Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 80, Issue 9 p. 1367-1368 VortragFree Access Erzeugung von Wasserstoff und Methan aus salzhaltigen organischen Materialien in überkritischem Wasser N. Boukis Dr., N. Boukis Dr. nikolaos.boukis@itc-cpv.fzk.de Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorU. Galla Dipl.-Ing., U. Galla Dipl.-Ing. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorH. Müller Dipl.-Ing., H. Müller Dipl.-Ing. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof. Dr., E. Dinjus Prof. Dr. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author N. Boukis Dr., N. Boukis Dr. nikolaos.boukis@itc-cpv.fzk.de Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorU. Galla Dipl.-Ing., U. Galla Dipl.-Ing. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorH. Müller Dipl.-Ing., H. Müller Dipl.-Ing. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof. Dr., E. Dinjus Prof. Dr. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technische Chemie, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 September 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750790AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume80, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet Jahrestagung 2008September, 2008Pages 1367-1368 RelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 79, Issue 9 p. 1342-1343 PosterFree Access Prozessintegrierte CO2-Abtrennung bei der Biomassevergasung in überkritischem Wasser N. Boukis Dr., nikolaos.boukis@itc-cpv.fzk.de Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorU. Galla Dipl.-Ing., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorH. Müller Dipl.-Ing., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof. Dr., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author N. Boukis Dr., nikolaos.boukis@itc-cpv.fzk.de Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorU. Galla Dipl.-Ing., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorH. Müller Dipl.-Ing., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof. Dr., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC-CPV, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 September 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750076AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume79, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet Jahrestagung 2007September, 2007Pages 1342-1343 RelatedInformation

A thermochemical two-step process called bioliq(R) for the conversion biomass in tailored synthetic fuels and organic chemicals via the production of syngas as a versatile intermediate is being developed. The research and development work has been, focused on synthesis gas generation from liquefied biomass in a pressurized entrained flow gasifier: The sequential process steps have been successfully, investigated in the laboratory and on the pilot plant scale. Fast pyrolysis for liquefaction of the ligno-cellulosic biomass has been conducted with the Lurgi twin-screw mixing reactor successfully. Pumpable, homogenous slurries of the pyrolysis, liquids with high loadings pyrolysis char powder have been prepared with colloid mixers for subsequent gasification. Efficient and smooth slurry gasification to a tar-free, low methane synthesis has been obtained with a number of different slurries in four testing campaigns in the 3-5 MW (th), entrained flow pilot gasifier of Future Energy, Freiberg, at 26 bar A complete process line with around 2 MWth capacity from fast pyrolysis to synthesis with an 80 bar gasifier is under design, the pyrolysis plant already under construction in co-operation with Lurgi AG.

Reductive annealing was chosen as a method for the syntheses of Se modified Ru/C catalysts. Initial preparation of a 20 wt% Ru/C was performed by impregnating RuCl3·2H2O on Vulcan XC72 with subsequent conditioning using H2 at 250 °C for 4 h. Surface treatment of Ru/C by SeO2 followed by reductive annealing produced Se modified Ru/C catalysts with a pre-determined Ru:Se = 1:0.15 and 1:1 a/o. Structural characterization was carried out using HRTEM while electrochemical characterization was performed using RDE measurements. It is concluded that the presence of Se on Ru has a positive effect on the oxygen reduction reaction of RuSe/C catalyst systems with an optimal loading of Se close to a Ru:Se ratio of 1:0.15 a/o. Overloading of selenium led to neutralization of its promoting effect.

Extract Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007

Hot compressed water (HCW, here water above 200 degrees C) possesses very interesting properties. This series of articles gives an overview of the state of the art as regards the understanding of reactions in HCW. In the first part the macroscopic and microscopic properties of HCW will be described, followed by a summary of synthesis reactions published. The impact of the unique properties shall be discussed in part II, with the thermal degradation of tert-butylbenzene and the oxidation of methanol being used as examples. The studies reported will show that the microscopic properties are of more importance to understanding reactions in HCW than assumed in the past. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The activity, selectivity, and methanol tolerance of novel, carbon supported high-metal loading (40 wt.%) Pt/C and Pt3Me/C (Me = Ni, Co) catalysts for the O-2 reduction reaction (ORR) were evaluated in model studies under defined mass transport and diffusion conditions, by rotating (ring) disk and by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. The catalysts were synthesized by the organometallic route, via deposition of pre-formed Pt and Pt3Me pre-cursors followed by their decomposition into metal nanoparticles. Characteristic properties such as particle sizes, particle composition and phase formation, and active surface area, were determined by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. For comparison, commercial Pt/C catalysts (20 and 40 wt.%, E-Tek, Somerset, NJ, USA) were investigated as well, allowing to evaluate Pt loading effects and, by comparison with the pre-cursor-based catalyst with their much smaller particle sizes (1.7 nm diameter), also particle size effects. Kinetic parameters for the ORR were evaluated; the ORR activities of the bimetallic catalysts and of the synthesized Pt/C catalyst were comparable and similar to that of the high-loading commercial Pt/C catalyst; at typical cathode operation potentials H2O2 formation is negligible for the synthesized catalysts. Due to their lower methanol oxidation activity the bimetallic catalysts show an improved methanol tolerance compared to the commercial Pt/C catalysts. The results indicate that the use of very small particle sizes is a possible way to achieve reasonably good ORR activities at an improved methanol tolerance at DMFC cathode relevant conditions.

