Purpose To evaluate the results of surgical correction of congenital nystagmus based on the use of extensive recessions of the four horizontal rectus muscles. The outcome of this procedure in terms of visual performance of the patients has been analyzed in follow-ups of at least 1 year. Methods Surgery was performed on 42 patients. An extended retroequatorial recession of the four horizontal rectus muscles was performed between 13 and 15 mm from the muscle insertion with hang back sutures in every case. Preoperatively, all cases showed either a horizontal pendular (4 cases) or jerk nystagmus (38 cases). Results After surgery, all cases showed full preservation of ductions in all gaze positions. Torticollis decreased in all cases. Binocular best-corrected vision improved in 19 (45.2%) patients and in the remaining 23 (54.8%) it remained unchanged. Consecutive exotropia was observed postoperatively in 7 patients. A second surgical procedure was performed in 9 cases (21.4%) and a botulinum injection in 3 cases (7%). All cases of diplopia resolved. Patient satisfaction was high in 38 cases (96%). Conclusions Extended recession of horizontal rectus muscles using hang back sutures offers a good option for the surgical correction of sensorial and neuromuscular nystagmus, providing improvement in binocular best-corrected vision in 45% of the patients (21.4% more than 0.2 logMar units), a high satisfaction rate, and few associated complications. In patients with low vision this can be considered a success that may improve quality of life.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the postoperative outcomes in uveitic eyes after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.SETTING:Multicenter (19) international study.METHODS:This prospective randomized comparative interventional case series comprised 140 eyes of 140 patients who had phacoemulsification and implantation of IOLs of various materials: hydrophobic acrylic (n = 48), silicone (n = 44), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (n = 26), or heparin-surface-modified PMMA (HSM PMMA) (n = 22). Preoperative and postoperative grading and control of intraocular inflammation were performed. Clinically significant observations, visual outcomes, and the incidence of postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:At the final follow-up, 64 eyes (46.3%) had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, an improvement that was highly significant (P <.0001). One day after surgery, the acrylic group had the lowest inflammation values and the silicone group the highest (P =.02). The acrylic group continued to have the lowest inflammation grade values until the 3-month follow-up. The acrylic and HSM PMMA groups had the lowest incidence of relapses. Posterior capsule opacification developed in 48 eyes (34.2%), with the highest incidence in the silicone group.CONCLUSIONS:Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in selected uveitic eyes was safe and effective. Acrylic IOLs provided a better visual outcome and lower complication rate than IOLs of other materials.

The objective of the study was to ascertain whether it is necessary electromiographic (EMG) control of the muscle to obtain good results in terms of ocular alignment and postoperative complications when injecting botulinum toxin in the medial rectus muscles in children under sedation. Forty children 6 to 48 months of age were entered consecutively into the study once the initial diagnosis of essential infantile esotropia had been made. Patients were followed up for 6 months. The effectiveness of the injection was recorded in terms of tropia, paralysis and associated complications. The commonest complications were ptosis and vertical deviation. If anaesthetic risks are higher and the results obtained are similar when using EMG control.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the recovery of postoperative corneal sensitivity after laser in situ kerato-mileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of low myopia.METHODS: In a prospective study, 17 consecutive eyes (17 patients) underwent laser in situ keratomileusis to correct myopia ranging from -3.25 to -6.75 diopters, and another 18 consecutive eyes (18 patients) underwent photorefractive keratectomy to correct myopia from -3.12 to -7.00 diopters, Corneal sensitivity was tested preoperatively and I week and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Corneal sensitivity was tested at the center of the cornea, and in four additional central points 2 mm from the corneal center (nasal, inferior, temporal, and superior).RESULTS: Corneal sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis was reduced at the ablated zone during the first 3 months after surgery (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P < .05), and only after 6 months it returned to its preoperative values. However, corneal sensitivity recovered its preoperative values 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P > .05), except for the central corneal point, where 3 months were required. Comparing both groups, corneal sensitivity was more depressed after laser in situ keratomileusis than after photorefractive keratectomy during the first 3 months (Mann-Whitney test, P < .05), except fur the nasal central point, although no differences were found between both groups at 6 months (P > .05).CONCLUSIONS: In the correction of low myopia, cor neal sensitivity at the ablated zone was more depressed after laser in situ keratomileusis than after photorefractive keratectomy during the first 3 months after surgery. Only after 6 months were corneal sensitivity values similar in both groups. (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Research Articles| August 04 2010 Morphologie und Pathologie homologer Doppelinfekte des Hühnereies Subject Area: Further Areas , Oncology , Pathology and Cell Biology F. Dosch F. Dosch (Aus dem Hygiene-Institut der Universität Wien und der Pathologisch-Histologischen Abteilung des Institutes.) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Schweizerische Zeitschrift für allgemeine Pathologie und Bakteriologie (1955) 18 (1): 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1159/000160764 Article history Received: November 16 1954 Published Online: August 04 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. Dosch; Morphologie und Pathologie homologer Doppelinfekte des Hühnereies. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für allgemeine Pathologie und Bakteriologie 1 January 1955; 18 (1): 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1159/000160764 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsSchweizerische Zeitschrift für allgemeine Pathologie und Bakteriologie Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1955Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.

