Objective: When evaluating individuals with the same parent and no phenotype by pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), it is difficult to explain carcass grade difference and select individuals because they have the same value in pedigree BLUP (PBLUP). However, single step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), which can estimate the breeding value suitable for the individual by adding genotype, is more accurate than the existing method.Methods: The breeding value and accuracy were estimated with pedigree BLUP and ssGBLUP using pedigree and genotype of 408 Hanwoo cattle from 16 families with the same parent among siblings produced by fertilized egg transplantation. A total of 14,225 Hanwoo cattle with pedigree, genotype and phenotype were used as the reference population. PBLUP obtained estimated breeding value (EBV) using the pedigree of the test and reference populations, and ssGBLUP obtained genomic EBV (GEBV) after constructing and H-matrix by integrating the pedigree and genotype of the test and reference populations.Results: For all traits, the accuracy of GEBV using ssGBLUP is 0.18 to 0.20 higher than the accuracy of EBV obtained with PBLUP. Comparison of EBV and GEBV of individuals without phenotype, since the value of EBV is estimated based on expected values of alleles passed down from common ancestors. It does not take Mendelian sampling into consideration, so the EBV of all individuals within the same family is estimated to be the same value. However, GEBV makes estimating true kinship coefficient based on different genotypes of individuals possible, so GEBV that corresponds to each individual is estimated rather than a uniform GEBV for each individual.Conclusion: Since Hanwoo cows bred through embryo transfer have a high possibility of having the same parent, if ssGBLUP after adding genotype is used, estimating true kinship coefficient corresponding to each individual becomes possible, allowing for more accurate estimation of breeding value.

This study estimated the environmental effects and genetic parameters for carcass traits of 2,309 Hanwoo steers produced through Embryo Transfer (ET) to confirm the performance improvement achieved. The data used for analysis collected information on offspring produced by ET from 2012 to 2020. SAS 9.4 GLM package was used to analyze the environmental effects affecting carcass traits, and genetic parameters were estimated using the REMLF90 program for heritability, genetic correlation, and phenotypic correlation. The collected Carcass Weight (CWT), Eye Muscle Area (EMA), Back-Fat Thickness (BFT), and Marbling Score (MS) were 505.2±58.19kg, 105.57±13.41cm2, 12.76±4.27mm, and 7.25±1.61 points, respectively. It was found that the environmental effect of growth area and slaughter month had a significant effect (p<0.01) on carcass traits. Heritability was 0.51, 0.64, 0.36, and 0.59 in CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS, respectively, and high heritability was observed in all traits except BFT. Due to the characteristics of ET, it is considered that the effect of genetic improvement was more pronounced because there were many offspring with the same parents or the same father or mother. Therefore, it is judged that more efficient improvement effect and performance can be confirmed if an optimal environmental model is set based on the results of this study and used as basic data for breeding. If these results continue to accumulate, it is thought that it will be able to contribute to the increase in farm household income through the improvement effect.

The genetic improvement of Hanwoo is dependent on the estimated breeding value (EBV) of pedigree-based Korean proven bull's number, and the genetic evaluation for cows is difficult due to insufficient pedigree and test records. Genomic selection involves utilizing the individual's genotype to estimate the breeding value (BV) and is determined to be an appropriate evaluation method for cows who lack test information. This study used pedigree and genotype to estimate and analyse BV and accuracy of Hanwoo cows in the Gyeongnam area using pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) and genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP). The test group acquired pedigree and genotype of 919 Hanwoo cows in the Gyeongnam area. The traits used for analysis were carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle areas (EMA), backfat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS). PBLUP used Reference group 1 containing the pedigree and phenotype of 919 Hanwoo cows and 545,483 heads to construct the numeric relationship matrix and estimated the EBV and accuracy. GBLUP used Reference group 2 containing the genotype and phenotype of 919 Hanwoo cows and 17,226 heads to construct the genomic relationship matrix and estimated the genomic EBV (GEBV) and accuracy. In the order of CWT, EMA, BFT and MS, the accuracy of PBLUP was 0.488, 0.480, 0.482 and 0.486 while the accuracy of GBLUP was higher with 0.779, 0.758, 0.766 and 0.791. And for 104 cows without relationship coefficient on pedigree to the reference group, the accuracy as PBLUP was estimated to be 0, but for GBLUP, it was possible to estimate the accuracy for all individuals. If GBLUP is applied to cows raised in general farms, the genetic evaluation can be performed even on animals without pedigree and high-accuracy estimation, enabling selection of excellent cows. Accordingly, by securing the genetic diversity of cows, it is expected to increase the profitability of farms by decreasing the inbreeding rate and increasing efficiency of elite calf production.

