metabolite composition, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity of Robusta coffee. LC-MS/MS and spectrophotometric assays revealed dynamic shifts in phytochemicals during fermentation. Fermentation at 6 hours resulted in the greatest reduction in caffeine and enhanced antioxidant capacity, suggesting increased bioactive potential, whereas prolonged fermentation partially restored initial levels of caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Overall, controlled short-term fermentation with L. plantarum demonstrated a promising approach for modulating coffee bioactives and improving antioxidant functionality. These findings provide new insights into microbial biotransformation pathways in fermented coffee and support the development of functional coffee-based beverages.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Togaku rheumatic oil and computationally evaluated its cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-related anti-inflammatory potential using an integrated LC–MS/MS, molecular docking, and in silico ADMET approach. LC–MS/MS profiling identified 13 putatively identified compounds, indicating a chemically complex multiherbal formulation. However, compound identification was based on database matching without confirmation using authentic standards, and relative peak areas were interpreted as semi-quantitative estimates rather than absolute concentrations. Among the detected compounds, Solanapyrone G was identified as the predominant annotated constituent. Molecular docking analysis revealed that Solanapyrone G and 6-undecylsalicylic acid exhibited favorable predicted binding interactions with the COX-2 active site, with docking scores (-9.922 kcal/mol) comparable to the reference ligand rofecoxib and higher than those of ibuprofen under the applied computational conditions. Solanapyrone G exhibited predicted interactions with key residues in the COX-2 active site, including ARG120, TYR355, and SER530, suggesting a plausible binding mode within the COX-2 active pocket. In contrast, 6-undecylsalicylic acid appeared to be stabilized predominantly through hydrophobic interactions within the binding pocket, with no distinct hydrogen-bond or electrostatic interactions detected in the 2D interaction analysis. Nevertheless, these computational results do not establish direct inhibitory potency, as no experimental COX-2 inhibition assay was performed in this study. Computational ADMET predictions further suggested that Solanapyrone G possesses a favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile, characterized by good distribution, low predicted toxicity, and minimal risk of drug–drug interactions, although moderate intestinal absorption was predicted. Overall, these findings provide a preliminary chemical and computational basis supporting the traditional anti-inflammatory use of Togaku rheumatic oil while highlighting the need for further compound confirmation and experimental validation through in vitro and in vivo studies to substantiate its biological activity and safety.

Honey contains a diverse range of phenolic compounds that contribute to its functional properties; however, comparative data linking bee species, geographical origin, and quantitative phenolic profiles of Indonesian honeys remain limited. Accordingly, this study compared six honeys: three from Apis mellifera (Subang, Batang, Pasuruan) and three from Heterotrigona itama (Tanggamus, Banjar, Kapuas Hulu), examining whether species and origin influence composition, function, and relevance for bioresearch. The product quality was evaluated toward SNI 8664:2018; quantified TPC and TFC; assessed antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), antibacterial properties (agar-well diffusion), and anti-inflammatory effects (BSA denaturation); characterized targeted phenolics using UPLC–MS/MS; and conducted in silico docking studies on CDK2 (which promotes cancer cell proliferation) and Chk1 (DNA-damage checkpoint) with ADME, brief molecular dynamics, and MM-PBSA analysis. Every sample fulfilled the freshness requirements; darker honeys had lower pH and greater Pfund, and higher TPC/TFC values coincided with stronger antioxidant responses. H. itama Tanggamus (H1) had the highest TPC/TFC and the strongest antioxidant response (DPPH IC50 10.08 mg mL− 1), whereas A. mellifera Batang (A2) had the lowest. The honey samples analyzed exhibited more pronounced antibacterial properties against S. aureus compared to E. coli, as evidenced by a larger zone of inhibition ranging from 9.7 to 18.6 mm. Specific honey samples also showed measurable anti-inflammatory effects, with IC₅₀ values of 5.24 mg mL⁻¹ for H1 and 6.38 mg mL⁻¹ for A3. UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed an increase in taxifolin and benzoic acid derivatives in stingless bee honey. Furthermore, in silico analysis identified 6-phenylisoquinoline from A. mellifera honey harvested in Subang as a potential activator of CDK2/Chk1. Overall, both the type of honey and its geographic origin had a significant impact on the phenolic composition and associated bioactivity. It underscores the importance of confirming the source and highlights the necessity for various quantification techniques and additional cell-based validation. S. aureus exhibited more antibacterial activity than E. coli (9.7–18.6 mm), and anti-inflammatory activity followed suit (H1 IC50 5.24 mg mL− 1; A3 6.38 mg mL− 1). In stingless-bee honeys, UPLC-MS/MS revealed the enrichment of taxifolin and benzoic-acid derivatives, while in silico study revealed 6-phenylisoquinoline from A. mellifera Subang to be a CDK2/Chk1 engager. Species and region structured phenolic profiles and bioactivity, supporting origin verification and motivating orthogonal quantification and cell-based validation.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Royal jelly (RJ), a functional food rich in bioactive compounds, has been reported to exhibit chemopreventive properties; however, its potential molecular interactions with key breast cancer–associated target receptors, including Bcl-2, EGFR, and HER-2, remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to explore, at a computational level, the putative interactions between selected RJ-derived compounds and their target receptors to generate mechanistic hypotheses. Molecular docking was performed using YASARA Structure after systematic protein and ligand preparation, with structural validation assessed using Ramachandran plots. The predicted pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated using ADMET analysis. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with normal mode analysis (NMA) were employed to examine the stability of the selected protein–ligand complexes. Docking analyses indicated favorable binding affinities of quercetin for Bcl-2 and naringin for EGFR and HER-2. Normal mode analysis–based simulations supported the intrinsic flexibility and favorable dynamic behavior of the docked complexes. Collectively, these in silico findings provide a hypothesis-generating framework suggesting that quercetin and naringin may warrant further experimental investigation as potential modulators of breast cancer–related targets. Experimental validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is required to substantiate these computational predictions.

Mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commerson) by-products, including muscle, skin, and their mixture, represent a sustainable source of proteins that can be converted into bioactive peptides through microbial fermentation. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of bioactive peptide production from Pediococcus pentosaceus IL13-fermented mackerel by-products, integrating biochemical analyses with in silico bioactivity prediction to explore their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Fermentation using P. pentosaceus IL13 was monitored through proximate composition, growth curves, and pH changes. The raw materials exhibited high protein content, supporting microbial growth and proteolysis. Optimal hydrolysate collection was achieved on day 4 for fish muscle (FMH) and mixed hydrolysates (FXH), and day 5 for fish skin hydrolysate (FSH). Biochemical analysis showed increased soluble protein, free amino acids, and peptides, particularly in the <3 kDa fraction, which exhibited the highest antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities in vitro. Peptides were identified by LC-HRMS, and their potential bioactivities were predicted using PeptideRanker and molecular docking. Among the identified sequences, TGPIGMPGAR and RLNFDAFLPMLK were predicted to exhibit relatively high bioactivity scores and favorable binding interactions with Keap1 and TNF-alpha, respectively. These findings indicate that fermentation by Pediococcus pentosaceus IL13 has potential as a strategy for generating multifunctional peptides from fish by-products, although the predicted bioactivities require further experimental validation. Future studies are therefore warranted to purify, structurally characterize, and validate these peptides using targeted in vitro and in vivo models prior to their application in functional foods or therapeutic formulations.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the mycotoxins with high toxicity and carcinogenicity. Biological control using non-pathogenic yeast offers a safe, environmentally friendly approach to reducing AFB1 contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of three yeast isolates derived from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) to decrease AFB1 concentrations. The DAP4 isolate, identified as Candida tropicalis, showed the highest tolerance and decontamination potential. DAP4 demonstrated a time-dependent removal of AFB1 from the culture supernatant, with AFB1 becoming undetectable by HPLC after 72 h at both initial concentrations of 50 and 100 ppb. Whole genome sequencing of DAP4 resulted in a genome size of 10,583,595 base pairs, consisting of 7044 annotated protein clusters. Functional annotation using the KEGG database identified genes encoding putative cytochrome P450 (ERG11), glutathione S-transferase (URE2), and epoxide hydrolase (LAP2), which are potentially involved in xenobiotic detoxification. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a conserved genomic framework comprising 1783 orthologous protein clusters among AFB1-detoxifying yeasts, with DAP4 clustering most closely to Pichia kudriavzevii RWT. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of ERG11, LAP2, and URE2 following exposure to 30 ppb AFB1, supporting activation pathways involved in AFB1 biotransformation and glutathione conjugation. Collectively, these findings indicate that DAP4 possesses an active molecular detoxification response to AFB1. Although adsorption cannot be completely excluded, the coordinated transcriptional activation of detoxification genes suggests that enzymatic detoxification contributes substantially to AFB1 removal.

Apigenin from Apium graveolens L. was evaluated as a natural anti-hyperpigmentation agent using integrated in silico, in vitro, and topical formulation approaches. Molecular docking against melanogenesis related enzymes showed favorable binding energies toward tyrosinase (−7.5 kcal/mol), tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1) (−7.9 kcal/mol), and dopachrome tautomerase (−7.2 kcal/mol). Antioxidant activity assessed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reaching a maximum inhibition of 65.1% at 25 ppm (p < 0.05), followed by reduced activity at higher concentrations. Tyrosinase inhibitory assays revealed mild but significant concentration-dependent inhibition (11.1−38.2%) between 3,125 and 50,000 ppm. Apigenin was formulated into a carbomer 934 gel, exhibiting suitable viscosity and stable rheological properties over four weeks. These findings indicate that apigenin acts primarily as an antioxidant with supplementary tyrosinase modulation, supporting its potential use in stable topical anti-hyperpigmentation formulations.

