Achieving uniform ultraviolet (UV) excitability across diverse lanthanide (Ln3+) luminescent centers remains a formidable challenge due to their parity-forbidden, narrow-band 4f-4f transitions. Herein, a Ce3+-mediated sensitization strategy is rationally designed via combining the diverse Ln3+ (Ln = Er, Tb, Sm and Dy) centers in lead-free double perovskites Cs2NaLuCl6 (CNLC). Benefiting from the allowed 4f-5d transitions of Ce3+, efficient broadband absorption and subsequent energy transfer enable selective excitation of different Ln3+ ions within the 320–370 nm window, giving rise to multi-conditional decoding functionality. Through the integration of a physical mixing strategy and excitation-wavelength-dependent modulation, the CNLC: Ce-Ln system is transformed into a programmable linear spectral engineering capable of dynamically tunable, colorful customization. Exploiting these pristine excitation-emission kinetics, an advanced spectral optical encryption platform is proposed and established, which enables switchable decryption via synergistic multi-wavelength optical gating, while constructing an unclonable covert cryptographic layer through time-domain multiplexing alongside the differentiated decay lifetimes of Ln3+. Ultimately, this work provides a transformative blueprint for constructing Ce3+-driven sensitization networks, laying a robust foundation for next-generation intelligent photonic devices and ultra-secure anti-counterfeiting technologies.

ABSTRACT Novel Eu 3+ ‐doped Cs 2 KInCl 6 double perovskite exhibits ultrabroadband emission, enabling efficient multicolor luminescence covering the entire visible spectrum with a single luminescent center. This behavior originates from the intrinsically low phonon energy of the host, which effectively suppresses multi‐phonon relaxation (MPR) and consequently reshapes the radiative pathways of Eu 3+ . As a result, its stepwise population accumulation occurs along the excited‐state energy ladder, promoting multiple radiative transitions. Based on this kinetic behavior, the rare coexistence of blue ( 5 D 3 → 7 F 4 ), green ( 5 D 2 → 7 F 3 ), yellow ( 5 D 1 → 7 F 2 ), and red ( 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 ) emissions are achieved with large emission cross‐sections of 2.00 × 10 −22 , 4.75 × 10 −22 , 5.48 × 10 −22 , and 8.18 × 10 −22 cm 2 , respectively. These emissions are further validated by high fluorescence branching ratios exceeding 40%, confirming the efficiency of the corresponding radiative channels and their collective contribution to multipeak full‐spectrum emission. In addition, the phosphors demonstrate pronounced thermal responsiveness in the temperature range of 303 – 433 K, together with dynamically tunable emission, supporting their applications in high‐sensitivity optical thermometry, dynamic anti‐counterfeiting, and high‐quality lighting. Overall, this work suggests that ultralow‐phonon‐energy perovskite provides an effective platform for achieving multiple excited‐state radiative transitions, thus offering a research foundation for developing functional optical materials and next‐generation photonic devices.

The precise mapping of temperature distributions with laser-induced imaging is critical across diverse fields, from microelectronics to energy storage and biomedical engineering. Herein, phase-selective growth is conducted in a non-vacuum sulfur-rich environment, where NaGd1-xErxS2 (NaGdS2-Ex) phosphors with high-efficiency up-conversion luminescence are successfully prepared. The ordered segregation of Er3+ within the GdS6 layers effectively suppresses non-radiative relaxation, producing a nonlinear quantum yield enhancement driven by an explosive surge in photon output upon increasing excitation power, which enables anti-stokes photon imaging. Furthermore, the microcrystals are successfully incorporated into NaGdS2-Ex@polyacrylonitrile-polyurethane (NaGdS2-Ex@PAN-TPU) membranes via electrospinning, achieving 2D fixation while preserving high luminescence efficiency, thereby expanding the application adaptability. Remarkably, the design of a thermally and non-thermal coupled upconverting based on the NaGdS2-Ex@PAN-TPU system results in highly sensitive temperature sensing, achieving maximum relative sensitivities of 1.069 and 0.475% K-1 at 313 K. These findings provide a flexible platform, particularly for its potential in real-time visual thermometry within micro-nano electronic devices, while also paving the way for laser identification in maritime search and rescue operations.

