Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains one of the most significant viral pathogens in veterinary medicine due to its high transmissibility and continuous genetic evolution. Despite more than four decades of intensive research, a data-driven assessment of how global research priorities align with the virus's evolving epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics is still lacking. This study presents a comprehensive scientometric analysis of global CPV research published between 1980 and 2024, aiming to identify dominant research themes, collaboration structures, and critical knowledge gaps. A total of 818 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection were analysed using the Bibliometrix R package. The findings reveal a highly centralised but stable research ecosystem, predominantly led by the United States and Italy, with a strong emphasis on molecular characterisations, VP2 gene variants, and vaccine-related studies. Thematic evolution analysis demonstrates a clear transition from early clinicopathological descriptions toward molecular epidemiology and evolutionary surveillance. However, a key imbalance emerges: although CPV research increasingly adopts a One Health perspective, scientific output remains disproportionately concentrated in a limited number of high-income regions, systematically under-representing areas with potentially high disease burden and surveillance needs. In conclusion, this study maps the historical and conceptual evolution of CPV research while explicitly identifying neglected domains in global surveillance and geographical coverage. These findings provide a strategic evidence base for researchers, funding agencies, and policy stakeholders to recalibrate research priorities toward emerging variants, under-investigated regions, and integrated One Health-oriented surveillance frameworks.

Oxidative stress is considered a significant contributing factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, there is a paucity of clinical data in the literature regarding the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in cats with naturally developing CKD. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether the addition of NAC in the treatment of cats with acute exacerbations of CKD could improve kidney function biomarkers over the use of intravenous fluid therapy alone. A total of 50 client-owned cats were included in the study. The inclusion criteria comprised cats previously diagnosed with azotemic CKD (IRIS stage 2–4) in addition to ultrasonographic evidence of bilaterally decreased renal mass, rough surface contours, and alteration of renal cortical echogenicity. All cats were examined using standard clinical procedures, including clinical examination, blood analyses, abdominal ultrasonography, dipstick urinalysis and urine culture. Computer-generated randomisation was utilised to assign the cats into the following groups: NAC (n:40): N-acetylcysteine (70 mg/kg, diluted in 50 ml 0.9

Among dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), thrombocytosis is frequently reported and is considered to be associated with a hypercoagulable state. Substantial and easily accessible haematological evidence such as platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) indicating hypercoagulability may serve as a basis for considering therapeutic management. This study was performed on 22 dogs diagnosed with uncomplicated pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Twelve dogs were assigned to the control group by computer-based randomisations. A series of standard clinical procedures in all dogs, including clinical examination, blood analyses, urinalysis and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Platelet-related indices such as PLT, PCT, MPV and PDW were also evaluated at the time of admission in all dogs. Dogs were excluded if they had a secondary disease or hypertension (≥160 mmHg). Although no statistical significance was present, PLT, PCT and PDW were higher in PDH dogs compared to healthy controls. In addition, MPV was lower in PDH dogs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, exhausted bone marrow activity associated with the chronicity of HAC may demonstrate lower MPV values in dogs with PDH. Further studies evaluating the relationship between platelet parameters obtained by whole blood samples and PDH dogs are needed.

Feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition in cats. International guideline adherence may vary among veterinary practitioners. The objective of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring practices of primary care veterinarians in Turkey regarding feline CKD and to compare these practices with guidelines. A cross-sectional online questionnaire consisting of 32 items was distributed to veterinarians. The survey addressed demographics, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities and monitoring strategies for feline CKD cases. Descriptive statistics were calculated to analyse responses. A total of 281 veterinarians participated. While 93.6% were aware of IRIS guidelines, only 55.2% reported performing all recommended diagnostic procedures. SDMA was used alongside creatinine by 73.6% of respondents. However, only 30.5% routinely measured blood pressure. Telmisartan and ACE inhibitors were commonly used, but amlodipine was prescribed by only 8.9%. Most veterinarians recommended renal diets irrespective of CKD stage and typically suggested a short 1–2 week transition period. Follow-up intervals varied, with 40.9% recommending re-evaluations every 2–3 months. Although awareness of international guidelines is high, discrepancies remain in disease substaging, blood pressure monitoring and antihypertensive drug selection. Greater emphasis on blood pressure measurement and improved access to feline-licensed drugs may enhance CKD management in cats.