Purpose: To evaluate the visual results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to treat pediatric patients with amblyopic myopic anisometropia in whom conventional amblyopia treatments have failed.Setting: Institute Oftalmologico de Alicante, University of Alicante, Spain.Methods: Six patients aged 5 to 7 years with amblyopic myopic anisometropia were treated by PRK in the more myopic eye using a VISX Twenty-Twenty excimer laser. Minimum preoperative refraction in the amblyopic eyes ranged from -4.00 to -13.00 diopters and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), from 20/40 to 20/400. All cases completed a minimum of 2 years follow-up of antiamblyopic treatment.Results: After PRK, preoperative BCVA was maintained without optical correction and complementary refraction resulted in increased BCVA in every case. One patient with high myopia developed severe haze. There were no other significant complications.Conclusion: Our results indicate that PRK may be an alternative for the correction of pediatric myopic anisometropia and an important aid in treating amblyopia. When other therapies have failed, using PRK in children of the ages in this study must be carefully evaluated, however, our results suggest a beneficial effect.

Purpose: To determine whether intracapsular intraocular lens (IOL) implantation leads to less anterior chamber inflammation than sulcus implantation in eyes having uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE).Setting: Division of Ophthalmology, University of Alicante, Spain.Methods: This study comprised 314 consecutive uneventful ECCEs with implantation of a rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) IOL performed by the same surgeon. Inflammation was assessed by evaluating aqueous flare and cells using a laser flare-cell meter. Flare and cells were measured in both eyes of all patients preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 15 and at the end of months 1, 2, and 3. In 131 eyes (41.7%), the haptics were in the bag and in 114 (36.3%), in the sulcus. In 69 eyes (22.0%), implantation was combined sulcus-bag.Results: Flare and cell counts were high on day 1 regardless of the haptic placement. The counts were highest in eyes with sulcus implantation (32.4 +/- 3.6 [SD] flare; 31.8 +/- 3.2 cells) and lowest in eyes with in-the-bag implantation (27.5 +/- 4.7 flare; 22.3 +/- 2.8 cells). One day postoperatively, the difference between groups in cell count was statistically significant but not in flare measurements. There were no significant between-group differences on day 2 and thereafter. Thirty days postoperatively, flare and cell counts were similar in all eyes.Conclusion: Inflammation after uneventful ECCE with IOL implantation resolved within about 3 months of surgery, with flare and cell counts similar to those preoperatively. There was a small but detectable difference in flare and cell counts on the first day after surgery based on haptic location.

PURPOSE:To prospectively evaluate the inflammation response after uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.SETTING:Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alicante, Spain.METHODS:Using a Kowa laser flare-cell meter, we measured cell and flare for 3 months postoperatively in 550 eyes of 435 consecutive patients who had uneventful ECCE and IOL implantation. We compared the results in terms of the type of IOL implanted.RESULTS:The amount of inflammation varied, but not significantly, according to the IOL type. The highest level of flare and cell always occurred the day following surgery regardless of which IOL was used. A small increase in flare was observed on the 30th day.CONCLUSION:Inflammation after uncomplicated ECCE, as measured with a laser flare-cell meter, resolved by 3 months and was not significantly affected by the type of IOL implanted. More sensitive instruments should be developed to measure inflammation immediately after surgery.