This study was conducted to construct basic data for the selection of elite cows by analyzing the estimated breeding value (EBV) and accuracy using the pedigree of Hanwoo cows in Gyeongnam. The phenotype trait used in the analysis are the carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS). The pedigree of the test group and reference group was collected to build a pedigree structure and a numeric relationship matrix (NRM). The EBV, genetic parameters and accuracy were estimated by applying NRM to the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) multiple-trait animal model of the BLUPF90 program. Looking at the pedigree structure of the test group, there were a total of 2,371 cows born between 2003 to 2009, of these 603 cows had basic registration (25%), 562 cows had pedigree registration (24%) and 1,206 cows had advanced registration (51%). The proportion of pedigree registered cows was relatively low but it gradually increased and reached a point of 20,847 cows (68%) between 2010 to 2017. Looking at the change in the EBV, the CWT improved from 4.992 kg to 9.885 kg, the EMA from 0.970 cm(2) to 2.466 cm(2), the BFT from -0.186 mm to -0.357 mm, and the MS from 0.328 to 0.559 points. As a result of genetic parameter estimation, the heritability of CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 0.587, 0.416, 0.476, and 0.571, respectively, and the accuracy of those were estimated to be 0.559, 0.551, 0.554, and 0.558, respectively. Selection of superior genetic breed and efficient improvement could be possible if cow ability verification is implemented by using the accurate pedigree of each individual in the farms.

This study was carried out to establish the system of OPU derived embryo production, management of recipients as well as offspring production. OPU derived embryo production system was carried out of aspiration of immature oocytes 2 times per week, total 24 times for 3 months by an ultrasonographic guided follicular aspiration system and then produced in vitro-produced blastocysts by in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture system. This work was collected total 13,866 oocytes, average 8.2 ± 4.5 oocytes per session and 8,170 G1 + G2 grade oocytes, average 4.8 oocytes per session by 1,692 times session of total 71 donors for 4 years from 2010 to 2013. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst developmental competence were obtained 11,825 (85.3%) and 5,032 (36.3%) that was 7.0 ± 3.8 cleaved embryos and 3.0 ± 2.5 blastocysts per session. OPU derived embryo transfer were taken place in 2, 4, 6 and 7 local governments at 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 for 4 years and pregnancy rate were obtained 41.2, 43.9, 46.5 and 49.7% in each years. It means that pregnancy rate was continuously improved according of every year for 4 years. Pregnancy rate was significantly different according to individual local government in which was 62.7% in B, but 24.2% in F at 2012. Paternity identification was carried out total 26 offspring in C local government of 2012 and then confirmed 100% agreement of its analysis. In conclusion, the results obtained the possibility of mass production of elite cow embryos as well as offspring by OPU derived embryo production system, of which could be decreased the required time of genetic improvement.

In the present study, to determine the effects of terminal sire strains, carcass characteristics, yields of retail cut, and meat quality of 425 pigs were examined. Terminal sires were divided into five strains (D1, D2, B 1, B2, and BD) based on the countries of origin and breeds. The strains D1 and D2 showed high grade 1+ appearance ratios and strains B1, B2, and D1 showed high appearance ratios of carcass yield grade A. As for the real retail cut yields of meat, strain D1 showed large real retail cut yields of meat in shoulder, rib, fore leg, loin, belly, tenderloin and hind leg. Moisture contents were significantly higher in strain Bl, and protein and fat contents were significantly higher for strain D1 than in the other strains (p < 0.05). Shear force values were significantly higher for strain B1 than in the other strains (p < 0.05). For meat color properties, the lightness were significantly higher in strains D1, D2, and BD, and the yellowness were significantly higher in strains D1, D2, and BD relative to the other strains (p < 0.05). In sensory evaluation, drip of strains D1 and D2 were significantly lower while marbling and overall acceptability were significantly higher in the other four strains (p < 0.05). Therefore, when considering the results of the present study comprehensively, using strains D1 and D2 that showed high grade 1+ appearance ratios, large real retail cut yields of belly, significantly higher lightness and sensory evaluation will be helpful to the incomes of producers and farm households.

본 연구는 성, 도축계절 및 도축연도가 도체형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 도체형질이 경락가격과 총가격에 미치는 기여도를 추정하기 위해 수행되었다. 2008년에서 2010년까지 도축된 한우4,231두의 도체등급 자료를 분석에 이용하였다. 성, 도축계절 및 도축연도는 도체형질에 유의적인 영향을 미쳤다. 준부분 상관제곱(squared semi-partial correlation) 값을 이용한 요인별 기여도 분석에서 경락가격의 R-Square는 0.55로 나타났다. 등지방두께, 배최장근단면적, 도체중 및 근내지방도의 경락가격 기여도는 각각 2.66, 0.32, 3.48 및 93.54%였다. 총가격의 R-Square가 0.82로 나타났으며, 근내지방도와 도체중의 기여도는 각각 46.25%와 52.38%였다. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of sex, slaughtered season and year on carcass traits, and the contribution of carcass traits to auction and total prices. The data used in this study were the carcass grade of Hanwoo (4,231 heads) slaughtered from 2008 to 2010. Carcass traits were affected significantly (p<0.01) by sex, slaughtered season and year. The R-Square of auction prices, analyzed the contribution of causes using the squared semi-partial correlation, was 0.55. The contributions of auction prices of backfat thickness, eye muscle area, carcass weight and marbling score were 2.66, 0.32, 3.48 and 93.54%, respectively. The R-Square of total price was 0.82, and the contributions of marbling score and carcass weight were 46.25% and 52.38%.