The development of high-performance composite materials, particularly functionalized carbon dots (CDs), is of great significance for advancing applications in visual sensing and anti-counterfeiting. Herein, a dual-functional fluorescent nanocomposite CDs@YF3: Eu3+ for visual Cu2+ detection and anti-counterfeiting, is designed by coupling blue-emitting CDs with red-emitting YF3: Eu3+ nanoparticles, exhibiting exhibits ratiometric fluorescent characteristics under ultraviolet excitation, with an average primary particle size of similar to 46 nm, which is significantly smaller than pure YF3: Eu3+. Based on this color-switching behavior, a multi-level security feature utilizing the two complementary colors is developed, which greatly enhances the security of information encryption by requiring a specific decryption key. Crucially, the system enables qualitative detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solutions through fluorescence quenching, which is unaffected by the pH of the solution. Furthermore, anti-counterfeiting labels with a unique, flexible, and waterproof microstructure are produced by electrospinning technology through the random embedding of composite materials within nanofibers, with an average fiber diameter of similar to 545 nm. This work has pioneered a novel sensing and security platform based on advanced optical sensing capabilities, which supports both precise target analysis and tamper-proof security validation with visual color response.

ABSTRACT Microwave photonic‐assisted integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Compared with conventional electronic implementations, microwave photonics offers not only broadband signal generation and high‐frequency operation, but also wavelength‐domain reconfigurability and parallelism, low‐loss fiber distribution, true‐time‐delay beamforming, and optical‐domain preprocessing before electronic digitization. These properties make microwave photonic ISAC a promising option for future wireless systems and high‐precision sensing scenarios, such as autonomous driving, smart manufacturing, and environmental monitoring. This review provides a systematic overview of fundamental principles, performance metrics and sensing‐communication trade‐offs, and photonic architectures for signal generation, reception, and processing. Typical ISAC implementation strategies are discussed from a hardware‐signal co‐design perspective and categorized into two main classes: orthogonal resource multiplexing and fully unified‐waveform schemes. In the latter, communication signals can be directly reused for sensing, or communication information can be incorporated into radar‐oriented waveforms so that both functions are supported within the same framework. This review also summarizes enhanced ISAC schemes, specifically those incorporating coherent fusion processing algorithms or multidimensional time‐frequency multiplexing. Key challenges and emerging trends are outlined, including THz extension, higher integration, AI‐assisted optimization, multifunctional system design, and quantum‐enhanced security.

Rapid advances in wearable technologies and smart textiles have driven increasing demand for flexible luminescent materials capable of stable optical output and multifunctional sensing under dynamic mechanical deformation. Herein, Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaLuS2 phosphors are synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state method under a non-vacuum sulfur-rich atmosphere, and the optimized NaLuS2:1Ho/4Yb phosphors are subsequently incorporated into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer via electrospinning to construct stretchable near-infrared-responsive fiber framework. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the phosphors possess characteristic upconversion (UC) emission with high internal quantum yield, confirming efficient Yb3+ → Ho3+ energy transfer and suppressed nonradiative losses. The resulting fiber demonstrates a maximum tensile stress of 13.48 MPa and outstanding mechanical durability under repeated stretching cycles, enabling strain sensing through deformation-dependent luminescence intensity variation. In addition, a maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 0.7% K−1 is achieved based on the fluorescence intensity ratio between the non-thermally coupled Ho3+ 5F4/5S2 and 5F5 levels, while exhibiting favorable thermal reversibility. This work integrates UC luminescence, mechanical flexibility, and thermal-strain optical response into a single hyperelastic fiber, providing a versatile platform for dual-parameter sensing. The proposed strategy offers new insights into the design of high-performance flexible photonic materials for wearable motion monitoring and intelligent sensing applications.

