Nanocellulose-based sustainable tissue engineering implants are becoming the most promising dressings because of their superior drug loading capacity, structure mimicking the extracellular matrix, and biocompatibility. However, the therapeutic impact and functionality of current wound dressings are severely limited due to their low breathability, poor environmental adaptation, potential for drug resistance, and limited pharmacological alternatives. This study aimed to develop a PEG-nanocellulose submicron fibrous scaffold from sugarcane bagasse, incorporating polyphenols from H. alternata leaf extract. The polyphenols were screened using HR-LCMS analysis followed by in silico studies and HPLC quantification. The phytochemicals were selected based on biological activities, binding energy, and LCMS score. The prepared scaffolds were optimized using physical, mechanical, and chemical characterization techniques. The in vitro cytocompatibility and wound healing efficacy of the modified implant were assessed using L929 fibroblast cell lines. NCF scaffolds' tissue engineering potential was evaluated using confocal fluorescence imaging. The in vivo implantation of the scaffolds revealed that PEG: NCF-8%HA scaffolds exhibited significant wound-healing activity. Additionally, these scaffolds demonstrated promising cytocompatibility (98.3 ± 2.99), good blood compatibility (0.43 ± 0.02), and excellent wound closure (100 %). The histopathology studies also suggested that the implants showed good biocompatibility, promoted better angiogenesis, and resulted in a low tissue inflammation response.

Glioblastoma represents one of the most aggressive and difficult neurological malignancies due to its rapid proliferation and resistance to standard therapeutic approaches. To combat this challenge, novel and effective strategies are essential, including the design of innovative therapeutic agents and advanced imaging materials. In this context, the present study investigates chitosan-derived carbon dots (CDs) synthesized through a microwave-assisted, eco-friendly method as a potential solution for glioblastoma-related applications. The synthesized carbon dots were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to verify their structural and optical characteristics. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images confirmed that the particles possess sizes below 10 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements demonstrated strong emission intensity, high quantum yield, and microsecond-level fluorescence lifetime, indicating their suitability and stability for bioimaging purposes. The influence of pH on fluorescence intensity was also studied. Additionally, the antioxidant capability of the CDs was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vitro bioimaging experiments with U87 MG glioblastoma cells showed green fluorescence, while MTT assays revealed excellent cell viability and non-cytotoxic behavior, confirming the biocompatibility of the carbon dots. Collectively, these findings highlight chitosan-derived carbon dots as a promising platform for advanced imaging and potential biomedical applications against glioblastoma.

The development of innovative greener, ecofriendly, and efficient and environmentally processes materials, and commodities is becoming increasingly essential as a result of ecological sustainability and environmental standards. Additionally, a large volume of waste materials from the geotechnical building industry encouraged researchers to look biobased nanocomposite with biopolymers. They successfully compete with conventional building materials in a variety of applications. Because they have distinctive features, biopolymers are essential for the fabrication of certain building materials. The environmental calamities that frequently happen with petroleum-based materials are avoided by biopolymers. The commercial profit is also rising as they gain supremacy in the construction field. In this chapter, a comprehensive discussion of the biopolymer-based construction materials with a focus on various categories of biopolymers and their applications is provided. It shows the expanding use of various biopolymers, including those based on lignin, cellulose, starch, chitosan, gums, and proteins, in the construction field. It also emphasizes the value of biopolymers as a substitute for conventional building materials in non-soil construction.

The most pressing safety issues around food packaging materials made from sustainable and renewable resources are discussed, along with recent developments, present technology, and upcoming difficulties in biopolymer uses as food packaging materials. Biopolymers are being used more frequently as substitutes for traditional plastics made from oil derivatives in food-contact applications. The majority of the readily available polymers is discussed, concentrating on the fundamentals of their creation, characteristics, and analysis of prospective applications in food packaging. In addition to substituting conventional polymers and other materials that are frequently used in food packaging, the use of biopolymers opens up a whole new level of features and characteristics, which creates new prospects. Biopolymers have received increasing attention as a result of mounting environmental and safety concerns regarding conventional plastics that are traditionally made using fossil fuels. This chapter discusses the major biopolymers and their applications in the food packaging industry.