Todavia nos es desconocido si la eficacia de la Ciclosporina A sobre los procesos inflamatorios uveales se debe a una accion fundamentalmente sistemica o bien local. Hemos estudiado un total de 60 pacientes intervenidos en nuestro hospital por desprendimiento de retina regmatogeno (20 casos) o catarata. Los pacientes recibieron 1 dosis de 5 mg/Kg previa a la cirugia. Posteriormente, muestras de sangre, acuoso y liquido subretiniano fueron extraidas y determinada la concentracion de Ciclosporina de cada una de ellas por inmunofluorescencia polarizada. Los niveles de Ciclosporina en liquido subretiniano se presentan en un 60% de los casos dentro del rango terapeutico y presentan una correlacion positiva con los niveles plasmaticos, apareciendo un modelo farmacocinetico de eliminacion monoexponencial.

La penetracion de Ciclosporina A en la camara anterior es dificil de conseguir a concentraciones terapeuticas. Para ello se han ensayado diferentes terapeuticas, como los escudos de colageno corneales. El presente estudio se ha realizado sobre un total de 60 pacientes intervenidos de cirugia de la catarata bajo anestesia local. Treinta de ellos recibieron una pauta topica de Ciclosporina al 2% cada 6 horas las 24 horas anteriores a la cirugia; a otros 30 individuos se les aplico ademas un escudo de colageno corneal. El estudio de ambos modelos farmacocineticos permite observar el efecto potenciador del escudo de colageno, que aumenta en 1, 8 veces la capacidad de penetracion de la ciclosporina en camara anterior, obteniendo en ella niveles superiores a 35 ng/ml. Ademas, con el uso de estos apositos existe un desplazamiento a la izquierda de un 25% de la curva de penetracion del farmaco.

The efficacy and tolerance of high dose intravitreal foscarnet for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS was studied. Foscarnet in a dose of 2400 micrograms was injected directly into the vitreous of 11 patients (15 eyes). Five patients had active retinitis (eight eyes, 53.3%), and received a 3 week induction therapy of six injections as the first step. Six patients had initial inactive retinitis (seven eyes, 46.7%), and received only maintenance therapy which consisted of a weekly injection. The main indications for intravitreal therapy were: myelosuppression, kidney toxicity, catheter related sepsis, or refusal of intravenous therapy. The patients were followed for a mean period of 16 weeks (range 8-28 weeks) and received a total of 304 injections. Vitreous foscarnet levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. After a 3 week course of induction therapy, complete resolution of the active retinitis was seen in 62.5% (5/8 cases), while 37.5% (3/8 cases) had partial resolution. No cases failed to respond or progress. The rate of relapse on maintenance therapy was 33% (five of 15 eyes) by 20 weeks, and two of these eyes did not respond to reinduction and progressed in involvement of the macula or optic nerve. Neither important local complications nor intraocular drug toxicity were observed. Vitreous foscarnet levels in two different patients were 896 mumol/l and 74.9 mumol/l at 22 3/4 hours and 42 1/2 hours after the injection. Intravitreal foscarnet appears to be a safe, effective, and useful alternative in patients with intolerance to intravenous and viral therapy.

The major aspects of the glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant defense of human retina are presented. These include concentration of GSH and activities of some GSH-dependent enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione disulfide reductase, and glutathione S-transferase toward a broad spectrum substrate 1-chlor-2,4-dinitrobenzene and a toxic product of lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal). The presence of a relatively high GSH concentration, GSH peroxidase activity, and GSH S-transferase specific activity toward 4-hydroxynonenal in human retina might constitute a central defense mechanism in inflammation-promoted oxidative stress and subsequent lipid peroxidation. The use of different substrates for the determination of the GSH peroxidase activity showed no statistically significant difference, thus suggesting the lack of Se-independent GSH peroxidase in human retina. Large individual variations were obtained for GSH concentration and the different activities tested the apparent correlation with age of these findings is currently under investigation.