Rapid advances in wearable technologies and smart textiles have driven increasing demand for flexible luminescent materials capable of stable optical output and multifunctional sensing under dynamic mechanical deformation. Herein, Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaLuS2 phosphors are synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state method under a non-vacuum sulfur-rich atmosphere, and the optimized NaLuS2:1Ho/4Yb phosphors are subsequently incorporated into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer via electrospinning to construct stretchable near-infrared-responsive fiber framework. Under 980 nm laser excitation, the phosphors exhibit characteristic upconversion (UC) emission with high internal quantum yield, confirming efficient Yb3+Ho3+ energy transfer and suppressed nonradiative losses. The resulting fiber demonstrates a maximum tensile stress of 13.48 MPa and excellent mechanical durability under repeated stretching cycles, enabling strain sensing through deformation-dependent luminescence intensity variation. In addition, a maximum absolute temperature sensitivity of 6.3% K1 is achieved based on the fluorescence intensity ratio between the non-thermally coupled Ho3+ 5F4/5S2 and 5F5 levels, while exhibiting excellent thermal reversibility. This work integrates UC luminescence, mechanical flexibility, and thermal-strain optical response into a single hyperelastic fiber, providing a versatile platform for dual-parameter sensing. The proposed strategy offers new insights into the design of high-performance flexible photonic materials for wearable motion monitoring and intelligent sensing application

We report SU(1,1) interferometers in both passive and active modes, realized in a micro-ring made of high-index silica glass. Phase-dependent fringes and quantum noise reduction are observed for potential applications in on-chip precision phase sensing.

Millimeter-wave (mmWave,>30 GHz) radars are the key enabler in the coming 6G era for high-resolution sensing and detection of targets. Photonic radar provides an effective approach to overcome the limitations of electronic radars thanks to the high frequency, broad bandwidth, and excellent reconfigurability of photonic systems. However, conventional photonic radars are mostly realized in tabletop systems composed of bulky discrete components, whereas the more compact integrated photonic radars are difficult to reach the mmWave bands due to the unsatisfactory bandwidths and signal integrity of the underlining electro-optic modulators. Here, we overcome these challenges and demonstrate a centimeter-resolution integrated photonic radar operating in the mmWave V band (40-50 GHz) based on a 4-inch wafer-scale thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) technology. The fabricated TFLN mmWave photonic integrated circuit consists of a first electro-optic modulator capable of generating a broadband linear frequency modulated mmWave radar waveform through optical frequency multiplication of a low-frequency input signal, and a second electro-optic modulator responsible for frequency de-chirp of the received reflected echo wave, therefore greatly relieving the bandwidth requirements for the analog-to-digital converter in the receiver. Thanks to the absence of optical and electrical filters in the system, our integrated photonic mmWave radar features continuous on-demand tunability of the center frequency and bandwidth, currently only limited by the bandwidths of electrical amplifiers. We achieve multi-target ranging with a resolution of 1.50 cm and velocity measurement with a resolution of 0.067 m/s. Furthermore, we construct an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and successfully demonstrate the imaging of targets with various shapes and postures with a two-dimensional resolution of 1.50 cm * 1.06 cm.

SU(1,1) interferometers use two active parametric amplifiers to replace passive beam splitters of traditional interferometers for wave splitting and superposition. These interferometers involve quantum entangled signal and idler fields and possess a number of advantages over traditional interferometers. Here, we investigate a variant of the SU(1,1) interferometer by using only one parametric amplifier but with either one or both of the signal and idler fields fed back to the same parametric amplifier. Such a geometry is used to accommodate an on-chip micro-ring optical parametric oscillator made of high-index silica glass. An interference fringe is observed, and quantum noise reduction of 4-dB due to destructive quantum interference is measured in the output off the chip. Such an integrated device has potential applications in on-chip precision phase sensing.