Plastic is one of the most key parts of modern society. The ongoing use of petroleum-based, non-biodegradable plastics has hastened the depletion of fossil fuels and had an adverse effect on the environment worldwide. Bioplastic, which possesses properties that are strikingly similar to those of petroleum-based polymers, is a potential solution to these new issues. Food wastes are suitable sources for the production of bioplastic. This chapter provides a summary of information on microalgae-derived bioplastics, including information on their qualities, a variety of microalgae-based bioplastics from food wastes, and prospective uses. Additionally, the potential and role of bioplastics in a sustainable future are discussed, as well as their commercial applications.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a highly crystalline, highly polymerized material with a high aspect ratio, excellent flexibility, high water holding capacity, tensile strength,and other unique features. High purity cellulose can be produced with a variety of physio-chemical properties based on that growth medium and kinds of fermentation processes. Generally regarded as safe and as one of the most biomaterial, BNC has been utilized in a broad variety of biomedical applications, such as wound healing, dentistry, medical implants, tissue engineering scaffolds fabrication, and biosensing. The major limitations of BNC such as scaling up, control of fermentation culture, lesser yield, and huge capital expenses are to be resolved before implementing to commercial scale. In light of ongoing evolution into valuable medical products, the possible synthetic methodologies, their challenges and potential consequences are discussed in this review.

Bioethanol has an astonishing potential to replace petroleum-based conventional fuels. The major sources of bioethanol are lignocellulosic feedstocks and microalgae. Nanotechnology impacts this newly developed field to grapple the demanding properties of future fuel by designing novel biomaterial feedstocks in nanodimension or by engineering microalgae. The present chapter discusses the production of bioethanol from different sources, their processing techniques, advantages and disadvantages, environmental aspects, and statistical analysis of the current bioethanol industry were discussed. It is revealed that several low-cost raw materials can be utilized for the production of bioethanol to cope with the emerging worldwide energy demand.

Biosurfactants are natural surface-active materials created by microorganisms. Biosurfactants can contribute several properties including antibacterial, antioxidant, emulsifying, and antiadhesive activities to the food in which they are incorporated. Biosurfactants have been employed in food formulations to enhance viscosity, extending the shelf life of the products, improving texture and flavor, as well as lowering the calorie value by substituting fat. This chapter summarizes the activities of biosurfactants as antioxidants in food, as well as the features of biosurfactants in boosting food quality and the variables impacting biosurfactant synthesis.

Nanotechnology has significance in modern health care technologies due to the potential of these materials at nano levels. Due to their decreased volumes, complex morphologies, and controllable exposed crystal facets, metallic nanocrystals (MNCs) demonstrate superior properties to their bulk equivalent. Consequently, the manufacturing of metal nanocrystals and their modification for various applications have drawn significant benefits. Among different nanoparticles, MNCs are of wider applications in diverse biomedical field. Various studies have been carried out over the past 40 years to synthesize, evaluate, and distribute metallic nanoparticles for different forms of medicinal and therapeutic applications. This chapter gives an overview of applications in both magnetic and nonmagnetic MNCs in modern healthcare systems.

The epoch of nanomaterials is now seen as the core of evolution for potential devices and new technologies with wide health applications. Nanomaterials in dentistry contribute to the production of more powerful tools and materials. Dental materials should be mechanically robust enough to withstand the dynamic environment. In dental applications, the major advantages of nanocrystals include adequate mechanical properties, superior resistance to abrasion, lower shrinkage, and better optical properties. The application of nanomaterials is recognized in numerous dental applications such as orthodontics regeneration, endodontics application, periodontics reinforcement, and implant coatings. Dental healthcare quality service has increased as novel nanobiomaterials have been created and the properties of existing biomaterials have been altered. To foresee the future of dentistry, an in-depth knowledge of nanomaterial is required. The development of materials for grafting nanoparticles has led to a breakthrough in dental applications. The dental health care service standard has improved due to the introduction of novel nanobiomaterials and the modification of the features of existing biomaterials. A clear comprehension of nanomaterials is needed to foresee the future of dentistry. The development of nanoparticle graft materials has led to a breakthrough in the applications for dental applications.

