Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common inflammatory condition caused by Candida species, primarily Candida albicans, manifesting with symptoms such as itching, erythema, and curd-like discharge. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), defined by three or more symptomatic yeast infections within a year, poses significant challenges in management due to factors such as antifungal resistance and comorbidities. Materials and methods This retrospective descriptive study analyzed 11 cases of RVVC due to fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Data included demographic characteristics, medical history, presenting symptoms, recurrence duration, treatment modalities, comorbidities, and outcomes. Microbiological analysis involved vaginal swabs for fungal culture and antifungal susceptibility testing. The study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines. Results Patients, primarily pre-menopausal females aged 20 to 53 years, presented with vaginal itching and discharge. The mean duration of recurrent episodes, defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of RVVC to the last documented recurrence, was 1.5 years, with varied treatment responses. Comorbidities such as obesity and hypertension were noted, along with global representation. Conclusion RVVC is multifactorial and influenced by factors such as antifungal resistance and immune status. Diagnosis relies on comprehensive evaluation and microbiological testing. Effective management of RVVC requires personalized strategies and long-term monitoring. Despite challenges, individualized approaches can optimize outcomes and enhance the quality of life of affected individuals. Further research is warranted to refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Introduction:Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii complex (CKC), including C. kroppenstedtii, C. parakroppenstedtii, and C. pseudokroppenstedtii, has been implicated in breast abscesses and granulomatous mastitis, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Its lipophilic nature and association with specific populations necessitate targeted investigations. Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, including all CKC isolates from breast tissue collected between October 2016 and March 2024. Data from electronic medical records were collected and anonymized. Microbiological analysis involved standard culture techniques, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. Statistical methods included descriptive analyses, Pearson's correlation, and relative risk calculations. Results:Among 34 isolates, 31 were from breast tissue of pre-menopausal women, predominantly obese or overweight, with a median age of 33 years. Breast abscesses were typically unilateral, associated with axillary lymphadenopathy, and varied in size and complexity. Recurrence within six months occurred in 58% of cases. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy and, in some cases, surgical intervention were necessary. Most isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin, but resistance to penicillin and daptomycin was noted. Conclusion:CKC is an emerging pathogen in breast abscesses, requiring precise diagnostic approaches and individualized treatment strategies. Advanced genomic tools are recommended for species differentiation and resistance monitoring. Ongoing research is essential to optimize management and address rising antimicrobial resistance.

Background:Cryptosporidium is a common pathogenic parasite known to cause diarrhea in humans and animals, particularly in young children living in poor conditions. Although diarrheal disease is usually mild in immunocompetent individuals, it may progress into a life-threatening complication among the immunocompromised. Due to insensitive conventional diagnostic methods, the identification of Cryptosporidium can be inaccurate and challenging. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis infection in Qatar by comparing four different diagnostic methods for detecting Cryptosporidium in human stool samples. Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019, stool samples from patients with various gastrointestinal symptoms were collected at the microbiology laboratory at Hamad General Hospital in Qatar for parasitic detection. The stool samples were tested using four diagnostic methods: routine microscopy, immunochromatography (ICT), multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain (MKS). Results:In the evaluation of the four different detection methods, 36 (18%) out of 205 stool samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium, with detection rates of 18%, 15%, 7%, and 6% using PCR, ICT, MKS, and routine microscopy, respectively. Conclusion:The superior sensitivity of PCR and ICT supports their integration into routine diagnostics to improve the detection and public health surveillance of cryptosporidiosis in Qatar.

Introduction:Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium found in raw foods and water and causes severe infections in immunocompromised, pregnant women, and the elderly. Although the incidence of listeriosis is low, it is a life-threatening disease with a case-fatality rate of 20% to 30% and numerous complications, including central nervous system (CNS) infections and maternal-fetal transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of listeriosis in Qatar over 10 years. Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the main public healthcare provider in Qatar, analyzing laboratory-confirmed L. monocytogenes bloodstream infections from May 1, 2011, to November 26, 2021. The data were collected from the electronic medical records system and included demographic data, clinical features, microbiology, management, and outcome. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (MRC-01-21-1023). The inclusion criteria for the study were positive blood cultures and clinical signs of infection. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were used in the statistical analyses. Results:The study involved 35 cases with a median age of 39 years and 77.14% female. Pregnancy-associated cases were 22.86% with high fetal morbidity, including 33.33% stillbirth and 55.56% preterm delivery. Twenty percent of the patients had clinical features of meningoencephalitis. Although the source of infection could not be determined, it is known that Listeria monocytogenes is most commonly transmitted through contaminated food products. All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and meropenem. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 2.86% and 14.26%, respectively, and age (60 years and above) and meningoencephalitis were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion:This study offers significant information about listeriosis in Qatar, characterized by a higher incidence of pregnancy-associated cases and a lower incidence of CNS involvement than in other countries. These findings also show the gaps in antimicrobial resistance surveillance and the foodborne transmission in the Middle East. Even though all mothers recovered fully, the adverse fetal outcomes stress the importance of preventive measures and enhanced food safety measures. Future research should focus on molecular characterization, source attribution, and antimicrobial resistance monitoring to enhance infection control and public health interventions, ultimately mitigating the impact of listeriosis in the region.

Echinocandins are recommended as an initial treatment for invasive candidiasis. Although safety and efficacy profiles of both anidulafungin and caspofungin are well established, direct head-to-head comparisons have not been reported before. Compare efficacy and safety of anidulafungin versus caspofungin among patients with invasive candidiasis. Retrospective observational study. Adult patients with invasive candidiasis who were treated with either anidulafungin or caspofungin for ⩾5 days were retrospectively reviewed over a period of 6 years. The primary endpoint was global response, defined as clinical and microbiological success at the end of treatment duration. A total of 223 patients who received either anidulafungin (n = 176) or caspofungin (n = 47) were initially included. Propensity score matching (based on age, malignancy, level of care, presence of candidemia, and other factors) was performed to improve comparability of the two groups. As a result, 32 patients in the caspofungin arm and 79 patients in the anidulafungin arm were included in the final analysis. Around three-quarters of the cohort had candidemia, and the most common isolated Candida species were C. albicans and C. glabrata. Response rates were comparable between both groups, with the primary outcome of global response showing no significant difference (56.3% for the caspofungin group vs 63.3% for anidulafungin, p = 0.490). Similarly, no differences between the two groups were observed in terms of 90-day all-cause mortality (p = 0.672) or any other secondary endpoints. Our data suggest that anidulafungin and caspofungin have comparable global response among patients with invasive candidiasis. Additionally, both studied echinocandins showed no significant difference in 90-day all-cause mortality. However, due to the limited sample size, larger studies are needed to confirm these results.

Sepsis, a critical medical emergency driven by a dysregulated host response to infection, remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic methods are slow, blood culture-dependent, and often lack sensitivity or specificity, delaying timely intervention and contributing to poor outcomes. Recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising solutions. Yet, existing machine learning studies have either failed to achieve clinical-grade performance or have not directly targeted rapid sepsis detection from blood cultures. In this study, we collected an extensive set of blood culture samples from a diverse patient cohort attended tertiary level hospital in Qatar, including both clinically confirmed sepsis-positive and control cases, then constructed a large SERS spectral dataset with additional external validation from an independent cohort. We propose SuperRamanNet, a novel deep learning framework based on lightweight, one-dimensional super generative neuron operational neural networks (Super-ONNs), for rapid sepsis recognition and multiclass pathogen identification directly from SERS spectra. The system demonstrates robust performance, achieving 99.67% accuracy for sepsis recognition and 98.84% accuracy for pathogen identification on the primary dataset, with similarly high results on external validation. Comparative analysis confirms that SuperRamanNet consistently outperforms benchmark models and previous literature, supported by ablation studies highlighting the impact of data augmentation and architectural innovations. In conclusion, this work establishes SuperRamanNet as a clinically viable, high-throughput, and portable diagnostic tool, capable of transforming sepsis detection and pathogen identification at the point of care and potentially reducing the global burden of sepsis.

Background:Resistant Salmonella infections are a major global public health challenge particularly for multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates manifesting as bloodstream infections (BSIs).Objectives:To evaluate clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella enterica BSIs from Qatar.Methods:Phenotypic ESBL Salmonella enterica from adult patients presenting with positive BSIs were collected between January 2019 to May 2020. Microbiological identification and characterization were performed using standard methods while genetic characteristics were examined through whole genome sequencing studies.Results:Of 151 episodes of Salmonella enterica BSI, 15 (10%) phenotypic ESBL isolates were collected. Recent travel was recorded in most cases (80%) with recent exposure to antimicrobials (27%). High-level resistance to quinolines, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins was recorded (80-100%) while meropenem, tigecycline and colistin demonstrated universal susceptibility. Genomic evaluation demonstrated dominance of serotype Salmonella Typhi sequence type 1 (93%) while antimicrobial resistance genes revealed dominance of aminoglycoside resistance (100%), qnrS1 quinolones resistance (80%), blaCTX-M-15 ESBLs (86.7%), and paucity of AmpC resistance genes (6.7%).Conclusions:Invasive MDR Salmonella enterica is mainly imported, connected to patients from high prevalent regions with recent travel and antimicrobial use caused by specific resistant clones. In suspected cases of multidrug resistance, carbapenem therapy is recommended.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global healthcare challenge with substantial morbidity, mortality, and management costs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a documented increase in antimicrobial consumption, particularly for severe and critical cases, as well as noticeable travel and social restriction measures that might influenced the spectrum of AMR. To evaluate the problem, retrospective data were collected on bacterial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Qatar before and after the pandemic from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021, covering 53,183 pathogens isolated from reported infection episodes. The findings revealed a significant resistance pattern for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-EBC), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CR-EBC), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). For correlation with social restrictions, ESBL-EBC and MRSA were positively correlated with changing patterns of international travel (ρ = 0.71 and 0.67, respectively; p < 0.05), while CRPA was moderately correlated with the number of COVID-19 hospitalized patients (ρ = 0.49; p < 0.05). CREBC and CRPA respiratory infections were associated with hospitalized patients (OR: 3.08 and 2.00, respectively; p < 0.05). The findings emphasize the challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and links to international travel, which probably will influence the local epidemiology of AMR that needs further surveillance and control strategies.

Candida glabrata is a commensal yeast of the gastrointestinal tract and skin of humans. However, it causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, and is the second most common Candida pathogen causing bloodstream infections. Although there are many studies on the epidemiology of C. glabrata infections, the fine- and large-scale geographical nature of C. glabrata remain incompletely understood. Here we investigated both the fine- and large-scale population structure of C. glabrata through genome sequencing of 80 clinical isolates obtained from six tertiary hospitals in Qatar and by comparing with global collections. Our fine-scale analyses revealed high genetic diversity within the Qatari population of C. glabrata and identified signatures of recombination, inbreeding and clonal expansion within and between hospitals, including evidence for nosocomial transmission among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In addition to signatures of recombination at the population level, both MATa and MATα alleles were detected in most hospitals, indicating the potential for sexual reproduction in clinical environments. Comparisons with global samples showed that the Qatari C. glabrata population was very similar to those from other parts of the world, consistent with the significant role of recent anthropogenic activities in shaping its population structure. Genome-wide association studies identified both known and novel genomic variants associated with reduced susceptibilities to fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and echinocandins. Together, our genomic analyses revealed the diversity, transmission patterns and antifungal drug resistance mechanisms of C. glabrata in Qatar as well as the relationships between Qatari isolates and those from other parts of the world.

Key Clinical MessageStreptococcus gordonii‐associated endocarditis is a rare occurrence, raising diagnostic challenges, and is often associated with considerable morbidity. However, vigilance can prevent devastating consequences.AbstractStreptococcus gordonii‐associated endocarditis is rarely reported but often associated with considerable morbidity. We describe three cases of infective endocarditis caused by S. gordonii during a four‐week period in 2023, and the use of whole‐genome sequencing to determine whether these isolates were genetically related. The available literature was reviewed.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)virus, resulted in significant global health consequences. The interventions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had a significant impact on the course of the pandemic, but they might also involve other pathogens besides SARS-CoV-2. This study investigates the epidemiological variations for major bacterial and common fungal pathogens represented by Candida species infection in Qatar through retrospective hospital records. Retrospective data were collected on all bacterial and Candida infections from Hamad General Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021. Statistical analyses were performed using R (Version 4.1.0). Infection count comparisons were performed using chi-square goodness of fit tests. Differences in patient numbers were tested with one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey HSD. The number of infections and measures were correlated using Spearman rank correlation. The significance level was set at 0.05, and where applicable, the Holm–Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple testing. The general trend for bacterial and Candida infections showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) following the imposed restrictions and increases during restriction lifting periods. The number of bacterial infections correlated with the number of international visitors (ρ = 0.61, p < 0.01), while the number of Candida infections correlated with hospital admissions of COVID-19 patients (ρ = 0.59, p = 0.013). The results provide a general overview of the infection trends in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic and illustrate some of the pandemic interventions’ effects on bacterial and Candida infections. However, further research is needed to better understand the underlying trend dynamics.

Background We characterized and identified the genetic and antigenic variations of circulating rotavirus strains in comparison to used rotavirus vaccines. Methods Rotavirus-positive samples ( n = 231) were collected and analyzed. The VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced and analyzed against the rotavirus vaccine strains. Antigenic variations were illustrated on the three-dimensional models of surface proteins. Results In all, 59.7% of the hospitalized children were vaccinated, of which only 57.2% received two doses. There were no significant differences between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in terms of clinical outcome. The G3 was the dominant genotype (40%) regardless of vaccination status. Several amino acid changes were identified in the VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitopes compared to the licensed vaccines. The highest variability was seen in the G3 (6 substitutions) and P[4] (11 substitutions) genotypes in comparison to RotaTeq®. In comparison to Rotarix®, G1 strains possessed three amino acid changes in 7-1a and 7-2 epitopes while P[8] strains possessed five amino acid changes in 8-1 and 8-3 epitopes. Conclusions The current use of Rotarix® vaccine might not be effective in preventing the infection due to the higher numbers of G3-associated cases. The wide range of mutations in the antigenic epitopes compared to vaccine strains may compromise the vaccine’s effectiveness. Impact The reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness necessitate regular evaluation of the vaccine content to ensure optimal protection. We characterized and identified the genetic and antigenic variations of circulating rotavirus strains in comparison to the Rotarix vaccine strain that is used in Qatar. The study highlight the importance for regular monitoring of emerging rotavirus variants and their impact on vaccine effectiveness in young children.

Abstract Background Cryptosporidium is a common pathogenic parasite known to cause diarrhea in humans, particularly young children living in poor-resource settings, as well as animals. Symptoms are usually mild in immunocompetent individuals and may progress to a life-threatening disease among immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis can be challenging due to insensitive conventional diagnostic tests. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis infection in Qatar and to compare four different diagnostic methods for detection of Cryptosporidium in human stool samples.Methods Stool samples obtained from patients with various gastrointestinal symptoms were received at the microbiology laboratory of Hamad general hospital, Qatar, for ova and parasites examination over a period of two years (January 2018 to December 2019). Stool samples were tested using four diagnostic methods: routine microscopy, immunochromatography (ICT), multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and modified Kinyoun's acid fast stain (MKS).Results Out of 205 stool samples, we detected Cryptosporidium in 17.6%, 15.0%, 7.0%, and 6.0% of specimens using PCR, ICT, MKS, and routine microscopy, respectively. Among the 36 positive patients, 39.0⁒ patients were under five years old, 17.0⁒ were aged between five and 10 years, 19.0⁒ were between 10 and 20 years, 17.0⁒ were between 20 and 40, and 8.0⁒ were over 40 years old. OF the positive cases, 61.1⁒ patients were male and 38.9⁒ were female. Additionally, 61.1⁒ of patients were Qatari nationals, while 38.9⁒ were from other origins.Conclusions For a better diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection, PCR or ICT techniques should be incorporated alongside conventional microscopy methods. Future research using multi-locus sequence typing will to provide valuable insight to the molecular epidemiology and species diversity of Cryptosporidium species in Qatar.

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar, many patients who were severely ill were colonized and infected by Candida auris, an invasive multidrug-resistant yeast pathogen that spreads through nosocomial transmission within healthcare facilities. Here, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of these C. auris isolates and the mechanisms associated with antifungal drug resistance.Methods: Whole genomes of 76 clinical C. auris isolates, including 65 from patients with COVID-19 collected from March 2020 to June 2021, from nine major hospitals were sequenced on Illumina NextSeq. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to determine their epidemiological patterns and mechanisms for antifungal resistance. The data were compared with those published prior to the COVID19 pandemic from 2018 to 2020 in Qatar.Results: Genomic analysis revealed low genetic variability among the isolates from patients with and without COVID-19, confirming a clonal outbreak and ongoing dissemination of C. auris among various healthcare facilities. Based on antifungal susceptibility profiles, more than 70% (22/28) of isolates were resistant to both fluconazole and amphotericin B. Variant analysis revealed the presence of multiantifungal resistant isolates with prominent amino acid substitutions: Y132F in ERG11 and V704L in CDR1 linked to reduced azole susceptibility and the emergence of echinocandin resistance samples bearing mutations in FKS1 in comparison with pre-COVID-19 pandemic samples. One sample (CAS109) was resistant to three classes of antifungal drugs with a unique premature stop codon in ERG3 and novel mutations in CDR2, which may be associated with elevated amphotericin B and azole resistance.Discussion: Candida auris isolates from patients with COVID-19 and from most patient samples without COVID-19 in Qatar were highly clonal. The data demonstrated the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains that carry novel mutations linked to enhanced resistance to azoles, echinocandins, and amphotericin B. Understanding the epidemiology and drug resistance will inform the infection control strategy and drug therapy. Fatma Ben Abid, Clin Microbiol Infect 2023;29:1083.e1-1083.e7 & COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

•Enterococcus bacteremia cases were enrolled retrospectively over a decade timeframe.•E. faecalis and E. faecium constitute the majority at 93.5%.•Significant mortality was associated with enterococcus bloodstream infection.•Low rates for ampicillin and vancomycin resistance.•Enterococcus bacteremia carries high mortality in CKD and cancer patients.

Introduction Foetal membrane structure and function: Human foetal membranes are the innermost tissue layers that form the intrauterine cavity and serve as a barrier between the foetal-placental and maternal compartments. Foetal membranes include the amnion (innermost layer of the intraamniotic cavity) and the chorion (foetal tissue connected to maternal decidua) and are connected by the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM ). (1)

Abstract Background Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) is a global study for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from different regions around the World including Gulf countries. To evaluate prevalence and trends in AMR in GNB from clinical specimens including microbiological and genomic characteristics as well as examine Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests (AST) for existing and novel antimicrobials. Methods A prospective study was conducted on clinical specimens from Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, between 2017 and 2019 according to the SMART protocol that covers community as well as hospital-associated infections reported to secondary care. Consecutive GNB were included from different sites including lower respiratory and urinary tracts, intrabdominal, and bloodstream infections. Results Over the three years study period, 895 isolates were studied from the specified sites comprising 38 GNB with four key pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Meropenem resistance was 3.6% for E. coli and 9.3% for K. pneumoniae while imipenem/relebactam resistance was 3% compared to 8% respectively. The overall ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance for E. coli was 9% (25/281) compared to 13% (34/257) for K. pneumoniae while resistance for ceftazidime/avibactam was 2% (3/137) and 4% (5/117) respectively. Genomic characteristics of 70 Enterobacterales including 48 carbapenem-resistant, revealed the prevalence of β-lactamase from all classes dominated by blaCXM-15 while carbapenem resistance revealed a paucity of blaKPC and supremacy of blaOXA-48 like and blaNDM resistance genes (Table 1). Table 1.The frequency of different β-lactamase genes among 48 Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (ERSs) isolates collect from Qatar between 2017 - 2019.*Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and urinary tract infections (UTIs) Conclusion Surveillance of GNB from Qatar showed the prevalence of key pathogens similar to the rest of the world but demonstrated significant resistance to existing and novel antimicrobials, particularly for K. pneumoniae with different underlying resistance mechanisms. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

The intrauterine device (IUD), being a reversible and effective contraception method, is the most widely used worldwide. This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of IUD insertion during elective lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) versus its insertion six weeks postpartum. A cohort study was conducted on 200 women planned for elective cesarean delivery and desired IUD as a contraceptive method. They were allocated into two groups; group I, in which IUD was inserted during LSCS, and group II, in which IUD was inserted six weeks or more after LSCS. Both groups were compared regarding failed insertion, post-insertion pain, and uterine perforation. They were followed for one year for the incidence of menorrhagia, vaginal infection, IUD displacement/expulsion, missed threads, or unintended pregnancy. Women in the second group showed a significantly higher incidence of failed insertion and uterine perforation than women in the first group. On the contrary, women in the first group showed a significantly higher incidence of missed threads than women in the second group. Regarding other consequences, there were no significant differences between both groups concerning menorrhagia, vaginal infection, IUD displacement/expulsion, or unintended pregnancy. IUD insertion during elective LSCS showed a significantly lower incidence of failed insertion and uterine perforation than its insertion six weeks postoperative.

Massilia timonae infections in humans have rarely been reported. To the best of our knowledge, M. timonae has not been previously recognized as a causative agent of obstetric or gynecological infections. Timely identification of this unusual pathogen and the use of targeted antimicrobial therapy are crucial to avoid consequences and treatment failure.

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of public health importance. We present the draft genome sequence of an isolate (Rhodo3571) cultured from an immunocompetent patient. The isolate is similar to other R. mucilaginosa genomes in the NCBI database. Presented here are the genome assembly and its comparison to other reference genomes.