Ecosystem services (ES) are the benefits that humans receive from nature. The payments for ES provide financial incentives to urban managers to conserve natural ecosystems. The spatial pattern and intensity of ES values have become leading principles of urban planning. Although most ES evaluations of urban regions are at the city scale, urban land planning is typically made at the landscape level. The applications of remote sensing data provide a great opportunity for quantifying the ES in a finer analytical unit. In this study, we investigated the spatial patterns of ES in Beijing by calculating the economic value of each ES based on the landscape type. We compared the ES intensities observed in different administrative districts and land use types, and we obtained the following results: (1) The ES values in Beijing are distributed in a spatial pattern with low value at the center and high values in the surrounding area, with the highest value in Miyun District and the lowest value in Dongcheng District. The difference in ES intensity between above two districts is 4.087 x 10(4) yuan per hectare. (2) The ES type with higher value in Beijing are hydrology regulation and climate regulation services. (3) The land use type of forest is the main source of ES values, accounting for 67.2% of the total value. This study provides a spatial clarification of ES value in Beijing, which could supply a scientific reference to support urban optimization and resource allocation.
生态敏感性评价是衡量区域生态脆弱性的重要指标之一,也是城市规划中的重要基础性工作.文章从自然、人文两个方面选取地形地貌、植被、水系、人类活动4个评价维度12个敏感因子,采用AHP-TOPSIS组合赋权法对闽侯县进行生态敏感性评价.结果显示:闽侯县整体生态敏感性较高,高敏感区、较高敏感区、中敏感区、较低敏感区、低敏感区占全县面积的比例分别为18.87％、28.37％、23.54％、18.44％、10.78％.生态敏感性较强的地区集中于县域的西南部和东北部的林地;中等敏感区集中于闽江、乌龙江和大樟溪等流域附近;敏感性较弱的地区集中于乌龙江西岸的建成区和农田.基于评价结果,将闽侯县初步划分为生态保育区、生态缓冲管制区和开发建设区3类生态功能区,并提出保护开发建议,以期为闽侯县的生态保护与相关区域环境政策制定提供科学依据.
近年来,随着城市的现代化进程,儿童与自然的联系逐渐割裂,"自然缺失症"问题的发展态势愈加严重.在此背景下,自然教育开始受到国内外的广泛关注.社区公园交互性景观作为儿童最易接触到的自然教育形式,能够有效提升儿童的身心健康发展,为其成长发育道路注入强劲的动力.本文基于自然教育理念,对社区公园中的交互性景观偏好展开研究,运用联合分析法,遴选感知交互、行为交互和情感交互3个交互层次,模拟社区公园交互性景观场景收集儿童偏好评价,进行社区公园各类交互性景观效用值及相对重要性分析.并结合访谈调研,深度解析所得数据结果,探究其偏好的内在原因,以期为社区公园交互性景观优化提升和自然教育环境设计提供启示和借鉴.