Non-biodegradable plastics are a worldwide problem that have a negative impact on all living things, including humans. Nanocellulose, an excellent biopolymer is known for their increasing uses in food, healthcare, cosmetics, and various other fields. Nanocellulose is readily biodegradable, bioderived, and useful for creating innovative bioplastics that are employed in the production of food packaging and wound dressing. Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) belongs to the rutaceae family and has many health benefits. Synthesis of Murraya koenigii incorporated nanocellulose thin films, and its characterisation using FT-IR, and XRD is discussed in detail. The source of nanocellulose in this study is sugar cane bagasse, an easily available agricultural residue in Kerala. Also, a biocompatible plasticizer is utilised to produce antibacterial packaging for food. The synthesised nanocomposites showed non-toxicity against THP1-derived macrophage cells and significant antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria suggesting the possible application as a viable alternative for food packaging materials.

Metal corrosion is one of the key challenges for materials scientists. This natural process creates loses in a variety of industries and necessitates enormous efforts to mitigate its effects. Organic coatings are still the most commonly utilised technique for protecting metallic materials against corrosion. They have opened a new field of research for obtaining coatings with better performance, lifetime, and customized features. While they have excellent anticorrosive characteristics, they must be updated by more environment friendly technology. As a result, there is a need to develop new and more cost-effective methods for creating and applying smart and environmentally friendly organic coatings to reduce corrosion. Anticorrosion research and implementations have progressed as a result of the functionality gained from these coatings at the metal-solution interface in harsh conditions. Smart coatings can react quickly to changes in the environment, cure coating flaws, and prevent additional corrosion. They possess better anticorrosion potential than the traditional anticorrosive coatings. This review discusses self-healing, corrosion sensing, anti-fouling, self-cleaning and anti-microbial organic coatings. It also provides a discussion on selected groups of smart anticorrosive organic coatings such as bio-based and water-borne epoxy resins, hyper branched polyesters and waterborne and bio-based polyurethanes. Moreover, this review outlines different approaches for applying organic coating. Finally, protection mechanisms of organic coatings are summarized.

Nano-based consumer products are considered as major innovation in the twenty-first century. The most profound impact of nanoparticles has been found in biomedical field such as targeted therapy, biomedical imaging, bimolecular sensing, and tissue engineering. The peculiar magnetic, electronic, and optical properties of nanomaterial made it an attractive candidate for a number of biomedical applications. Biomedical application of nanotechnology intends to upgrade lifestyles and results in better medical treatments, especially for diseases for which existing therapies have nasty side effects or diseases that do not currently have any therapies.

Nanocellulose fibers are widely acknowledged as a more sustainable alternative to polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate-based plastic films derived from petrochemicals. Cellulose is also utilised in packaging, tissue engineering, electronic, optical, and sensor applications, pharmaceutical applications, cosmetic applications, insulation, water filtration, and hygiene applications, as well as vascular grafts. In the present study to improve the tensile and thermal properties of cellulose nanofibers, polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) with varying concentrations was produced by solvent casting and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). The effects of various PEG 600 concentrations on nanofibers and the morphology of the resulting nanofibers were investigated. The effects of GA on PEG-nanocellulose morphology, average diameter, tensile strength, elongation, and thermal characteristics were investigated. Strong (GA)-based acetal linkages are used to substitute secondary hydrogen bonds in nanocellulose films. The 1% PEG 600 plasticized nanocellulose scaffolds cross-linked with GA showed a higher tensile modulus (93 MPa) than its GA untreated nanocellulose scaffolds (69 MPa). The Young's modulus of the scaffold is increased up to 83.62 MPa. The crystallinity index values of GA-treated scaffolds were increased, and the mechanical characteristics were greatly improved, according to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and XRD analysis on the films. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG/DSC) of the GA treated plasticized nanocellulose scaffold showed maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) at 360.01 °C.

Lignocellulosic biomass has been emerging as a biorefinery precursor for variety of biofuels, platform chemicals and biomaterials because of its specific surface morphology, exceptional physical, chemical and biological characteristics.The selection of proper raw materials, integration of nano biotechnological aspects, and designing of viable processes are important to attain a cost-effective route for the development of valuable end products.Lignocellulosebased materials can prove to be outstanding in terms of techno-economic viability, as well as being environmentally friendly and reducing effluent load.This review should facilitate the identification of better lignocellulosic sources, advanced pretreatments, and production of value-added products in order to boost the future industries in a cleaner and safer way.