Nach der Todesurachenstatistik betrug die Inzidenz des plötzlichen Kindstodes von 1985 bis 1989 in der Bundesrepublik 1,55 Fälle pro 1000 Lebendgeborene (1,51 bis 1,59). Es liegen jedoch bisher keine Angaben über die Obduktionsfrequenz vor. Deshalb wurden rechtsmedizinische und pathologische Institute mit der Bitte angeschrieben, mitzuteilen, bei wie vielen Säuglingstodesfällen in der Zeit von 1985 bis 1989 nach der Obduktion die Diagnose eines plötzlichen Kindstodes gestellt wurde. Alle angeschriebenen 53 rechtsmedizinischen und 81,1% der 376 pathologischen Institute teilten uns die Obduktionszahlen mit, die mit den Angaben der Todesursachenstatistik verglichen wurden. Dabei ergab sich eine Obduktionsfrequenz von 55,2% mit nur geringen jährlichen Schwankungen (51,1% bis 59,3%) und erheblichen Unterschieden zwischen den einzelnen Bundesländern. Die höchsten Obduktionsfrequenzen wurden in den Stadstaaten Berlin (West) und Hamburg erreicht. Bei den Flächenstaaten wies Niedersachsen mit 77,8% die höchste Obduktionsfrequenz auf, während in Rheinland-Pfalz von allen Bundesländern die niedrigste Rate mit 20,1% zu verzeichnen war. Sowohl unter wissenschaftlichen, forensischen und ärztlichen Aspekten sollte die Obduktionsfrequenz bei plötzlich verstorbenen Säuglingen in Deutschland erhöht werden.

BACKGROUND:Immunophenotyping may aid in distinguishing more aggressive forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), thereby improving classification and treatment.OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to investigate the relations between clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic profiles in determining variables with respect to outcome.METHODS:Thirty-seven cases of histologically proven CTCL were analyzed in relation to clinical responses to treatment with interferon alfa alone or in combination with PUVA. Clinical stage, immunophenotyping, and histologic features were noted.RESULTS:All patients with no response to therapy had deletion of T-cell CD7 antigen. In contrast, only 21% of patients with a complete response had CD7 deletion. Deletion of the CD5 antigen occurred in 50% of patients with no response and in no patients with complete response. Large cell histologic features were found in 16% of patients with a complete response, 42% with a partial response, and 83% with no response. The presence or absence of other T-cell antigens and the clinical stage of disease did not correlate with outcome.CONCLUSION:Immunophenotypic analysis may be of greatest value in identifying a subset of high-risk CTCL patients, including those previously classified as low risk on the basis of clinical stage.

Monitoring of the HIV-1-seroprevalence of drug related fatalities was carried out in 14 different German cities from 1985-1989. Out of 1358 examined cases 276 (20%) proved to be positive. The HIV-1-prevalence is decreasing (average of all cities: 1985: 29%; 1989: 13%). There are enormous regional differences (e. g. in Berlin 36% - highest prevalence; in Hamburg 11%). It is shown that the data of drug deaths are representative for the situation of living i. v. drug users. Former prognoses about an enormous increase of HIV-1-seroprevalence in i.v. drug users have not come true. Continuous monitoring of the HIV-1-status of drug related fatalities seems to be an adequate means to demonstrate the HIV-epidemiology within this high-risk group.

T lymphocytes play an important role in the generation, maintenance, and specificity of the skin immune response. T cells are the predominant class of lymphocytes found in the skin and moderate many of the initial immune responses, such as allergic contact and delayed-type hypersensitivity. In addition, the primary class of cutaneous lymphomas is believed to be of T-cell lineage. All of the antigen and MHC-restriction capabilities are manifested by the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), the study of which has been the primary focus of immunologists for many years. Proper recognition of antigen and MHC-restriction by the TCR is necessary for the activation of the T cell. The analysis of the TCR has proved to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of lymphomas and the study of the normal skin immune system. Recently, TCR subset populations were found to be expressed specifically within the epidermis and have been hypothesized to be important in the maintenance of immunity in the skin immune system. In this article, we discuss the relationship of T cells to the immune system and the importance of the TCR to its function and homeostasis.