BACKGROUND:The invasive nature of liver biopsy and the risk of complications make patients reluctant to undergo the procedure. This situation has necessitated the search for easily accessible haematological indexes such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width to lymphocyte ratio (RDW/LYM) to contribute to the clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation processes in dogs with cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study is to evaluate some predictive markers to contribute the clinical diagnosis in dogs with cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis. MEDHODS:Seventeen client-owned dogs with cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis were randomly allocated. Nine clinically healthy dogs (control group) confirmed with clinical examination, complete blood count (CBC) and serum profiles were used. Cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis was diagnosed in dogs with dilated bile ducts, thickened gallbladder wall up to 4 mm and increased parenchymal echogenicity. Clinical procedures including clinical examination, blood analyses and diagnostic abdominal ultrasonography were performed in all dogs. CBC indices such as NLR, mean platelet volume to platelet ratio (MPV/PLT), red cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RDW/PLT), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and RDW/LYM were calculated using absolute CBC values. RESULTS:A final total of 10 dogs were enrolled in the study. NLR and RDW/LYM ratios were significantly higher (p < 00.5) in dogs with cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis compared to healthy ones. CONCLUSION:The results of this study suggest that the use of NLR and RDW/LYM ratio in dogs with cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis complex appears potentially promising. Larger prospective, case-control studies are needed to further evaluate these findings. Veterinary practitioners can obtain valuable diagnostic data before possible invasive liver procedures by evaluating NLR and RDW/LYM ratios, which are easily obtained from CBC parameters.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) and left atrial (LA) parameters such as size, volume, and function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Cats were assigned into following groups: clinically healthy cats (n=8), HCM without SEC (n=12), and HCM with SEC (n=8). Left atrial shortening fraction (LAFS%) and left atrial fractional area change (LAFAC) had statistical significance between groups. In conclusion, compared to the healthy individuals, the presence of a decreased trend in levels of LAFS% and LAFAC in HCMSEC cats could be a predictive marker for the thromboembolic risk assessment. Further studies enrolling the asymptomatic HCM cats need to be conducted to define a cut-off value of LAFS% and LAFAC before the SEC formation.

In this study, pre-chemotherapy hematological values of 14 dogs diagnosed with diffuse B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma were compared with the hematological data of 26 healthy dogs. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet/neutrophil ratio (PNR) were evaluated between two groups. Anemia and an increased total leukocyte count were observed in dogs with lymphoma compared to healthy ones. The PNR value was found to be significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma. It was concluded that more comprehensive studies are needed to clearly understand the diagnostic and prognostic importance of hematological parameters in B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma of dogs.

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB) is a highly contagious disease of dogs expressed with remarkable respiratory signs. Therapy with antibiotics in canine ITB still remains questionable. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical success of clarithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin and doxycycline in the treatment of canine ITB. Client-owned dogs with canine ITB signs (n=60) were enrolled in this prospective, controlled, and randomized blinded clinical trial. A computer-generated list randomization was employed to assign the dogs equally into the Group CLA: clarithromycin (25 mg/kg, PO), the Group AMX: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (25 mg/kg, PO), the Group ENR: enrofloxacin (2.5 mg/kg, PO), and the Group DOX: doxycycline (5 mg/kg, PO). The administration of CLA alleviated the cough sign earlier than DOX. The recovery time of oculonasal discharge in group CLA were also earlier compared to the other groups. The tracheal sensitivity also disappeared earlier in the Groups CLA and AMX. In conclusion although there is no always statistically significance between groups, clarithromycin appears to be superior to other antibiotics suggesting that it can be the first antibiotic choice to alleviate the ITB signs in dogs.

A 10-year-old male Cocker Spaniel was presented for evaluation of right forelimb lameness and seizure-like episodes. Panting with increased respiratory rate and opisthotonus were evident during the physical examination. Cardiac auscultation revealed a left basilar, grade III/VI systolic murmur. The dog was stabilized with diazepam, fluid therapy, and oxygen. Indirect arterial blood pressure measured in the left forelimb by Doppler technique revealed no abnormalities. Thoracic radiography indicated a noticeable bulge in the area of the ascending aortic arch. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed marked aortic dilatation with a mobile, floating tissue flap dividing the aorta into two lumens. Additional diagnostic studies (computerized tomography, cardiac catheterization, and angiography) were offered but not obtained. Medical management included therapy with enalapril and clopidogrel. Clinical signs, including the right forelimb lameness and seizures, resolved within 24 h. This report represents an unusual case of aortic dissection in a dog associated with neurological signs.