Papaya (Carica papaya) and pulai (Alstonia scholaris) are recognized for their antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects with minimal side effects. An equal combination of their leaf extracts demonstrated a synergistic effect as an HMG-CoA inhibitor, comparable to that of lovastatin in vitro. This study evaluated cholesterol levels and lipid peroxidation inhibition in a hypercholesterolemic animal model induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and propylthiouracil treatment. Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Normal, Hypercholesterolemia, and Extract groups, which were subjected to treatment protocols over six weeks. The combination extracts (200:200 mg/kg BW) were administered and blood samples were analyzed for cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels. The results showed that hypercholesterolemia induction increased blood cholesterol to 173.72±5.6 mg/dL and MDA level to 19,44±4,59 nmol/mL. The extract treatment effectively decreased blood cholesterol levels by 27% and prevented lipid peroxidation, as shown by a 52% reduction in MDA levels (p<0.05).

Physalis angulata was known for its pharmacological potential, including antioxidant activity, yet the specific bioactive compounds responsible for enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1), remained unclear. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the active compounds of P. angulata as natural SOD 1 activators using an In silico molecular docking approach. Forty-nine ligands derived from the active constituents of P. angulata were screened based on Lipinski’s Rule of Five and ADMET properties. Molecular docking was performed using the SOD 1 protein (PDB ID: 5YTO), and docking validation yielded an RMSD value of 0.005 Å. Among the test ligands, withanolide exhibited the most favorable binding energy (−7.011 kcal/mol) and the lowest inhibition constant (7.0 pM), forming strong interactions with key catalytic residues of the enzyme. These findings indicated that withanolide had promising potential as a natural SOD 1 activator, providing a basis for future antioxidant drug discovery.

Black rice is less popular for healthy use and not widely available in different parts of Indonesia. Only a few scientific reports are available on the health benefits of black rice, specifically with an integrated in-vitro and in-silico method for varieties present in the market, showing a need for investigations regarding bioactivity. Therefore, this analysis examines the bioactivity of black rice extracts of Cempo Ireng variety in-vitro and in-silico as a source of antioxidant and antiproliferation for colon cancer cells, along with determination of the compound content. The novelty was the integration of in-vitro and in-silico methods to explore the natural antioxidant sources and the inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation from black rice of Cempo Ireng variety. Moreover, antioxidant activity was analyzed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to determine antiproliferative activity, which was further examined in-silico with metabolites from black rice extract identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results indicated black rice extract had antioxidant activity to scavenge radicals. The activity had IC50 of 4.67 µg/mL for black rice chloroform (BRC) extract and 52.45 µg/mL for black rice ethanol (BRE) extract. Additionally, black rice extract can effectively inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells (8.28% - 9.10%). Metabolite groups detected in the extract included organic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, amino acids, purines, organic alcohols, and organic bases. Campesterol and 24 - methylenecycloartanol were metabolites that had the best activity in inhibiting cancer treatment target proteins in-silico. This study showed the health benefits of black rice, suggesting the development of a functional food to support digestive health. HIGHLIGHTS Black rice extract of the Cempo Ireng variety was able to scavenge free radical. The extracts can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and are non-toxic to normal cells. Organic acids were the most frequently identified metabolites in black rice. Campesterol and 24 - methylenecycloartanol were the metabolites that had the best activity in inhibiting cancer therapy target proteins in-silico Black rice has a potential as a functional food that is effective as a natural antioxidant and can be used as an alternative treatment for colon cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Program pelatihan dan sosialisasi mengenai pemanfaatan SIJAKA (sirih merah, jahe merah, dan kayu manis) sebagai minuman fungsional antidiabetes bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan praktik masyarakat dalam mengelola diabetes secara alami. Desa Sukamaju yang terletak di Kecamatan Cigudeg, Kabupaten Bogor memiliki peluang untuk mengembangkan produksi minuman fungsional berbahan dasar SIJAKA, namun potensi ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Program ini dirancang untuk meningkatkan taraf kesehatan masyarakat serta mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal melalui pendirian fasilitas produksi minuman fungsional SIJAKA. Pelaksanaan kegiatan melibatkan kader Posyandu dan PKK melalui kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Metode yang digunakan mencakup pengisian kuisioner pre-test dan post-test guna mengevaluasi tingkat pengetahuan peserta sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat terkait minuman fungsional SIJAKA, meskipun sebelumnya pengetahuan mereka masih terbatas. Pelatihan ini juga mengungkapkan bahwa 79,31% peserta mengenal sirih merah dan jahe merah sebagai herbal potensial, sedangkan 72,41% mengetahui manfaat kayu manis. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kesadaran akan potensi herbal dalam mengelola diabetes. Selain itu, mayoritas peserta (92,11%) menunjukkan ketertarikan yang tinggi terhadap pelatihan dan ingin lebih memahami manfaat serta cara pembuatan SIJAKA. Program ini terbukti mampu meningkatkan antusiasme dan wawasan masyarakat terhadap SIJAKA, serta memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai contoh bagi desa-desa lainnya. Secara keseluruhan, program ini memberikan dua manfaat utama, yaitu peningkatan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat dan penguatan ekonomi lokal, meskipun masih terdapat kendala dalam mendorong masyarakat untuk memproduksi dan mengonsumsi SIJAKA secara mandiri.