We have sequenced and analyzed the flanking and coding regions of four closely related mouse VH gene segments referred to as the T15 gene subfamily. We have found that although the sequence homologies between the four members of this family are greatest in the coding region, significant homologies extend into the leader sequences and the flanking regions as well. Sequence comparisons of the promoter regions of other VH gene segments indicate that the octamer promoter sequence is part of a larger conserved sequence that may play an important role in immunoglobulin gene transcription. Analysis of the lambda clones containing the members of this subfamily indicate that despite the close linkage of two of the members, the average number of kilobases of DNA between the germ-line gene segments of this family is likely to be very great.

Anhand zahlreicher kontrollierter Studien konnte bewiesen werden, daß die Intracoronare Thrombolysetherapie beim akuten Myokardinfarkt in der Lage ist.dle Infarktgröße zu begrenzen und die Langzeitprognose zu verbessern. Der hohe apparative und personelle Aufwand der Intracoronaren Throntolyse sowie die Entwicklung neuer.ralt geringeren Nebenwirkungen verbundener Throrabolytika führ t jedoch in zunehmenden HaSe zur systetnischen Thrombolysetherapie des akuten Herzinfarktes. Während bei der intracoronaren Lyse eine Kontrolle des Therapieerfolgs unmittelbar angiographisch erfolgt.wird man bei der systemischen Behandlung zuna'chst auf nicht1nvasive.Methoden zurückgreifen wollen.Zur sicheren Beurteilung der ReperfusIonsrate bietet sich das Elektrokardiogramm mit 63 Brustwandableitungen an ("prücordiales mapplng"). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde bei Patienten mit akutem transmuralem HyokardInfarkt der Zusammenhang .zwischen dem Reperfusionsgrad und dem zeitlichen Verhalten der ST-Hebung im Elektrokardiogramm untersucht und wurden EKG-Kriterien einer erfolgreichen Thrombolysetherapie aufgestellt. Tabelle 1: Einschlußkriterie mit intracoronare für die Behandlung des akute« Streptokinase

The critical current densityj\min{c}\max{ov}of multifilamentary Nb3Sn conductors depends on the diameter of the filaments. At low fields (less than about 12 T)j\min{c}\max{ov}increases with decreasing filament diameter because of the finer grain size. At high fieldsj\min{c}\max{ov}increases with increasing filament diameter. Measurements of the critical current under externally applied tensile str...

Critical current measurements were obtained on bronze-diffused reacted Nb3Sn multifilamentary conductors as a function of mechanical stress loads and applied transverse magnet fields up to 13 T for temperatures in the range between 4.2 K and 1.9 K. To simulate the winding handling of reacted Nb3Sn wires for superconducting magnets, operated in normal or superfluid helium the effects of room temperature bend strain on current carrying capacities of monolithic and flat cable conductors were investigated by controlled winding processes using mandrels with various diameters. The results show a field-dependent degradation in critical current with increasing bend strain for both conductor types. Only a very small precompression effect (< 0.5%) on critical current is observed. At higher strain, beginning at 0.4%, the critical current decreased rapidly, reaching at 13 T by more than 50% at a bending strain of 0.9% calculated on overall conductor cross section. Both optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the samples before and after testing. Additional data on the mechanical properties (tensile stress-strain diagrams) of Nb3Sn samples are presented, along with some preliminary critical current versus uniaxial tensile stress measurements at 2.2 K and 4.2 K, respectively. First results indicate that the increase in critical current at 2.2 K is relatively larger (about 25%) than that at 4.2 K. This fact is interesting for Nb3Sn magnets cooled with superfluid helium to obtain a broad strain tolerance.

By the bronze technique Nb3Sn multifilamentary conductors with different numbers and densities of filaments and partly with an integrated CuTa stabilization were fabricated. For currents exceeding 1000 A at 10 T we have manufactured fully transposed and calibrated flat cables with different numbers of strands and different ratios of superconducting to CuTa stabilizing strands. From long lengths (k...

The critical current lc of Nb3Sn conductors containing 1615 or 3721 filaments was measured in magnetic flux densities up to 18 T. The magnetic field was generated by a Bitter magnet. The overall current density of the conductor was 5 × 104 A cm −2 at 10 T and 5 × 103 A cm−2 at 18 T. Values of up to 21.6 T were obtained for the upper critical flux density Bc2. The influence of the diffusion conditions upon lc, Bc2 and the superconducting transition temperature Tc have been related to the fraction of the total conductor cross-section taken up by Nb3Sn. This fraction serves as a rough measure of the pressure exerted upon the Nb3Sn within the conductor.