Retrospective evaluation of the cardiopulmonary data is the main point in prevention and treatment of the diseases.In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate the data of 570 client-owned patients (321 dogs and 249 cats) referred to cardiology unit.The clinical findings, electrocardiographic data, echocardiography and blood analyses were evaluated.Acquired heart disease in 214 patients (37.54%), congenital heart disease in 38 patients (6.6%), and diseases affecting the lower and/or upper respiratory tract in 98 patients (17.19%) were found.Dilated cardiomyopathy was the most common acquired heart disease, and patent ductus arteriosus was the most common congenital heart disease in dogs.In cats, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the most common acquired heart disease, while tricuspid valve dysplasia was the most common congenital heart disease.It was concluded that clinical findings, physical examination and diagnostic applications should be evaluated together in the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary diseases.

The aim of this case report is to point out the neurological signs, long term management of the case and MRI lesions suggestive of cerebral haemorrhage in a dog with IMHA and concurrent thrombocytopenia. A 3.5-year-old intact female Cocker Spaniel dog was examined for anorexia, weakness, exercise intolerance and two collapse episodes. Based on the diagnostic procedures primary immune mediated hemolytic anaemia concurrent with severe thrombocytopenia were confirmed. The dog remained stable with prednisolone and fluid therapy for 6 weeks. The dog was later referred to emergency service with hemianopia, head tilt and epilepsy-like signs. Brain MRI lesions showed central line deviation, oedema and cerebral haemorrhage. Post-treatment MRI also provided clear evidence of resolution the cerebral haemorrhage. The dog was asymptomatic for 6 months after splenectomy. To the best our knowledge, this is the first fully documented report of cerebral haemorrhage in a dog with immune mediated hemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia.

Porencephaly is an extremely rare congenital disorder of the central nervous system characterized by focal cerebral cysts and cavities. Central diabetes insipidus is also a well-described condition in veterinary medicine. A 4-year-old Terrier dog was referred to the hospital with polyuria and polydipsia. Based on a diagnostic examination, porencephaly complicated by central diabetes insipidus was determined. Treatment consisted in administering intranasal desmopressin to the conjunctiva. The dog remains clinically healthy for 2 years. This case report reflects the MRI features of porencephaly and central diabetes insipidus associated with congenital porencephaly.

This study details the relationship between maternal plasma oxidant-antioxidant enzymes with colostrum quality, serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM concentrations of calves in the different calving seasons. Holstein breed cows between two and eight lactations and their calves were enrolled in the study. Holstein cows calving in winter (n=45) and their calves (n=45) were assigned to the winter group, while cows calving in summer (n=45) and their calves (n=45) were assigned to the summer group. Samples for malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were collected on day -21±3 before expected calving and also on calving day (Day 0). IgG and the specific gravity of the colostrum were determined after calving. Serum GGT and IgG and IgM were measured before the feeding, with colostrum, of calves (0 hours) and also in the 24th hour following the feeding of colostrum. Plasma MDA levels at -21±3 and 0 days in the summer cows were determined to be higher. GSH-Px activity was higher in the winter cows. IgG levels and the specific gravity of the colos- trum were also higher in the winter cows. Calf IgG levels at the 24th hour of life were higher in the winter cows. In the winter group, IgM levels at 0 and 24 hours were also higher. While MDA was negatively correlated with IgG, IgM, GGT, IgG and the specific gravity of colostrum, GSH-Px activity had a positive correlation with IgG, IgM, GGT, IgG and the specific gravity of colostrum. The observed differences in plasma MDA, GSH-Px, calf serum IgG and IgM levels, and colostrum quality between both groups suggest a possible seasonal effect. The relationship between maternal oxidant-antioxidant enzymes, colostrum quality, and passive calf immunity revealed that these enzymes could be used as indicators in the evaluation of calf health and colos- trum quality.