Driven by the escalating demand for cutting-edge materials in interactive encryption and customized display, the optimization of excitonic coupling mechanisms in perovskite-based luminescent systems has emerged as a pivotal focus in advanced materials research. Inspired by synergistic doping (SD), a photoswitchable energy transfer channel is realized utilizing the UV-responsive Cs2NaInCl6: Sb3+-Ho3+ (CNIC: Sb-Ho) phosphor. Benefiting from the self-trapped exciton of Sb3+, the visible blue luminescence of Ho3+ achieves excitation reconstruction through SD, with a sensitization coefficient from Sb3+ to Ho3+ in CNIC reaching two orders of magnitude. Notably, CNIC: Sb-Ho quantum dot is embedded into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fibers, respectively, and distinct color coordinate channels are created by altering the doping concentration and fiber matrix, thereby enabling the personalization and the customization of the desired colors with enhanced precision. Furthermore, excellent read-in performance under UV irradiation is achieved by screen-printing CNIC: Sb-Ho microcrystal on nanofibers and combining it with ACSII code, which endows nanofibers with UV-induced controllable shape programming behavior for interactive multidimensional information encryption. This work establishes an enhanced visual interaction framework through effectively integrating perovskite fluorescence tunability and nanofiber adaptive structures, thus opening new possibilities for the smart application of next-generation optical encryption technology.

With the help of photonic techniques, microwave photonic links (MPLs) have remarkable advantages in terms of generating, transmitting, and processing analog or microwave signals with high frequency or wide bandwidth relative to traditional electrical systems, which have been widely and deeply researched over the past few decades. Recently, significant advances in photonic integrated technologies have stimulated and promoted the emergence of high-performance integrated components that make up MPLs, thereby greatly enriching their capabilities and further expanding their application prospects. Here, we review the recent advances in MPLs, which involve high-performance MPLs, MPLs for microwave photonic radar systems, MPLs for optical signal processing, and MPLs for optical neuromorphic computing. Firstly, key parameters of MPLs performance are analyzed, and the approaches to constructing high-performance (i.e., broadband and large dynamic range) MPLs are summarized. Secondly, the architecture of MPLs used for different function modules of microwave photonic radar systems is reviewed, wherein the recent schemes based on MPLs are classified according to radar signal generation, radar signal processing, and radar signal transmission. Thirdly, the existing system schemes of MPLs for implementing optical signal processing are outlined, which include microwave photonic filters, integrators, channelizers, and phased array antennas. Fourthly, the photonic neuromorphic computing systems, a nascent flourished applications field engendered by integrated or partially integrated MPLs, are introduced and reviewed, which provide readers with a novel understanding of MPL and its potential applications. Finally, we briefly present our outlook on key technologies needed to further advance MPL techniques and their relative applications.

Recently, chalcogenides with layered structures exhibit promising applications in the fields of information chaos processing and compilation remodeling, yet facile synthesis of their microcrystals with multi-temporal and multi-modal luminescence remains a major challenge. Herein, a competitive phase transition to generate orderly layered NaYS2 microcrystals is achieved by lattice reconstruction with introduction S2- occupying a unique anionic site in non-vacuum sulfur-rich environment, revealing crucial role of competitive phase transitions in regulating material structure and properties. Simultaneous photoinduced luminescent chromism and photo-stimulated luminescence are attained by introducing Pr3+. Interestingly, broadband long-wavelength visible afterglow emission in 4f(1)5d(1) cluster state is achieved and a reversible temporary change in upconversion emission from orange broadband to green narrowband occurs under continuous 980 nm excitation, which is attributed to ordered polarization of Pr3+ in YS6 layer and injection of defects. Furthermore, by integrating long-lived down-conversion emission and relatively short-lived up-conversion emission in Pr3+-doped NaYS2, a multilevel dynamic optical anti-counterfeiting platform is constructed based on transient and long afterglow luminescence. This work implements a competitive phase transition to generate NaYS2 with 2D structure, providing a new model of tunable space-time resolved emission for spatiotemporal optoelectronic multiplexing, which are applicable to large-capacity information encryption, optical data storage, and biosensing.