Tubulin, a protein isolated from eukaryotic cells, is able to self-assemble in vitro under well-defined chemical conditions into highly ordered polymorphic suprastructures such as tubules, rings or sheets. Here we report about the imaging and the morphological appearance of such tubulin assemblies utilized as templates for the deposition of metal nanoparticles or continuous metallization. The structural imaging and analyzing tools like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with respect to different electron detectors (Inlens-SE, BSE, TE) are addressed. An EDX-unit is applied for the verification of the deposited metals. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping-mode (TM) is adopted for 3D-rendering and morphological measurements (height). Tip-surface interactions, the influence of fixation and cantilever-types are considered. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is applied to visualize deposited nanoparticles.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 79, Issue 9 p. 1326-1327 VortragFree Access Schnellpyrolyse zur Vorbehandlung von Biomasse und Erzeugung von Bioslurrys als Zwischenbrennstoff N. Dahmen Dr., N. Dahmen Dr. nicolaus.dahmen@itc-cpv.fzk.de Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof. Dr., E. Dinjus Prof. Dr. Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Henrich Prof. Dr., E. Henrich Prof. Dr. Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorC. Kornmayer, C. Kornmayer Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorR. Stahl Dr., R. Stahl Dr. Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorF. Weirich, F. Weirich Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author N. Dahmen Dr., N. Dahmen Dr. nicolaus.dahmen@itc-cpv.fzk.de Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof. Dr., E. Dinjus Prof. Dr. Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Henrich Prof. Dr., E. Henrich Prof. Dr. Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorC. Kornmayer, C. Kornmayer Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorR. Stahl Dr., R. Stahl Dr. Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorF. Weirich, F. Weirich Institut für Technische Chemie CPV, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 September 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750416Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume79, Issue9Special Issue: ProcessNet Jahrestagung 2007September, 2007Pages 1326-1327 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 78, Issue 9 p. 1184-1185 PosterFree Access Bioliq – Synthesekraftstoff aus Biomasse – Stand der Entwicklung des Karlsruher BTL-Verfahrens N. Dahmen Dr., N. Dahmen Dr. nicolaus.dahmen@itc-cpv.fzk.de Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, PF 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof., E. Dinjus Prof. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, PF 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Henrich Profl., E. Henrich Profl. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, PF 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author N. Dahmen Dr., N. Dahmen Dr. nicolaus.dahmen@itc-cpv.fzk.de Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, PF 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Dinjus Prof., E. Dinjus Prof. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, PF 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this authorE. Henrich Profl., E. Henrich Profl. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, PF 3640, D-76021 KarlsruheSearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 September 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200650478Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume78, Issue9Special Issue: GVC/DECHEMA-Jahrestagungen 2006 mit 24. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenSeptember, 2006Pages 1184-1185 RelatedInformation

Hot compressed water (HCW, here water above 200°C) owns interesting properties. The impact of the unique properties is discussed exemplary for the thermal degradation of tert-butylbenzene and the oxidation of methanol. Both reactions have been conducted not only in HCW but also in other high-pressure media and from the comparison the impact of the special properties of HCW can be settled. In addition the degradation of glycerol, a model substance for carbohydrates and biomass in HCW was studied. This reaction shows a strong dependence on the properties of HCW. The examples picture an increased specific impact of HCW with rising polarity of the reactants and intermediates. The studies also points to higher importance of microscopic properties for understanding reactions in HCW than assumed in the past.

Gasification of 5 wt % (DOM) corn silage in supercritical water was investigated in a continuous flow reactor. The influence of pressure, temperature, and residence time on the gas yield was determined. Changing the pressure in the range 250−400 bar did not alter the gas yield. The temperature was varied from 300 to 700 °C. At higher temperature, the conversion of biomass in supercritical water was completed. At lower temperature, the biomass is partly converted, and the gas yield is decreased. Residence time variations from 0.6 to 10 min revealed for each investigated temperature that with longer residence time, gas yield increased until a maximum was reached. Gas composition changed with residence time and temperature. At higher temperature, more hydrogen, methane, and ethane were obtained. The gas yield can be modeled in the studied conditions by assuming a zero-order kinetic.

The influence of pressure, temperature, residence time, and alkali addition on the gasification of corn starch, clover grass and corn silage in supercritical water was investigated. Changing the pressure did not alter the gasification yield. An increase in the temperature notably improved the conversion of biomass. Residence time variations revealed that with longer residence time, gasification yield was improved until a maximum was reached. Gas composition changed with residence time and temperature. Potassium addition affected the gasification yield of corn starch, but did not influence the gasification yield of the potassium-containing natural products of clover grass and corn silage.

Tubulin self-assembles in vitro in highly ordered polymorphic protein structures such as tubules or rings, which can be further utilized as a template to control the deposition of metal nanoparticles or for continuous metal coatings. Template-directed alignment of particles or a continuous coverage is provided by metal salt incubation followed by a subsequent reduction procedure. We exploited field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with different electron detectors (inlens-SE, BSE, TE) for morphological characterization, and an EDX unit for elemental analysis. Scanning force microscopy (SFM) in tapping mode (TM) was applied to image structural peculiarities and to measure the height of the biomolecular assemblies. We address tip-surface interactions, the influence of fixation and cantilever types. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The production of hydrogen by reforming of methanol in supercritical water was studied in continuous flow apparatus made of nickel base alloys. Experiments were performed at pressures from 25 to 45 MPa, temperatures in the range of 400 to above 600 degrees C and residence times from few seconds up to few minutes. The feed concentration varied from 5 to 64 wt.% methanol. The main component of the product gas is H-2, carbon is converted to CO2, CO, and CH4. Methanol conversion is up to 99.9% without addition of a catalyst. Oxidation of the reactor inner surface before gasification turned out to enhance the reaction rate and to lower the carbon monoxide concentration. Obviously, the heavy metals of the inner surface of the reactors catalyze the reaction. Pilot-plant tests ( with a flow rate of 100 kg/h) confirm the laboratory experiments and give data for the energy balance of the process.