This study examined the effects of injectable vitamin and trace element combination during the transition period on clinical-biochemical parameters and reproductive performance in Brown Swiss dairy cows.Sixty multiparous cows were randomly allocated two groups as trace element-vitamin treated (n=30) and control (n=30).Animals received four injections at the beginning of the dry period, 21 days before parturition, the day of parturition, and postpartum 30±5 days.Energy, protein, hepatic metabolism markers, blood mineral levels concentrations were measured at -7±4 days antepartum, 3±2 days, and 30±5 days postpartum.Genital tract examinations were performed at 30±5 day postpartum.Treated cows showed lower glucose, total protein, urea, and greater NEFA concentration -7±4 days relative to calving.Effect of vitamin and trace element on serum calcium and phosphorus levels were significant.The total pregnancy rate was 95.8% and 59.09%, in treatment and control groups respectively at 150 days postpartum (P<0.05).In conclusion, trace element and vitamin supplementation increased pregnancy rate significantly and treatment positively affected energy, ion metabolism, and hepatic function.

Feline dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare disease characterized by myocardial failure and systolic dysfunction. Taurine deficiency is the most important cause of DCM phenotype in cats. A 2 year-old Scottish fold and a 8 month-old domestic shorthair cat were referred to hospital with anorexia, weakness and increased respiratory effort. Based on electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic findings, the both cases were diagnosed with DCM. The cases were managed with pimobendan, furosemide, acetylsalicylic acid and taurine. The cats were more active and clinically healthy during 15 days follow-up. No remarkable changes were observed in follow up echocardiographies. The cases presented here reflect the clinical signs, cardiological examination findings, diagnosis and management of idiopathic DCMin 2 cats.

Cardiac remodeling in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR) may stimulate several supraventricular arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to point out the potential of cardiac arrhythmias related to remodeling in dogs with MR. The study was carried out in 30 client-owned dogs with the signs of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Routine clinical applications including cardiac examination, blood analyses and imaging procedures were performed. The inclusion criterion was the presence of left apical heart murmur. While group 1 (n:10) was defined as mild MR with regurgitant jet occupying less than 20% of the left atrial area, group 2 (n:10) was defined as moderate MR with regurgitant jet occupying between 20-40% of the left atrial area. Group 3 (n:10) was also defined as severe MR with regurgitant jet occupying more than 40% of the left atrial area. ECG variables were recorded by a 6-lead ECG machine. Arrhythmias in dogs with MMVD included Sinus Tachycardia (n:11, 37%), Sinus Arrhythmia (n:10, 33%), Supraventricular Premature Complex (n:4, 13%), Atrial Fibrillation (n:4, 13%), Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome (n:2, 6%), 2nd Degree Atrioventricular Block (n:2, 6%), Left Bundle Branch Block (n:1, 3%) and Sinus Pause (n:1, 3%). No significant association were found between the presence of cardiac arrhythmias and the severity of MR groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, cardiac remodeling in dogs with MR can induce several supraventricular arrhythmias. Although we could not find significant correlations between the presence of cardiac arrhythmias and the severity of MR groups, further studies with larger case series are required.

Akut solunum güçlüğü sendromu (ARDS) kedilerde acil müdahale gerektiren ve mortalitesi oldukça yüksek bir klinik sendromdur. Dokuların yeterli düzeyde oksijenlenmesindeki sorunlar şiddetli fiziksel ve mental disstrese neden olmakta ve bu durum hızlı şekilde ölüm ile sonuçlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışma; ARDS’li kedilerde klinikopatolojik bulguların değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma akut solunum güçlüğü ve taşipne şikayeti ile getirilen 84 kedi ile gerçekleştirildi. Eşgal ve anamnez bilgileri kaydedilen hastalarda vücut ısısı, kapillar dolum zamanı, dakikadaki solunum sayısı ve dehidrasyon derecesi belirlendi; mukoza kontrolleri, kalp ve akciğer oskültasyonları kısa sürede yapıldı. Ayırıcı tanıya gidebilmek için hastalarda kan analizleri ve diyagnostik uygulamalar gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen kedilerin (n:84) 55’i acil vaka olarak değerlendirildi ve oksijen desteği sağlandı. Hastaların 71’ inde kan analizleri, 68’inde toraks grafileri, 22’sinde Ekokardiyografi ve 3’ ünde torakosentez uygulandı. Çalışmada; solunum güçlüğü olan 84 kedinin 65’inde (%77.38) non-kardiyojenik nedenler, 19 kedide ise (%22.62) kardiyojenik nedenler belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; kedilerde akut respiratorik disstres sendromu bir çok klinikopatolojik nedene bağlı şekillenmekte ve hızlı tanı ve tedavi yapılmazsa akut solunum aresti sonucu ölüme neden olmaktadır.