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is emerging as a promising platform for applications in optical communications, microwave photonics (MWP), and quantum technologies, offering distinct performance and scalability advantages over traditional bulk lithium niobate platforms. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a photonic-assisted multi-format microwave signal generator based on an on-chip TFLN Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). By simply adjusting the coding signal and modulation index of the modulator, the generator can be reconfigured to produce a variety of microwave signals, including square wave at 5 GHz, triangular wave at 4 GHz, amplitude shift keying (ASK) signals at 4 Gb/s-8 GHz, phase shift keying (PSK) signals at 4 Gb/s-8 GHz, and dual-chirp signals at 8 +/- 0.5 GHz. Furthermore, it enables flexible switching between different carrier frequencies and coding rates, with a bandwidth exceeding 50 GHz. The on-chip TFLN MZM ensures a compact design with no need for additional optical processing, featuring a wide frequency range, low power consumption, and ease of operation, making it highly suitable for applications in optical communications, radar, and electronic warfare.

Flexible wearable electronic devices, renowned for their high responsiveness, lightweight design, and superior signal transmission capabilities, have garnered extensive interest in smart sensing applications. However, conventional flexible sensors face a critical limitation: the functional separation between sensing and visualization modules. To address this challenge, a novel stretchable luminescent perovskite hydrogel engineered by integrating Sb3+-doped all-inorganic zero-dimensional (0D) perovskite Cs2InCl5⋅H2O into a dual-network hydrogel matrix crosslinked with polyacrylamide (PAM) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) has been proposed. The synthesized composite hydrogel can maintain strong yellow fluorescence and deformation properties even under multidimensional mechanical strain. Simultaneously, the real-time strain-sensing functionality through resistance-based electrical signals enables synergistic visualization and quantitative monitoring of dynamic motions. This study not only advances the design of environmentally friendly lead-free perovskite hydrogels but also pioneers a multifunctional platform for next-generation wearable electronics, bridging the gap between optical signaling and mechanosensitive detection.

Dynamically stimulated color-changing materials provide channels within a multidimensional spatial platform and hold significant potential in the field of information bearing. However, manipulating the photochromic conversion of individual lanthanide emitters and external stimuli to achieve color-switchable emission remains a challenge. Here, multiphonon relaxation between energy levels and cross-relaxation among ions have been manipulated to control the population distribution of different energy levels in Eu3+ ions doped ultra-lowphonon energy Cs2NaYCl6 (CNYC) crystals, finally achieving full-spectral color switching. Interestingly, the introduction of Tb3+, not only enriches the interaction of color information in the spatial dimension, but the water-stimulated phase transition, which triggers the energetic coupling between the Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions in the lattice. By controlling the water-soaking time, the reversible change in luminescence color from red-orange to yellow to green have been observed. When these materials encode information, the effectiveness of anticounterfeiting is verified by demonstrated experiment. In this study, a breakthrough in reversible phase transition of CNYC triggered by water have been observed, and a multidimensional synergistic anti-counterfeiting platform, encompassing spacetime security - photoresponsive channel switching - stimulus remodeling, have been innovatively established. These have promoted the development and improvement of anti-counterfeiting mechanisms.

Transparent glass as an important medium for optical information storage has wide range of applications in the field of optoelectronics, however, achieving higher dimensions of data-bearing is still a challenge for advanced information encryption and safety. Herein, high concentrated rare-earth ions (RE3+) are selectively doped in borosilicate glass phosphors, where fluorescence region is expanded by optionally doping configuration of RE3+ and colour changes are attained by transforming different wavelength modes. Eu3+/Tb3+ doped borosilicate glass phosphors show pronounced chromatic diversity and stable luminescent characteristics, and the integration of dynamic photoluminescence and distinct photochromism establishes excellent foundation for info display. In addition, it can be further combined with QR code to implement multimode information recognition, thus realizing info concealment and reproduction. Multidimensional data-bearing is proposed to be built upon the properties of glass phosphors in physical space and the chromaticity change in colour space with variable excitation conditions, which is a promising beginning for applying glass phosphors in the field of multidimensional data storage.

To address the challenges posed by persistent pollutants in aquatic environments, it is essential to establish effective heterogeneous structures to accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers and promote the generation of free radicals, thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Herein, the flexible core-shell fiber nanoreactor CsPbBr3@Bi2MoO6-CuS/PAN (CBC/PAN) is constructed by in situ synthesis and coaxial electrostatic spinning, achieving a synergistic effect of efficient photocatalysis and real-time temperature monitoring. The catalytic activity of CBC/PAN nanoreactor is 8.13 times higher than that of pure Bi2MoO6, which is attributed to the construction of exciton dissociation interfaces and charge transport channels, improving the distribution of active centers on the surface. The effective intermolecular collisions in the confined environment circumvent the negative external influences and greatly enhance the stability in extreme environments. Accurate temperature monitoring of a complex catalytic system, based on fluorescence intensity-specific temperature measurements, is achieved via the emission peaks of CsPbBr3 and polyacrylonitrile, enabling the determination of optimal temperature conditions and the detection of the stability of the catalyst. This bifunctional nanocatalyst combines highly efficient photocatalysis with real-time temperature feedback, offering promising prospects for the application of photocatalytic technology in environmental purification, microbial detection and carbon dioxide reduction.

Exploration of multifunctional integrated catalysts is of great significance for photocatalysis toward practical application. Herein, a 1D confined nanoreactor with a heterogeneous core-shell structure is designed for synergies of efficient catalysis and temperature monitoring by custom encapsulation of Z-scheme heterojunction CuS quantum dots/BiVO4 (CuS QDs/BiVO4) and Y2O2S-Er, Yb. The dispersed active sites created by the QDs with high surface energy improve the mass transfer efficiency, and the efficient electron transport channels at the heterogeneous interface extend the carrier lifetime, which endows the nanoreactor with excellent catalytic performance. Meanwhile, real-time temperature monitoring is realized based on the thermally coupled levels H-2(11/2)/S-4(3/2)-> I-4(15/2) of Er3+ using fluorescence intensity ratio, which enables the monitorable photocatalysis. Furthermore, the nanoreactor with a multidimensional structure increases effective intermolecular collisions to facilitate the catalytic process by restricting the reaction within distinct enclosed spaces and circumvents potential unknown interaction effects. The design of multi-space nanoconfined reactors opens up a new avenue to modulate catalyst function, providing a unique perspective for photocatalytic applications in the mineralization of organic pollutants, hydrogen production, and nitrogen fixation.

Laser-active interference with high confidentiality and convenience opens up a cutting-edge path for releasing and hiding key targets; however, its development still faces enormous challenges owing to the difficulty of concealing objects. Herein, a novel conceptual design for laser-controlled information release and hiding (LIRH) is proposed and successfully realized. Cs2NaInCl6:Er3+, Yb3+ (CNIC:Er, Yb) perovskite microcrystal is adopted as a carrier for LIRH implementation, exhibiting excellent up-conversion (UC) emission under NIR (980 and 1530 nm) irradiation due to its ultralow phonon energy. The fluorescence intensity crossover and outstanding photon output capacity are revealed in comparison with Er3+/Yb3+ codoped and Er3+ single-doped CNIC phosphors under different laser sources, and the obvious difference in quantum yields (QY) under 980 and 1530 nm excitation provides theoretical possibility for LIRH. More importantly, the obtained LIRH features high stability at temperatures up to 413 K, showing good adaptability in various potential scenarios. Moreover, CNIC:Er, Yb is further combined with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer to form fluorescent fibers with exceptional crystal stability and composite flexibility, thus making the LIRH code a reality based on perovskite composite phosphors. The laser-active invisibility offers an innovative idea for LIRH, further extending the application of LIRH in the field of information encryption, which has promising prospects in information safety, advanced anticounterfeiting, and smart responsive materials.