Üretim atıksuyu petrol ve doğalgaz üretimi sırasında oluşarak petrol ve doğalgazın yeraltından pompalanması ile birlikte yüzeye çıkmaktadır. Üretim atıksuyu, içerisinde birçok organik ve inorganik bileşik içeren ve bu nedenle deşarjı öncesinde uygun şekilde arıtılması gereken bir atıksu türüdür. Üretim atıksularının arıtılmasında fiziksel, kimyasal ve/veya biyolojik yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, petrol ve doğalgaz üretim atıksularının biyolojik olarak arıtılabilirliğinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda; petrol ve doğalgaz üretimi ve sadece doğalgaz üretimi yapan sahalardan elde edilen üretim atıksuyu ardışık kesikli reaktör (AKR) sisteminde arıtılmıştır. Doğalgaz üretim sahasından alınan atıksuyun yüksek tuzluluk içeriğinden dolayı, biyolojik arıtılabilirliğinin düşük seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Petrol ve doğalgaz üretim sahasından alınan üretim atıksuyunda ise ortalama KOİ giderim verimi %68 seviyesine ulaşmıştır. Petrol ve doğalgaz üretim atıksuyunun biyolojik olarak arıtılamayacak (inert) fraksiyonları da çalışma kapsamında belirlenmiştir. Üretim atıksuyunda %86 oranında biyolojik olarak giderilebilen KOİ içeriği olduğu saptanmış ve geri kalan kısmın inert partiküler ve inert çözünmüş KOİ olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üretim atıksuyunda inert karakterizayonun ve biyolojik arıtılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi, en uygun arıtma prosesi seçiminde yol gösterici olması bakımından oldukça önemlidir.

A reliable wastewater characterization is a prerequisite for the selection of an acceptable treatment strategy for produced water which exhibits significant differences due to the varied kinds of wells, seasonal changes, and formation types. A complete characterization of produced water generated from oil, gas, and oil–gas fields in Turkey was performed based on seasonal and locational variations. The results showed that the produced water generated from oil field wells was highly polluted and wastewater volume was higher in comparison to gas and oil–gas field wells. Besides, the characterization of produced water was varying in a wide range based on seasonal and locational variations. Useful relationships were observed between chloride, sodium, bromide, and total dissolved solids concentrations. The results can be used in the design, operation, and optimization of wastewater treatment systems of petroleum and oil industries for future studies.

Produced water, which is co-produced during oil and gas manufacturing, represents one of the largest sources of oily wastewaters. Therefore, treatment of this produced water may improve the economic viability and lead to a new source of water for beneficial use. In this study a submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been studied experimentally for the treatment of brackish oil and natural gas field produced water. This type of wastewater is also characterized with relatively moderate to high amount of salt, oil and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). However, the bacteria which are growing in conventional activated sludge and MBR cannot survive at these strict conditions, therefore acclimation of the bacteria is of vital importance. The performance of the biological system, membrane permeability, the rate and extent of TPH biodegradability have been investigated under different sludge age and F/M ratios. The results obtained by gas chromatography analyses showed that the MBR system could be very effective in the removal of TPH from produced water and a significant improvement in the effluent quality was achieved.

BACKGROUND: Produced water is generated in huge volumes from oil and gas production facilities. Different alternatives including physical, chemical, and biological methods can be applied for the treatment of produced waters. In this study, different pre-treatment alternatives used before a final nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane system were evaluated. A membrane bioreactor and pressurized microfiltration and ultrafiltration systems were used in the pre-treatment stage.RESULTS: According to the results, the highest flux was obtained by the combination of ultrafiltration/microfiltration and nanofiltration; whereas, the maximum removal efficiencies for conductivity and chemical oxygen demand were obtained by the combination of membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis systems.CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the emphasis should be placed on applying the right combination of membrane treatment processes instead of focusing only on pre- or final treatment units. (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry