ArticleTHE EFFECT OF CHOLERESIS ON THE RATE OF EXCRETION OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED BILIRUBINA. L. Berman, E. Snapp, and A. C. IvyA. L. BermanFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, E. SnappFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, andA. C. IvyFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, ChicagoPublished Online:31 Jan 1941https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1941.132.1.176MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 132Issue 1January 1941Pages 176-184 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1941 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1941.132.1.176History Received 29 September 1940 Published online 31 January 1941 Published in print 31 January 1941 Metrics

ArticleON THE REGULATION OR HOMEOSTASIS OF THE CHOLIC ACID OUTPUT IN BILIARY-DUODENAL FISTULA DOGSA. L. Berman, E. Snapp, A. C. Ivy, and A. J. AtkinsonA. L. BermanFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, E. SnappFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, A. C. IvyFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, andA. J. AtkinsonFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, ChicagoPublished Online:31 Dec 1940https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1940.131.3.776MoreSectionsPDF (961 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 131Issue 3December 1940Pages 776-782 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1940 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1940.131.3.776History Received 2 September 1940 Published online 31 December 1940 Published in print 31 December 1940 Metrics

ArticleTHE EFFECT OF DESICCATED HOG BILE AND HOG BILE ACID PREPARATIONS ON THE VOLUME AND CONSTITUENTS OF BILEA. L. Berman, E. Snapp, A. C. Ivy, V. H. Hough, and A. J. AtkinsonA. L. BermanFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, E. SnappFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, A. C. IvyFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, V. H. HoughFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, and A. J. AtkinsonFrom the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Medical School, ChicagoPublished Online:31 Dec 1940https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1940.131.3.752MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 131Issue 3December 1940Pages 752-759 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1940 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1940.131.3.752History Received 30 August 1940 Published online 31 December 1940 Published in print 31 December 1940 Metrics

Various oxidized bile salts, dehydrocholic acid (Decholin), ketocholanic acids (Ketochol), oxidized conjugated ox-bile salts (Dechacid No. 14), and oxidized conjugated hog-bile salts (Dechacid No. 22) were administered orally to dogs and rats to determine what “toxic” effects they might have on the functional activity of the liver. Toxic effects were examined for by observing the weight of the animals, by determining bromsulphalein clearance, by analyzing the liver for total fat and glycogen content, and by histological study of sections of the liver and kidney.

Mizuta and Ikegami have reported the presence in cattle bile of an ether-soluble substance which promotes glycogen formation in the liver. We decided to repeat their experiments because the data presented are not convincing and the concept may possess significance. Methods. We have conformed as closely as possible to the general experimental plan of the Japanese observers. Young adult rabbits were fed our standard stock diet for 2 weeks. They were then placed in a stock in a wire cage to prevent coprophagia and fasted for 72 hours. The animals were then given 2 or 4 g of glucose per kilo body weight slowly intravenously (10 minutes) and 30 minutes later were given the bile extract similarly. 2.5 hours later, the animals were given pentobarbital intravenously, which induces anesthesia immediately. The liver was frozen in situ with CO2 within a minute. The frozen liver was crushed to powder and a weighed portion placed in 30% KOH, digested and analyzed for glycogen by Somogyi's method. The results were calculated and expressed as the percent of glycogen in the powder. The extracts were made from freshly frozen cattle bile. One extract, A, was made by rendering the thawed bile slightly alkaline (pH 8.0), evaporating to dryness in vacuo at a low temperature for 24 hours, and extracting the powder with ether and removing the ether in vacuo. A second extract, B, was made by slightly acidifying the thawed bile (pH 4.0) with phosphoric acid, steam distilling for 6 hours, the distillate being extracted with ether and the ether removed in vacuo. A third extract, C, was made as in the first extract, A, except the thawed bile was slightly acidified (pH 4.0) with phosphoric acid.

(1) Keto-reacting substances are present in dogs' bile and can be quantitatively determined. (2) The output of keto-reacting substances is increased slightly when unoxidized bile acids are fed. (3) When oxidized bile acids or ketocholanic acids are administered orally, the output of keto-reacting substances in the bile is markedly increased. By assuming that the increase over the control output is due to the ketocholanic acid fed, one may calculate the recovery in the bile of the ketocholanic acid administered.